Archives of Microbiology最新文献

{"title":"Evaluation of the antibacterial activity and mechanism of cannabigerol against drug-resistant Streptococcus iniae in vitro","authors":"Jianing Wu,&nbsp;Minmin Wang,&nbsp;Tingke He,&nbsp;Xiaonan Li,&nbsp;Bowen Liu,&nbsp;Fen Chen,&nbsp;Yi Geng,&nbsp;Weiming Lai,&nbsp;Xiaoli Huang,&nbsp;Defang Chen,&nbsp;Ping Ouyang","doi":"10.1007/s00203-025-04311-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00203-025-04311-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study aimed to investigate the antibacterial effects and mechanism of cannabigerol against drug-resistant <i>Streptococcus iniae</i>. The determination of antibacterial activity was based on the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC), growth curve analysis, time-kill assay, biofilm inhibition and eradication assessments. The antibacterial mechanism was explored by DNA leakage assay, assessment of cell membrane permeability, evaluation of cell membrane integrity, measurement of membrane potential, determination of respiratory chain dehydrogenase activity, and examination by using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The results demonstrated that cannabigerol effectively inhibited the growth and biofilm formation of <i>Streptococcus iniae in vitro</i>. Mechanistically, cannabigerol induced DNA leakage, impaired cell membrane integrity, hyperpolarized membrane potential, and reduced respiratory chain dehydrogenase activity in <i>S. iniae</i>. In conclusion, these findings suggest that cannabigerol inhibited the growth of <i>S. iniae</i> by disrupting the cell membrane.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8279,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Microbiology","volume":"207 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143716662","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phenotypic heterogeneity and pathogenicity of Listeria monocytogenes under complex salinities of bile salts and sodium salts stress","authors":"Xiaoyan Zhou,&nbsp;Yingying Guo,&nbsp;Yingjie Pan,&nbsp;Yong Zhao,&nbsp;Haiquan Liu","doi":"10.1007/s00203-025-04272-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00203-025-04272-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><i>Listeria monocytogenes</i> is a foodborne pathogen that is widespread in the environment and food, and can cause zoonotic diseases. Previous studies have explored its growth under various environmental stressors, but little is known about its behavior under the complex effects of bile salts and sodium salts. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the differences of different salinities (Brain Heart Infusion (BHI) and BHI medium with 0.90% NaCl, 0.50% NaCl + 0.04% bile salts, and 0.90% NaCl + 0.04% bile salts) on growth, motility, biofilm formation, and virulence of <i>L. monocytogenes</i>. This study also artificially simulated <i>L. monocytogenes</i> contamination in pork samples. The results showed that the maximum specific growth rate (<i>μ</i>_<i>max</i>) of 40 <i>L. monocytogenes</i> isolates was significantly reduced and the lag time (LT) was significantly prolonged under the complex salinity treatment, exhibiting greater growth heterogeneity; serotype 4b isolates exhibited strong resistance under complex salinities. <i>L. monocytogenes</i> biofilm formation was significantly reduced with the increase in complex salinities, motility was inhibited, and pathogenicity was enhanced, especially in serotype 1/2c isolates. Furthermore, the complex salinities also caused damage to the cell membrane of <i>L. monocytogenes</i>. <i>L. monocytogenes</i> grew wildly in pork samples, while its growth was inhibited when bile salts were added to form the complex salinities environment. These results highlight the phenotypic heterogeneity and pathogenicity of <i>L. monocytogenes</i> under complex salinities, offering insights for better risk assessment and pathogen control in food safety.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8279,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Microbiology","volume":"207 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143698561","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unveiling the diversity of gut microbes in green lacewings (Chrysopidae: Neuroptera) and their role as protagonist in nutrition","authors":"N. Karkuzhali,&nbsp;Y. S. Johnson Thangaraj Edward,&nbsp;N. Chitra,&nbsp;M. Senthilkumar,&nbsp;J. Ramalingam","doi":"10.1007/s00203-025-04289-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00203-025-04289-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Green lacewings (Chrysopidae; Neuroptera) plays a crucial role as predators against insect pests in diverse cropping systems. Larval chrysopids are predatory on mealybugs, aphids, scales, whiteflies, mites and eggs of many arthropods. Adults are palynoglycophagous and feed on nectar, pollen, and honeydew secreted by aphids. Many insects cannot synthesize necessary vitamins and amino acids on their own and depend on gut microbes. Microbes associated with chrysopid gut help them with balanced nutrition and ecological fitness to withstand extreme stresses, especially adult gut microbiota, which constitutes an indispensable part of nutrients in addition to reproduction. Except for yeast, microbes such as bacteria in the chrysopid larval and adult gut have not been extensively studied. This review aims to seek a comprehensive overview of the gut microbes present in the chrysopids and their role in improving the fitness of chrysopids through adequate nutrition. This will pave the way for further research on understanding the microbe-mediated metabolic activities, their role in toxin production, and the development of probiotic feed from the novel gut microbiota for improving the productivity of laboratory-reared chrysopids used in augmentative biological control of major pests in agricultural ecosystems.