Archives of Microbiology最新文献

{"title":"Recent advances of muconic acid production using microbial synthetic biology","authors":"Xiqiang Liu,&nbsp;Jintao Lu,&nbsp;Siqi Chen,&nbsp;Mingyang Wang,&nbsp;Aamer Ali Shah,&nbsp;Chunjie Gong","doi":"10.1007/s00203-025-04419-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00203-025-04419-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Muconic acid is a high-value intermediate with unique properties. Traditional methods for muconic acid production showed some disadvantages including expensive raw materials, environmentally sensitive, and high concentration of heavy metal catalysts. With the development of synthetic biology, bio-strategies for muconic acid production have been widely studied. In this paper, key advances in muconic acid production using synthetic biology are highlighted. Furthermore, strategies for improving muconic acid production have been discussed, including cofactor engineering, modular co-culture, and artificial intelligence-assisted enzyme optimization. Given the significant advantages of biosynthesis in clean production and cost control, the paper concludes with an analysis of the economic and technical feasibility of microbial muconic acid production.</p>","PeriodicalId":8279,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Microbiology","volume":"207 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144810955","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Endoplasmic reticulum: the target of chlamydial manipulation","authors":"Yating Wen,&nbsp;Wenbo Lei,&nbsp;Yi Liu,&nbsp;Yuqiong Sheng,&nbsp;Ranhui Li,&nbsp;Zhongyu Li","doi":"10.1007/s00203-025-04411-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00203-025-04411-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><i>Chlamydia</i>, as an obligate intracellular pathogen, causes significant human diseases such as trachoma, sexually transmitted infections, respiratory illnesses, and atherosclerosis. Understanding its unique survival strategies within host cells is crucial for developing effective treatments. The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a key target for intracellular pathogens due to its roles in fundamental cellular functions. <i>Chlamydia</i> forms membrane contact sites (MCSs) with the ER. This physical connection allows <i>Chlamydia</i> to obtain sphingomyelin and regulate calcium ion concentrations via the ER, thereby promoting inclusion formation and facilitating inclusion extrusion. Additionally, chlamydial infection triggers ER stress and downstream unfolded protein response (UPR), leading to autophagy, the expression of inflammatory factors, and oxidative stress (OS), all of which have dual roles in the survival and pathogenesis of <i>Chlamydia</i>. By focusing on the interactions between <i>Chlamydia</i> and the ER, we highlight the mechanisms underlying lipid acquisition, calcium signaling, and subversion of the UPR. These insights not only advance our understanding of <i>Chlamydia</i>’s pathogenesis but also reveal potential therapeutic targets to treat chlamydial infections.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8279,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Microbiology","volume":"207 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144810957","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An antifungal vapour to control Alternaria angustiovoidea, causing postharvest black spot rot in apples","authors":"Pragya Rani,&nbsp;Mohini Sharma,&nbsp;Nidhin Poovathumkadavil Thambi,&nbsp;Meenu Katoch","doi":"10.1007/s00203-025-04423-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00203-025-04423-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Apples are among the most popular nutritious fruits. They are prone to several postharvest fungi, resulting in significant losses in overall production. This study evaluated the potential of developed gel formulations (soft gel and carrageenan-guar gum gel) incorporated with combinations of <i>Monarda citriodora</i> essential oil (MEO) and linalool to control the postharvest black spot rot of apples and to improve their shelf life. The pathogenic fungus was isolated from infected apples and characterised as <i>Alternaria angustiovoidea</i>. In vitro, minimum fungicidal concentrations of MEO, hexanal, and linalool vapour phase showed activity at 1346.15 µL L⁻¹ air, 192.30 µL L⁻¹ air and 192.30 µL L⁻¹ air concentration, respectively. MEO and linalool's in vitro checkerboard assay showed synergy, while the combination of MEO and hexanal was additive. In vivo, the checkerboard assay with MEO and linalool incorporated in soft gel formulation showed a synergistic effect at W3 (MEO 336.54 μL L⁻¹ air and linalool 48.07 μL L⁻¹ air) and X3 (MEO 336.54 μL L⁻¹ air and linalool 24.03 μL L⁻¹ air). The soft gel formulation prevented the pH and total soluble solids of the stored apples from changing, inhibited the breakdown of ascorbic acid, and decreased weight loss. Additionally, the stored apples' total phenolic content and antioxidant activity enhanced. The synergistic combination of MEO and linalool incorporated in soft gel formulation could be a promising postharvest treatment against black spot rot of apples for extended shelf life and for maintaining apple fruit quality during storages.