Archives of Microbiology最新文献

{"title":"Impact of eugenol on biofilm development in Shigella flexneri 1457: a plant terpenoid based-approach to inhibit food-borne pathogen","authors":"Wilson Pearl Evangeline,&nbsp;Elumalai Rajalakshmi,&nbsp;Singaravel Mahalakshmi,&nbsp;Vasudevan Ramya,&nbsp;Banik Devkiran,&nbsp;Elangovan Saranya,&nbsp;Mohandass Ramya","doi":"10.1007/s00203-024-04108-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00203-024-04108-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><i>Shigella flexneri</i> is a gram-negative bacterium responsible for shigellosis and bacterial dysentery. Despite using various synthetic antimicrobial agents and antibiotics, their efficacy is limited, prompting concerns over antibiotic resistance and associated health risks. This study investigated eugenol, a polyphenol with inherent antioxidant and antibacterial properties, as a potential alternative treatment. We aimed to evaluate eugenol’s antibacterial effects and mechanisms of action against <i>S. flexneri</i> and its impact on biofilm formation. We observed significant growth suppression of <i>S. flexneri</i> with eugenol concentrations of 8–10 mM (98.29%). Quantitative analysis using the Crystal Violet assay demonstrated a marked reduction in biofilm formation at 10 mM (97.01 %). Assessment of Cell Viability and morphology via Fluorescence-Activated Cell Sorting and Scanning Electron Microscopy confirmed these findings. Additionally, qPCR analysis revealed the downregulation of key genes responsible for adhesion (<i>yebL</i>), quorum sensing (<i>rcsC</i><i>, </i><i>sdiA</i>), and EPS production (<i>s0482</i>) associated with bacterial growth and biofilm formation. The present study suggests eugenol could offer a promising alternative to conventional antibiotics for treating shigellosis caused by <i>S. flexneri</i>.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8279,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Microbiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142016201","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mechanistic insights into antifungal potential of Alexidine dihydrochloride and hexachlorophene in Candida albicans: a drug repurposing approach","authors":"Ayesha Ansari,&nbsp;Darshan Kumar,&nbsp;Payal Gupta,&nbsp;Krishna Mohan Poluri,&nbsp;Nishant Rai,&nbsp;Faud Ameen,&nbsp;Navin Kumar","doi":"10.1007/s00203-024-04103-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00203-024-04103-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><i>Candida albicans</i> has been listed in the critical priority group by the WHO in 2022 depending upon its contribution in invasive candidiasis and increased resistance to conventional drugs. Drug repurposing offers an efficient, rapid, and cost-effective solution to develop alternative therapeutics against pathogenic microbes. Alexidine dihydrochloride (AXD) and hexachlorophene (HCP) are FDA approved anti-cancer and anti-septic drugs, respectively. In this study, we have shown antifungal properties of AXD and HCP against the wild type (reference strain) and clinical isolates of <i>C. albicans</i>. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC₅₀) of AXD and HCP against <i>C. albicans</i> ranged between 0.34 and 0.69 µM and 19.66–24.58 µM, respectively. The biofilm inhibitory and eradication concentration of AXD was reported comparatively lower than that of HCP for the strains used in the study. Further investigations were performed to understand the antifungal mode of action of AXD and HCP by studying virulence features like cell surface hydrophobicity, adhesion, and yeast to hyphae transition, were also reduced upon exposure to both the drugs. Ergosterol content in cell membrane of the wild type strain was upregulated on exposure to AXD and HCP both. Biochemical analyses of the exposed biofilm indicated reduced contents of carbohydrate, protein, and e-DNA in the extracellular matrix of the biofilm when compared to the untreated control biofilm. AXD exposure downregulated activity of tissue invading enzyme, phospholipase in the reference strain. In wild type strain, ROS level, and activities of antioxidant enzymes were found elevated upon exposure to both drugs. FESEM analysis of the drug treated biofilms revealed degraded biofilm. This study has indicated mode of action of antifungal potential of alexidine dihydrochloride and hexachlorophene in <i>C. albicans</i>.