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":8279,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Microbiology","volume":"207 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143676317","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"GepA, a GGDEF-EAL protein, regulates biofilm formation and swimming motility in Vibrio parahaemolyticus","authors":"Miaomiao Zhang,&nbsp;Yurui Zhu,&nbsp;Xue Li,&nbsp;Xi Luo,&nbsp;Hui Sun,&nbsp;Shuhui Xiong,&nbsp;Renfei Lu,&nbsp;Yiquan Zhang","doi":"10.1007/s00203-025-04282-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00203-025-04282-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Cyclic diguanylate monophosphate (c-di-GMP) is a second messenger that regulates multiple bacterial behaviors. It is synthesized by diguanylate cyclase (DGC) with the GGDEF domain, and degraded by phosphodiesterase (PDE) with the EAL or HD-GYP domain. The GepA (VP0117) protein in <i>Vibrio parahaemolyticus</i> contains both GGDEF and EAL domains, but its role remains unknown. This study found that deletion of the EAL domain or both the GGDEF and EAL domains in GepA increased intracellular c-di-GMP levels, enhanced biofilm formation, and inhibited polar flagellum-mediated swimming motility. Deletion of only the GGDEF domain had no such effects. Additionally, removing the EAL domain or both the GGDEF and EAL domains increased <i>cpsA</i> expression and decreased polar flagellar gene expression, while deleting the GGDEF domain alone had no impact on these genes. Overexpression of GepA or a GepA variant with a mutated GGDEF domain reduced biofilm formation but increased swimming motility. However, overexpression of GepA with a mutated EAL domain did not produce the expected phenotypic changes. In summary, GepA functions as a PDE to degrade c-di-GMP, thereby suppressing biofilm formation and enhancing swimming motility in <i>V. parahaemolyticus</i>.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8279,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Microbiology","volume":"207 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143668052","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transcriptomics with metabolomics reveals the mechanism of alkaline tolerance in Halomonas alkalicola CICC 11012s","authors":"Ruina Liu,&nbsp;Geer Lin,&nbsp;Qi Han,&nbsp;Shuaicheng Mu,&nbsp;Shuang Liu,&nbsp;Su Yao,&nbsp;Lei Zhai","doi":"10.1007/s00203-025-04265-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00203-025-04265-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The potential of alkaline-tolerant bacteria as cell factories for the production of functional molecules and bulk chemicals has been increasingly recognized owing to in-depth studies of their metabolic pathways and products combined with their tolerance to alkaline environments. To further explore the cell factory potential of alkaline-tolerant bacteria, it is necessary to systematically analyze and explore the genes and metabolites related to alkaline tolerance. <i>Halomonas alkalicola</i> CICC 11012s is currently the strongest alkaliphile of the genus <i>Halomonas</i>, which can grow at pH 12.5. This study aimed to elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying the response of <i>H. alkalicola</i> CICC 11012s to alkaline stress, using transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses. The expression of 259 genes and 401 metabolites was significantly altered. Important metabolic pathways included nucleotide, amino acid, and carbohydrate metabolism, as well as membrane transport. Furthermore, an integrative pathway analysis revealed that two pathways, glycine, serine, and threonine metabolism and biotin metabolism, were significantly enriched under high-alkaline conditions (pH 11.0). These findings highlight that deletion of the gene cluster <i>tonB-exbB-exbB2-exbD</i> significantly affects the synthesis of L-aspartate, leading to a decrease in the alkaline tolerance of <i>H. alkalicola</i>.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8279,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Microbiology","volume":"207 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143668184","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The importance role of central proline to the antimicrobial potency and selectivity of indolicidin","authors":"Hang Ngo Thu,&nbsp;Hoa Ngo Van,&nbsp;Hai Bui Thi Phuong,&nbsp;Thinh Pham Duc,&nbsp;Khanh Hoang Van,&nbsp;Khoa Nguyen Vu,&nbsp;Tan Nguyen Van,&nbsp;Linh Dang Thuy,&nbsp;Le Minh Bui,&nbsp;Tung Truong Thanh,&nbsp;Huy Luong Xuan,&nbsp;Mao Can Van","doi":"10.1007/s00203-025-04299-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00203-025-04299-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The increasing prevalence of multidrug-resistant pathogens urged the development of new therapeutic strategies, and antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) have emerged as promising candidates. Indolicidin, a proline-rich AMP, is effective against a wide range of pathogens by penetrating the membrane to disrupt the cytoplasmic membrane or inhibit DNA synthesis. This study investigates the impact of replacing the central proline residue in Indolicidin with glycine (IND-7G), D-proline (IND-7DP), or lysine (IND-7K). Results show that both glycine and D-proline substitutions significantly reduced antimicrobial activity with lower hemolysis than the parent peptide. Besides, the analog having lysine substitution (IND-7K) slightly increased activity against <i>E. coli</i> and <i>C. albicans</i> but reduced potency against <i>S. aureus</i>, <i>E. faecalis</i>, and <i>K. pneumoniae</i>. The hemolytic activity of IND-7K remained comparable to that of Indolicidin. These findings demonstrated the essential role of proline in maintaining the antimicrobial efficacy of Indolicidin.