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":8279,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Microbiology","volume":"207 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144810959","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reactive oxygen species and reactive nitrogen species are double-edged swords in Salmonella infection","authors":"Yue Song,&nbsp;Ting Ni,&nbsp;Yifei Zhao,&nbsp;Zichun Sang,&nbsp;Qiwen Wang,&nbsp;Xingyu Xia,&nbsp;Chang Liu,&nbsp;Wenlu Zhang,&nbsp;Shasha Li,&nbsp;Bo Deng,&nbsp;Pengfei Wu,&nbsp;Junfeng Tan,&nbsp;Zhongjie Li,&nbsp;Wanwu Li","doi":"10.1007/s00203-025-04420-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00203-025-04420-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><i>Salmonella</i> contains a group of serovars, which are more than just enteropathogenic bacteria but dangerous pathogens causing systemic infection of human, livestock, and poultry. As an innate immune response, inflammation induces reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) production from host cells in response to <i>Salmonella</i> infection. Generally, ROS and RNS are regarded as bactericidal substances for their ability to oxidize and modify the bacterial biomolecules including proteins, DNA, RNA, lipids, etc. However, excessive ROS and RNS damage the functions of host cells through the destroy of host biomolecules. <i>Salmonella</i> inhibits ROS/RNS production, eliminates toxic ROS/RNS, and mends damaged DNA/proteins using specific enzymes or proteins to avoid the killing of ROS/RNS. In hypoxic intracellular environment or intestinal lumen, <i>Salmonella</i> exploits the chemical reaction products of ROS or RNS to promote its growth during infection. This review article provides deep insights for understanding the functions of ROS/RNS in <i>Salmonella</i> infection.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8279,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Microbiology","volume":"207 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144788139","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"New insights into the diversity and pathogenicity of Fusarium species causing carnation wilt in Lam Dong, Vietnam","authors":"Dung Le","doi":"10.1007/s00203-025-04421-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00203-025-04421-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Carnation Fusarium wilt (CFW) is a devastating systemic disease affecting carnation production worldwide, although little is known about its status in Vietnam. This study provides the first comprehensive report on the population and pathogenesis profile of <i>Fusarium</i> species associated with CFW in Vietnam. A survey of commercial greenhouses revealed approximately 10.7% disease incidence, with symptomatic plants showing chlorosis, wilting, leaf blight, and vascular discoloration. Twenty-one <i>Fusarium</i> isolates were obtained and classified into the <i>Fusarium oxysporum</i> species complex (FOSC) and <i>F. incarnatum-equiseti</i> species complex (FIESC), each comprising two morphologically distinct clades. Molecular identification based on ITS and <i>TEF-1α</i> sequences confirmed four species: <i>F. oxysporum</i> (42.9%), <i>F. pernambucanum</i> (33.3%), <i>F. sulawesiense</i> (19.0%), and <i>F. nirenbergiae</i> (4.8%), revealing notable species diversity. Pathogenicity tests at both seed germination and transplant stages showed that all identified species could cause disease, with varying degrees of aggressiveness. <i>Fusarium oxysporum</i> species complex isolates mainly delayed germination, while FIESC isolates more strongly reduced germination rates. Both complexes caused root rot, seedling death, and foliar symptoms in transplants. Two highly virulent isolates, C1611 (<i>F. oxysporum</i>) and C2111 (<i>F. pernambucanum</i>), significantly reduced seed viability and survival and caused high disease intensity. Some isolates showed organ- or stage-specific pathogenicity. This is the first report of <i>F. pernambucanum</i>, <i>F. sulawesiense</i>, and <i>F. nirenbergiae</i> associated with carnation, globally, and the first record of CFW-associated species in Vietnam. These findings highlight the diversity and pathogenic complexity of <i>Fusarium</i> species involved in CFW and underscore the need for accurate identification and effective disease management strategies in local and international trade.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8279,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Microbiology","volume":"207 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144788137","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Therapeutic engineering of the gut microbiome using synthetic biology and metabolic tools: a comprehensive review with E. coli Nissle 1917 as a model case study","authors":"Soumok Sadhu,&nbsp;Tania Paul,&nbsp;Nishant Yadav","doi":"10.1007/s00203-025-04417-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00203-025-04417-w","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The human gut microbiome significantly influences host physiology, metabolism, and immune function. The engineering of microbial communities represents a significant advancement in contemporary biotechnology. Conventional methods, including Fecal Microbiota Transplantation (FMT) and probiotic administration, exhibit