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":8279,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Microbiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142003473","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Respiratory tract infections: an update on the complexity of bacterial diversity, therapeutic interventions and breakthroughs","authors":"Avani Panickar,&nbsp;Anand Manoharan,&nbsp;Anand Anbarasu,&nbsp;Sudha Ramaiah","doi":"10.1007/s00203-024-04107-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00203-024-04107-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Respiratory tract infections (RTIs) have a significant impact on global health, especially among children and the elderly. The key bacterial pathogens <i>Streptococcus pneumoniae</i>,<i> Haemophilus influenzae</i>,<i> Klebsiella pneumoniae</i>,<i> Staphylococcus aureus</i> and non-fermenting Gram Negative bacteria such as <i>Acinetobacter baumannii and Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> are most commonly associated with RTIs. These bacterial pathogens have evolved a diverse array of resistance mechanisms through horizontal gene transfer, often mediated by mobile genetic elements and environmental acquisition. Treatment failures are primarily due to antimicrobial resistance and inadequate bacterial engagement, which necessitates the development of alternative treatment strategies. To overcome this, our review mainly focuses on different virulence mechanisms and their resulting pathogenicity, highlighting different therapeutic interventions to combat resistance. To prevent the antimicrobial resistance crisis, we also focused on leveraging the application of artificial intelligence and machine learning to manage RTIs. Integrative approaches combining mechanistic insights are crucial for addressing the global challenge of antimicrobial resistance in respiratory infections.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8279,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Microbiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141995188","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identification and characterization of a novel type II toxin-antitoxin system in Aeromonas veronii","authors":"Caihong Ji,&nbsp;Ting He,&nbsp;Binbin Wu,&nbsp;Xiaomei Cao,&nbsp;Xiaping Fan,&nbsp;Xia Liu,&nbsp;Xiaodan Li,&nbsp;Miao Yang,&nbsp;Jihan Wang,&nbsp;Ling Xu,&nbsp;Shengbiao Hu,&nbsp;Liqiu Xia,&nbsp;Yunjun Sun","doi":"10.1007/s00203-024-04101-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00203-024-04101-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The bacterial type II toxin-antitoxin (TA) system is a rich genetic element that participates in various physiological processes. <i>Aeromonas veronii</i> is the main bacterial pathogen threatening the freshwater aquaculture industry. However, the distribution of type II TA system in <i>A. veronii</i> was seldom documented and its roles in the life activities of <i>A. veronii</i> were still unexplored. In this study, a novel type II TA system AvtA-AvtT was predicted in a fish pathogen <i>Aeromonas veronii</i> biovar sobria with multi-drug resistance using TADB 2.0. Through an <i>Escherichia coli</i> host killing and rescue assay, we demonstrated that AvtA and AvtT worked as a genuine TA system, and the predicted toxin AvtT actually functioned as an antitoxin while the predicted antitoxin AvtA actually functioned as a toxin. The binding ability of AvtA with AvtT proteins were confirmed by dot blotting analysis and co-immunoprecipitation assay. Furthermore, we found that the toxin and antitoxin labelled with fluorescent proteins were co-localized. In addition, it was found that the transcription of AvtAT bicistronic operon was repressed by the AvtAT protein complex. Deletion of <i>avtA</i> gene and <i>avtT</i> gene had no obvious effect on the drug susceptibility. This study provides first characterization of type II TA system AvtA-AvtT in aquatic pathogen <i>A. veronii</i>.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8279,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Microbiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141995187","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recent advances of 3-fucosyllactose in health effects and production","authors":"Zhihui Du,&nbsp;Zeyu Li,&nbsp;Cuie Guang,&nbsp;Yingying Zhu,&nbsp;Wanmeng Mu","doi":"10.1007/s00203-024-04104-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00203-024-04104-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) have been recognized as gold standard for infant development. 3-Fucosyllactose (3-FL), being one of the Generally Recognized as Safe HMOs, represents a core trisaccharide within the realm of HMOs; however, it has received comparatively less attention in contrast to extensively studied 2′-fucosyllactose. The objective of this review is to comprehensively summarize the health effects of 3-FL, including its impact on gut microbiota proliferation, antimicrobial effects, immune regulation, antiviral protection, and brain maturation. Additionally, the discussion also covers the commercial application and regulatory approval status of 3-FL. Lastly, an organized presentation of large-scale production methods for 3-FL aims to provide a comprehensive guide that highlights current strategies and challenges in optimization.