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8279,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Microbiology","volume":"207 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143668093","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"New insights into iron uptake in Streptococcus mutans: evidence for a role of siderophore-like molecules","authors":"Shakti Chandra Vadhana Marimuthu,&nbsp;Esakkimuthu Thangamariappan,&nbsp;Selvaraj Kunjiappan,&nbsp;Sureshbabu Ram Kumar Pandian,&nbsp;Krishnan Sundar","doi":"10.1007/s00203-025-04284-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00203-025-04284-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><i>Streptococcus mutans</i>, a gram-positive coccus commonly found in the human oral cavity, is the primary causative agent of dental caries as well as infective endocarditis. Bacteria produce potent iron chelators called siderophores to absorb iron. Because, there are few studies on siderophore-mediated iron transport in <i>S. mutans</i>, the current study investigates the presence of such a mechanism in <i>S. mutans</i> GS-5. Deferration of culture medium and different concentrations of 2, 2’-Bipyridyl has been used to simulate iron-restricted conditions. Iron restriction alters the colony morphology and slows bacterial growth. Cross-feeding conditioned medium into an iron-restricted medium promotes bacterial growth, indicating the presence of siderophore-like molecules. This was further confirmed by Chrome Azurol S (CAS) assay and Modified CAS-agar assay. Cśaky’s and Arnow’s assays detected the presence of hydroxamate and catecholate-type molecules in optimal and iron-restricted conditions, respectively. Further, the siderophore-like molecules were extracted and purified with thin layer chromatography (TLC). TLC elutes were also found to be positive for iron-chelation in CAS-agar assay and aided growth of <i>S. mutans</i> under iron-restricted conditions. LC-MS analysis of culture supernatants under iron-restricted conditions identified iron-binding small molecules, including a catechol structural motif. Computational analysis utilizing KEGG and BLASTp suggested homologues of siderophore biosynthesis and transport proteins, including genes associated with mutanobactin production. These findings indicate a possible siderophore-mediated iron uptake mechanism in <i>S. mutans</i> GS-5, warranting further molecular studies and advanced spectroscopic characterization of this unidentified siderophore. Once confirmed, this mechanism can be used as a potential drug target to control streptococcal infection.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8279,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Microbiology","volume":"207 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143655293","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Application of R. Palustris in simulated wastewater purification and the degradation mechanism of crystal violet","authors":"Yuanqiang Lv,&nbsp;Yisang Zhang,&nbsp;Xiaoxiao Zhang,&nbsp;Jie Chu,&nbsp;Yanhua Huang","doi":"10.1007/s00203-025-04304-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00203-025-04304-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Azo dyes and triphenylmethane dyes poses a large threat to human health, There are many ways to degrade dyes while biodegraded are considered simpler, environmentally friendly, and economical. This study have researched the ability of <i>Rhodopseudomonas palustris</i> (<i>R. palustris</i>) to degrade multiple dyes. In this study, the ability of <i>R. palustris</i> to degrade multiple dyes was investigated. Specifically, the degradation efficiency of <i>R. palustris</i> for crystal violet (CV), malachite green (MG), congo red (CR), as well as COD, inorganic phosphorus, nitro, and nitroso compounds in simulated wastewater was evaluated using colorimetric methods. CV was selected for further analysis, and its intermediate metabolites were characterized using UV-vis spectroscopy, GC-MS, and HPLC-MS. Additionally, the gene expression levels of key enzymes involved in CV degradation were analyzed by RT-PCR, and a potential degradation pathway for CV was proposed. The results demonstrated that the degradation rates of CV, MG, and CR in simulated wastewater reached 97%, 92%, and 58%, respectively. Meanwhile, the degradation rates of COD, inorganic phosphorus, nitro, and nitroso compounds were up to 89.51%, 92.83%, 86.49%, and 85.91%, respectively. The intermediate metabolites of CV degradation by <i>R. palustris</i> included leucocrystal violet, triphenylmethane, and phenol. Notably, the gene expression levels of NADH-QO, NADH-FO, P450, Mett, and Nir were upregulated in the presence of CV. Based on these findings, a potential degradation pathway for CV by <i>R. palustris</i> was proposed: CV undergoes deamination via nitroreductase, followed by triphenylmethane cleavage into benzene and methylbenzene through oxidoreductases. Methylbenzene is then converted to phenol by methyltransferase. Although a potential degradation pathway for CV by <i>R. palustris</i> has been proposed, it remains a hypothesis. It still need to comprehensively investigate the genes associated with dye degradation in <i>R. palustris</i> through transcriptomics and to further validate the crystal violet degradation pathway proposed in this study.