limitations in efficacy and raise safety and reproducibility concerns; however, they have shown potential therapeutic benefits. Recent progress in biocatalysis and metabolic engineering has led to the development of genetically tractable gut bacteria for targeted therapeutic purposes, particularly in the last five years. This chapter offers an overview of the development of microbiota-based interventions, from early recombinant probiotics to advanced synthetic biology platforms that can detect and respond to host and environmental signals. This analysis examines the mechanistic aspects of enzyme engineering, including improvements in metabolic pathways for the production of short-chain fatty acids, the breakdown of harmful metabolites, and the biosynthesis of immunomodulatory compounds. This review also examines conditions including inflammatory bowel disease, metabolic dysfunction, and colorectal cancer, highlighting microbial production systems pertinent to gut health. The engineering of <i>Escherichia coli</i> Nissle 1917 to produce phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) and L-amino acid deaminase (LAAD) represents a significant advancement in gut-based metabolic intervention for patients with phenylketonuria (PKU) by degrading excess phenylalanine. Recent studies offer peer-reviewed evidence supporting the translational potential of these inventions, as demonstrated through figures and tables highlighting engineered metabolic circuits, therapeutic outputs, and strain performance metrics. This combination of developments demonstrates the potential of synthetic microbiome engineering to provide precision biotherapeutics for various gut-related conditions.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8279,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Microbiology","volume":"207 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12328466/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144788140","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Insights into host dependency from a chemically defined medium for the human vaginal bacterium Lactobacillus crispatus","authors":"P. Achterberg,&nbsp;N. J. K. van Geenen,&nbsp;R. Y. Hertzberger,&nbsp;D. Molenaar,&nbsp;M. C. M. van Loosdrecht,&nbsp;R. Kort","doi":"10.1007/s00203-025-04406-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00203-025-04406-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A <i>Lactobacillus</i>-rich vaginal microbiome is associated with a reduced risk for sexually transmitted diseases and adverse reproductive health outcomes, with <i>Lactobacillus crispatus</i> identified as particularly beneficial. This study investigated the nutritional requirements of two vaginal isolates, <i>L. crispatus</i> RL09 and RL10, and presents a chemically defined medium (CDM) that supports their growth. This study experimentally validated that <i>L. crispatus</i> relies on exogenous fatty acids, essential B vitamins, including riboflavin (B2), niacin (B3) and pantothenate (B5), and all eighteen amino acids for sustained growth. On one hand, this body of work adds to the physiological understanding of <i>Lactobacilliaceae</i> and lays the groundwork for future quantitative studies on <i>L. crispatus</i>. On the other hand, we have shown that <i>L. crispatus</i> exhibits a high metabolic dependency on its environment. These dependencies underscore the potential sensitivity of <i>L. crispatus</i> to nutrient variations, which may influence its ability to dominate and maintain a healthy vaginal ecosystem.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8279,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Microbiology","volume":"207 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12328491/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144788136","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Paraprobiotics from Lactiplantibacillus plantarum and fungal β-glucan from Lignosus rhinocerus synergistically enhance macrophage activation in vitro","authors":"Waraporn Chamnankit,&nbsp;Wankuson Chanasit,&nbsp;Monthon Lertworapreecha","doi":"10.1007/s00203-025-04416-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00203-025-04416-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study evaluated the immunomodulatory effects of paraprobiotics from <i>Lactiplantibacillus plantarum</i> TSUB-17 and <i>β</i>-glucan extracted from <i>Lignosus rhinocerus</i> mycelium using RAW 264.7 macrophages. <i>β</i>-glucan was produced under optimized conditions (31.5 °C, 13.5% potato powder, 13% glucose), yielding 44.7 g/L biomass with 33.60% <i>β</i>-glucan. NMR and FESEM confirmed its structural similarity to commercial <i>β</i>-glucan. <i>β</i>-glucan significantly reduced nitric oxide (NO) levels and proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-<i>α</i>, IL-6) while increasing anti-inflammatory markers IL-10 and TGF-<i>β</i>. Paraprobiotics strongly induced TNF-<i>α</i> and IL-6 but had limited anti-inflammatory effects. Co-treatment resulted in moderated proinflammatory and enhanced anti-inflammatory responses, with a synergistic increase in TGF-<i>β</i>. This is the first report of the synergistic immunomodulatory interaction between sonicated paraprobiotics and <i>L. rhinocerus β</i>-glucan. The results suggest potential applications in functional foods or therapeutic formulations to modulate inflammation and promote immune balance.