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":8279,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Microbiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141981560","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"One-step purification and characterization of a haloprotease from Micrococcus sp. PC7 for the production of protein hydrolysates from Andean legumes","authors":"Cesar Bautista,&nbsp;Annsy Arredondo-Nuñez,&nbsp;Arturo Intiquilla,&nbsp;Carol N. Flores-Fernández,&nbsp;Adriano Brandelli,&nbsp;Karim Jiménez-Aliaga,&nbsp;Amparo Iris Zavaleta","doi":"10.1007/s00203-024-04109-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00203-024-04109-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The high content and quality of protein in Andean legumes make them valuable for producing protein hydrolysates using proteases from bacteria isolated from extreme environments. This study aimed to carry out a single-step purification of a haloprotease from <i>Micrococcus</i> sp. PC7 isolated from Peru salterns. In addition, characterize and apply the enzyme for the production of bioactive protein hydrolysates from underutilized Andean legumes. The PC7 protease was fully purified using only tangential flow filtration (TFF) and exhibited maximum activity at pH 7.5 and 40 °C. It was characterized as a serine protease with an estimated molecular weight of 130 kDa. PC7 activity was enhanced by Cu²⁺ (1.7-fold) and remained active in the presence of most surfactants and acetonitrile. Furthermore, it stayed completely active up to 6% NaCl and kept ̴ 60% of its activity up to 8%. The protease maintained over 50% of its activity at 25 °C and 40 °C and over 70% at pH from 6 to 10 for up to 24 h. The determined <i>K</i>_<i>m</i> and <i>V</i>_<i>max</i> were 0.1098 mg mL⁻¹ and 273.7 U mL⁻¹, respectively. PC7 protease hydrolyzed 43%, 22% and 11% of the <i>Lupinus mutabilis</i>, <i>Phaseolus lunatus</i> and <i>Erythrina edulis</i> protein concentrates, respectively. Likewise, the hydrolysates from <i>Lupinus mutabilis</i> and <i>Erythrina edulis</i> presented the maximum antioxidant and antihypertensive activities, respectively. Our results demonstrated the feasibility of a simple purification step for the PC7 protease and its potential to be applied in industrial and biotechnological processes. Bioactive protein hydrolysates produced from Andean legumes may lead to the development of nutraceuticals and functional foods contributing to address some United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8279,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Microbiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141974997","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ARTP mutagenesis of Aureobasidium pullulans RM1603 for high pullulan production and transcriptome analysis of mutants","authors":"Ruoxuan Bai,&nbsp;Jiale Chen,&nbsp;Yaqiao Hao,&nbsp;Yiheng Dong,&nbsp;Keyao Ren,&nbsp;Ting Gao,&nbsp;Shuting Zhang,&nbsp;Fangxu Xu,&nbsp;Hongxin Zhao","doi":"10.1007/s00203-024-04094-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00203-024-04094-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Pullulan is a microbial exopolysaccharide produced by <i>Aureobasidium</i> spp. with excellent physical and chemical properties, resulting in great application value. In this study, a novel strain RM1603 of <i>Aureobasidium pullulans</i> with high pullulan production of 51.0 ± 1.0 g·L^− 1 isolated from rhizosphere soil was subjected to atmospheric and room temperature plasma (ARTP) mutagenesis, followed by selection of mutants to obtain pullulan high-producing strains. Finally, two mutants Mu0816 and Mu1519 were obtained, with polysaccharide productions of 58.7 ± 0.8 and 60.0 ± 0.8 g∙L^− 1 after 72-h fermentation, representing 15.1 and 17.6% increases compared with the original strain, respectively. Transcriptome analysis of the two mutants and the original strain revealed that the high expression of α/β-hydrolase (ABHD), α-amylase (AMY1), and sugar porter family MFS transporters (SPF-MFS) in the mutants may be related to the synthesis and secretion of pullulan. These results demonstrated the effectiveness of ARTP mutagenesis in <i>A. pullulans</i>, providing a basis for the investigation of genes related to pullulan synthesis and secretion.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":8279,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Microbiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141974995","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Induction and comparative resuscitation of viable but nonculturable state on Vibrio parahaemolyticus serotypes O3:K6 and O1:K25","authors":"Rohini Ramesh,&nbsp;Karuppanan Sathiyamurthy,&nbsp;Velmurugan Meganathan,&nbsp;Baskaran Athmanathan","doi":"10.1007/s00203-024-04102-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00203-024-04102-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><i>Vibrio parahaemolyticus</i>, an important food-borne pathogens found to be associated with seafoods and marine environs. It has been a topic of debate for many decades that most pathogens are known to enter a viable but nonculturable (VBNC) state under cold temperature and nutrient limited conditions. The present study examined the time required for the induction of VBNC state and the revival strategies of both the endemic O3:K6 and O1:K25 sporadic strains of <i>V. parahaemolyticus.