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Annual review of immunology最新文献

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Not Dead Yet. 还没死。
IF 29.7 1区 医学
Annual review of immunology Pub Date : 2023-04-26 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-immunol-101721-065214
Betty Diamond
{"title":"Not Dead Yet.","authors":"Betty Diamond","doi":"10.1146/annurev-immunol-101721-065214","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-immunol-101721-065214","url":null,"abstract":"I have been a scientific grasshopper throughout my career, moving from question to question within the domain of lupus. This has proven to be immensely gratifying. Scientific exploration is endlessly fascinating, and succeeding in studies you care about with colleagues and trainees leads to strong and lasting bonds. Science isn't easy; being a woman in science presents challenges, but the drive to understand a disease remains strong.","PeriodicalId":8271,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of immunology","volume":"41 ","pages":"1-15"},"PeriodicalIF":29.7,"publicationDate":"2023-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9411353","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
T Cell Responses to SARS-CoV-2. T细胞对新冠病毒的反应
IF 29.7 1区 医学
Annual review of immunology Pub Date : 2023-04-26 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-immunol-101721-061120
Alessandro Sette, John Sidney, Shane Crotty
{"title":"T Cell Responses to SARS-CoV-2.","authors":"Alessandro Sette,&nbsp;John Sidney,&nbsp;Shane Crotty","doi":"10.1146/annurev-immunol-101721-061120","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-immunol-101721-061120","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A large body of evidence generated in the last two and a half years addresses the roles of T cells in SARS-CoV-2 infection and following vaccination. Infection or vaccination induces multi-epitope CD4 and CD8 T cell responses with polyfunctionality. Early T cell responses have been associated with mild COVID-19 outcomes. In concert with animal model data, these results suggest that while antibody responses are key to prevent infection, T cell responses may also play valuable roles in reducing disease severity and controlling infection. T cell memory after vaccination is sustained for at least six months. While neutralizing antibody responses are impacted by SARS-CoV-2 variants, most CD4 and CD8 T cell responses are preserved. This review highlights the extensive progress made, and the data and knowledge gaps that remain, in our understanding of T cell responses to SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 vaccines.</p>","PeriodicalId":8271,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of immunology","volume":"41 ","pages":"343-373"},"PeriodicalIF":29.7,"publicationDate":"2023-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9750288","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 25
IL-4 and IL-13: Regulators and Effectors of Wound Repair. IL-4 和 IL-13：伤口修复的调节因子和效应因子
IF 29.7 1区 医学
Annual review of immunology Pub Date : 2023-04-26 Epub Date: 2023-02-03 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-immunol-101921-041206
Judith E Allen
{"title":"IL-4 and IL-13: Regulators and Effectors of Wound Repair.","authors":"Judith E Allen","doi":"10.1146/annurev-immunol-101921-041206","DOIUrl":"10.1146/annurev-immunol-101921-041206","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Type 2 immunity mediates protective responses to helminths and pathological responses to allergens, but it also has broad roles in the maintenance of tissue integrity, including wound repair. Type 2 cytokines are known to promote fibrosis, an overzealous repair response, but their contribution to healthy wound repair is less well understood. This review discusses the evidence that the canonical type 2 cytokines, IL-4 and IL-13, are integral to the tissue repair process through two main pathways. First, essential for the progression of effective tissue repair, IL-4 and IL-13 suppress the initial inflammatory response to injury. Second, these cytokines regulate how the extracellular matrix is modified, broken down, and rebuilt for effective repair. IL-4 and/or IL-13 amplifies multiple aspects of the tissue repair response, but many of these pathways are highly redundant and can be induced by other signals. Therefore, the exact contribution of IL-4Rα signaling remains difficult to unravel.</p>","PeriodicalId":8271,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of immunology","volume":"41 ","pages":"229-254"},"PeriodicalIF":29.7,"publicationDate":"2023-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9468347","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Interfering with Interferons: A Critical Mechanism for Critical COVID-19 Pneumonia. 干扰素干扰:COVID-19重症肺炎的关键机制
IF 26.9 1区 医学
Annual review of immunology Pub Date : 2023-04-26 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-immunol-101921-050835
Helen C Su, Huie Jing, Yu Zhang, Jean-Laurent Casanova
{"title":"Interfering with Interferons: A Critical Mechanism for Critical COVID-19 Pneumonia.","authors":"Helen C Su, Huie Jing, Yu Zhang, Jean-Laurent Casanova","doi":"10.1146/annurev-immunol-101921-050835","DOIUrl":"10.1146/annurev-immunol-101921-050835","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Infection with SARS-CoV-2 results in clinical outcomes ranging from silent or benign infection in most individuals to critical pneumonia and death in a few. Genetic studies in patients have established that critical cases can result from inborn errors of TLR3- or TLR7-dependent type I interferon immunity, or from preexisting autoantibodies neutralizing primarily IFN-α and/or IFN-ω. These findings are consistent with virological studies showing that multiple SARS-CoV-2 proteins interfere with pathways of induction of, or response to, type I interferons. They are also congruent with cellular studies and mouse models that found that type I interferons can limit SARS-CoV-2 replication in vitro and in vivo, while their absence or diminution unleashes viral growth. Collectively, these findings point to insufficient type I interferon during the first days of infection as a general mechanism underlying critical COVID-19 pneumonia, with implications for treatment and directions for future research.</p>","PeriodicalId":8271,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of immunology","volume":"41 ","pages":"561-585"},"PeriodicalIF":26.9,"publicationDate":"2023-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9474265","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Effector-Triggered Immunity. Effector-Triggered免疫力。