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8279,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Microbiology","volume":"207 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144788138","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nitrogen concentration influences growth performance and biochemical composition of the endosymbiotic dinoflagellate Durusdinium Glynnii","authors":"Deyvid Willame Silva Oliveira,&nbsp;Carlos Yure Barbosa de Oliveira,&nbsp;Barbara de Cassia Soares Brandão,&nbsp;Clarissa Vilela Figueiredo da Silva Campos,&nbsp;Laenne Barbara Silva de Moraes,&nbsp;Jéssika Lima de Abreu,&nbsp;Luis Otávio Brito da Silva,&nbsp;Alfredo Olivera Gálvez","doi":"10.1007/s00203-025-04403-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00203-025-04403-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Endosymbiotic dinoflagellates are promising sources of biomolecules with high biotechnological potential. However, knowledge on their cultivation strategies and physiological responses to nutrient modulation remains limited. This study evaluated the effects of different nitrogen concentrations—resulting in nitrogen-to-phosphorus (N: P) ratios of 0:1, 7:1, 14:1, and 28:1—on the growth performance and biochemical composition of <i>D. glynnii</i>. Experiments were conducted in two consecutive cultivation rounds (C1 and C2), each comprising three biological replicates per treatment, to assess temporal stability and metabolic adaptability. Results indicated that <i>D. glynnii</i> was unable to sustain growth in the absence of nitrogen. The highest growth rate (0.19 ± 0.01 day⁻¹), biomass concentration (753.33 ± 14.14 mg L⁻¹), and protein yield (9.89 ± 0.19 mg L⁻¹ day⁻¹) were observed at the 28:1 ratio. Protein content increased proportionally with nitrogen availability, reaching 31.51 ± 0.15% of dry weight at 28:1. Crude lipid content also peaked under this condition (7.27 ± 0.65% of dry weight). Although some variability between independent experimental runs was observed, particularly under nitrogen deprivation, the overall trends were consistent and ecologically relevant. These findings underscore the key role of nitrogen availability in modulating both growth and biochemical composition in <i>D. glynnii</i>. While higher N: P ratios favored biomass productivity, the data also suggest that phosphorus became limiting at the later stages of the experiment under N-rich conditions. This highlights the importance of balancing N and P supply in intensive cultivation. Further studies are recommended to investigate nutrient uptake dynamics, optimize stoichiometric ratios, and explore long-term adaptive responses.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8279,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Microbiology","volume":"207 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144752178","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antibiofilm strategies using mixed disinfectants and cubosome nanocarriers to combat Staphylococcus aureus on sandblasted stainless steel disc surfaces","authors":"Jirapat Dawan,&nbsp;Yuyuan Guo,&nbsp;Sang-Soo Lee,&nbsp;Jin-Chul Kim","doi":"10.1007/s00203-025-04402-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00203-025-04402-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Bacterial biofilms are complex communities in which microorganisms are adhered and encapsulated in a self-produced extracellular polymeric material (EPS) matrix. Biofilm acts as a protective barrier, enhancing the resistance of bacteria to environmental stressors, cleaning agents and antimicrobial treatments. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluated the effectiveness of a mixed disinfectant suspension (MIX) against <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> biofilms on sandblasted stainless steel disc surfaces. A cubic phase containing MIX was prepared, and its anti-biofilm ability was assessed in comparison to free MIX. The susceptibility of <i>S. aureus</i> ATCC 15,564 (SA^ATCC) and multidrug-resistant <i>S. aureus</i> CCARM 3080 (SA^CCARM) biofilms to single and mixed disinfectants (MIX) was evaluated. The incorporation of MIX into cubosomes was performed to evaluate its potential enhancement in antibiofilm activity. 1% MIX demonstrated the most effective anti-biofilm activity. Extracellular DNA (eDNA) and polysaccharides were also significantly reduced in biofilms treated with 1% MIX. TEM analysis revealed that 1% MIX effectively disrupted bacterial cell clusters within the biofilms. The incorporation of 1% MIX into cubosomes enhanced its antibiofilm activity, with cubosome-encapsulated MIX exhibiting superior results compared to free MIX. This study demonstrates the effectiveness of a mixed disinfectant suspension in reducing <i>S. aureus</i> biofilms on sandblasted stainless steel disc surfaces. Furthermore, the incorporation of MIX into lipid-based nanocarriers, such as cubosomes, enhanced its antibiofilm efficacy compared to the free disinfectant.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8279,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Microbiology","volume":"207 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144752174","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}