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8279,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Microbiology","volume":"207 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143655376","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the multifaceted roles of histone deacetylase inhibitor vorinostat in the cell growth, mycelial morphology, pigments, and citrinin biosynthesis of Monascus purpureus","authors":"Run-Ya Li,&nbsp;Chen-Yu Zhang,&nbsp;Shaoxiang Xiao,&nbsp;Xin-Yi Liu,&nbsp;Ru-Xue Li,&nbsp;Jing Li,&nbsp;Hao Li,&nbsp;Jun Liu","doi":"10.1007/s00203-025-04300-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00203-025-04300-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Acetylation is an important modification type of histones, which is dynamically regulated by histone acetyltransferases (HATs) and histone deacetylases (HDACs). In this study, the histone acetylation level of <i>Monascus</i> was enhanced through the exogenous addition of the HDACs inhibitor vorinostat, and the regulation effects of histone acetylation on cell growth and secondary metabolism were evaluated. The results demonstrated that the augmentation of histone acetylation level could slightly facilitate sugar consumption, increase biomass weight, and significantly induce noticeable morphological alterations. Furthermore, in the presence of 80 μmol/L vorinostat concentration, there was a significant reduction observed in both extracellular and intracellular <i>Monascus</i> pigments, citrinin productions, with decreases of 35.46%, 63.90%, and 98.33% respectively. RT-qPCR results showed that adding vorinostat resulted in the up-regulation of HAT genes and down-regulation of HDAC genes. Additionally, transcriptome analysis revealed that glycolysis, tricarboxylic acid cycle, fatty acid metabolism, cell membrane anchor-protein related genes, and biosynthetic pathways involved in ergosterol and chitin synthesis were upregulated. Conversely, the electron transport chain and genetic clusters associated with <i>Monascus</i> pigments and citrinin synthesis were down-regulated. These findings underscore the pivotal role of histone acetylation in regulating the cell growth and secondary metabolism of <i>M. purpureus</i> and extend novel perspectives on the potential applications of clinical compounds derived from this process.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8279,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Microbiology","volume":"207 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143655375","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative genomics reveals genetic diversity and differential metabolic potentials of the species of Arachnia and suggests reclassification of Arachnia propionica E10012 (=NBRC_14587) as novel species","authors":"Roja Suresh,&nbsp;Susanthika Jayachandiran,&nbsp;Pratebha Balu,&nbsp;Dhamodharan Ramasamy","doi":"10.1007/s00203-025-04302-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00203-025-04302-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The genus <i>Arachnia</i>, including <i>Arachnia propionica</i> and <i>Arachnia rubra</i>, are part of the normal oral and respiratory microbiota but can act as opportunistic pathogens in humans. This study investigates the functional, phylogenomic and taxonomic characteristics of 10 completely sequenced <i>Arachnia</i> strains, to elucidate their evolutionary relationships and divergence patterns, focusing on genomic variability and functional diversity. Phylogenetic analyses revealed distinct patterns, with <i>Arachnia propionica</i> strains showing significant divergence compared to the conserved <i>Arachnia rubra</i> strains. Notably, E10012 (=NBRC 14587) emerged as a distinct lineage with unique adaptations, while NCTC11666 exhibited a unique phylogenetic position, suggesting subspecies-level classification. Functional analyses highlighted variability among <i>Arachnia propionica</i> strains, with E10012 (=NBRC 14587) showing genes linked to choline metabolism and metal resistance, and NCTC11666 enriched in carbohydrate-active enzymes like GH179. In contrast, <i>Arachnia rubra</i> demonstrated genomic conservation, indicative of evolutionary specialization. This study reveals that strains E10012 (=NBRC 14587) and NCTC11666 displayed unique genomic features and distinct phylogenetic positioning, suggesting their reclassification as potential novel species and subspecies respectively. This underscores the balance between genomic conservation and diversification in <i>Arachnia</i>, reflecting their ecological adaptability and functional roles in the oral microbiome.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8279,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Microbiology","volume":"207 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143645505","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}