</i> The results revealed that <i>V. parahaemolyticus</i> survived even after 55 days of incubation in nutrient starved media such as phosphate buffered saline (PBS) and Coastal Water (CW) and could be recovered by temperature upshift method, and compared the resuscitation using Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle Medium (DMEM), sheep blood serum, chitin flakes with live <i>Artemia salina</i>, and the results suggests that chitin plays a significant role in regulating the VBNC state. It was also confirmed by Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy (CLSM) and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) analysis that VBNC cells can alter their morphology to coccoid forms in order to survive in most extreme nutrient limited environment. Further data on the promoting factors and the exact mechanism that resuscitate VBNC <i>V. parahaemolyticus</i> in cold natural environments and frozen foods are needed to perform a robust risk assessment.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8279,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Microbiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141974996","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comprehensive review on Haloalkane dehalogenase (LinB): a β-hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH) degrading enzyme","authors":"Helianthous Verma,&nbsp;Jasvinder Kaur,&nbsp;Vasundhara Thakur,&nbsp;Gauri Garg Dhingra,&nbsp;Rup Lal","doi":"10.1007/s00203-024-04105-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00203-024-04105-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Haloalkane dehalogenase, LinB, is a member of the α/β hydrolase family of enzymes. It has a wide range of halogenated substrates, but, has been mostly studied in context of degradation of hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH) isomers, especially β-HCH (5–12% of total HCH isomers), which is the most recalcitrant and persistent among all the HCH isomers. LinB was identified to directly act on β-HCH in a one or two step transformation which decreases its toxicity manifold. Thereafter, many studies focused on LinB including its structure determination using X-ray crystallographic studies, structure comparison with other haloalkane dehalogenases, substrate specificity and kinetic studies, protein engineering and site-directed mutagenesis studies in search of better catalytic activity of the enzyme. LinB was mainly identified and characterized in bacteria belonging to sphingomonads. Detailed sequence comparison of LinB from different sphingomonads further revealed the residues critical for its activity and ability to catalyze either one or two step transformation of β-HCH. Association of LinB with IS<i>6100</i> elements is also being discussed in detail in sphingomonads. In this review, we summarized vigorous efforts done by different research groups on LinB for developing better bioremediation strategies against HCH contamination. Also, kinetic studies, protein engineering and site directed mutagenesis studies discussed here forms the basis of further exploration of LinB’s role as an efficient enzyme in bioremediation projects.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8279,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Microbiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141981559","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterization of a novel phage against multidrug-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae","authors":"Lili Yang,&nbsp;Chao Wang,&nbsp;Yuan Zeng,&nbsp;Yuqin Song,&nbsp;Gang Zhang,&nbsp;Dawei Wei,&nbsp;Yalin Li,&nbsp;Jie Feng","doi":"10.1007/s00203-024-04106-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00203-024-04106-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Multidrug-resistant <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i> (MDR-KP) poses a significant challenge in global healthcare, underscoring the urgency for innovative therapeutic approaches. Phage therapy emerges as a promising strategy amidst rising antibiotic resistance, emphasizing the crucial need to identify and characterize effective phage resources for clinical use. In this study, we introduce a novel lytic phage, RCIP0100, distinguished by its classification into the <i>Chaoyangvirus</i> genus and <i>Fjlabviridae</i> family based on International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) criteria due to low genetic similarity to known phage families. Our findings demonstrate that RCIP0100 exhibits broad lytic activity against 15 out of 27 tested MDR-KP strains, including diverse profiles such as carbapenem-resistant <i>K. pneumoniae</i> (CR-KP). This positions phage RCIP0100 as a promising candidate for phage therapy. Strains resistant to RCIP0100 also showed increased susceptibility to various antibiotics, implying the potential for synergistic use of RCIP0100 and antibiotics as a strategic countermeasure against MDR-KP.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8279,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Microbiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141981558","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}