IF 29.7 1区 医学
Annual review of immunology Pub Date : 2023-04-26 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-immunol-101721-031732
Brenna C Remick, Moritz M Gaidt, Russell E Vance
{"title":"Effector-Triggered Immunity.","authors":"Brenna C Remick,&nbsp;Moritz M Gaidt,&nbsp;Russell E Vance","doi":"10.1146/annurev-immunol-101721-031732","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-immunol-101721-031732","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The innate immune system detects pathogens via germline-encoded receptors that bind to conserved pathogen ligands called pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs). Here we consider an additional strategy of pathogen sensing called effector-triggered immunity (ETI). ETI involves detection of pathogen-encoded virulence factors, also called effectors. Pathogens produce effectors to manipulate hosts to create a replicative niche and/or block host immunity. Unlike PAMPs, effectors are often diverse and rapidly evolving and can thus be unsuitable targets for direct detection by germline-encoded receptors. Effectors are instead often sensed indirectly via detection of their virulence activities. ETI is a viable strategy for pathogen sensing and is used across diverse phyla, including plants, but the molecular mechanisms of ETI are complex compared to simple receptor/ligand-based PAMP detection. Here we survey the mechanisms and functions of ETI, with a particular focus on emerging insights from animal studies. We suggest that many examples of ETI may remain to be discovered, hiding in plain sight throughout immunology.</p>","PeriodicalId":8271,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of immunology","volume":"41 ","pages":"453-481"},"PeriodicalIF":29.7,"publicationDate":"2023-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9750289","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 7
The Immunological Conundrum of Endogenous Retroelements. 内源性逆转录因子的免疫学难题。
IF 29.7 1区 医学
Annual review of immunology Pub Date : 2023-04-26 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-immunol-101721-033341
George Kassiotis
{"title":"The Immunological Conundrum of Endogenous Retroelements.","authors":"George Kassiotis","doi":"10.1146/annurev-immunol-101721-033341","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-immunol-101721-033341","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Our defenses against infection rely on the ability of the immune system to distinguish invading pathogens from self. This task is exceptionally challenging, if not seemingly impossible, in the case of retroviruses that have integrated almost seamlessly into the host. This review examines the limits of innate and adaptive immune responses elicited by endogenous retroviruses and other retroelements, the targets of immune recognition, and the consequences for host health and disease. Contrary to theoretical expectation, endogenous retroelements retain substantial immunogenicity, which manifests most profoundly when their epigenetic repression is compromised, contributing to autoinflammatory and autoimmune disease and age-related inflammation. Nevertheless, recent evidence suggests that regulated immune reactivity to endogenous retroelements is integral to immune system development and function, underpinning cancer immunosurveillance, resistance to infection, and responses to the microbiota. Elucidation of the interaction points with endogenous retroelements will therefore deepen our understanding of immune system function and contribution to disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":8271,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of immunology","volume":"41 ","pages":"99-125"},"PeriodicalIF":29.7,"publicationDate":"2023-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7615088/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10660474","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 8
Biomaterials-Mediated Engineering of the Immune System. 生物材料介导的免疫系统工程。
IF 29.7 1区 医学
Annual review of immunology Pub Date : 2023-04-26 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-immunol-101721-040259
Coralie Backlund, Sasan Jalili-Firoozinezhad, Byungji Kim, Darrell J Irvine
{"title":"Biomaterials-Mediated Engineering of the Immune System.","authors":"Coralie Backlund,&nbsp;Sasan Jalili-Firoozinezhad,&nbsp;Byungji Kim,&nbsp;Darrell J Irvine","doi":"10.1146/annurev-immunol-101721-040259","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-immunol-101721-040259","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Modulation of the immune system is an important therapeutic strategy in a wide range of diseases, and is fundamental to the development of vaccines. However, optimally safe and effective immunotherapy requires precision in the delivery of stimulatory cues to the right cells at the right place and time, to avoid toxic overstimulation in healthy tissues or incorrect programming of the immune response. To this end, biomaterials are being developed to control the location, dose, and timing of vaccines and immunotherapies. Here we discuss fundamental concepts of how biomaterials are used to enhance immune modulation, and evidence from preclinical and clinical studies of how biomaterials-mediated immune engineering can impact the development of new therapeutics. We focus on immunological mechanisms of action and in vivo modulation of the immune system, and we also discuss challenges to be overcome to speed translation of these technologies to the clinic.</p>","PeriodicalId":8271,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of immunology","volume":"41 ","pages":"153-179"},"PeriodicalIF":29.7,"publicationDate":"2023-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10375298/pdf/nihms-1913725.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9890299","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
Natural Killer Cells in the Human Uterine Mucosa. 人子宫黏膜的自然杀伤细胞。
IF 29.7 1区 医学
Annual review of immunology Pub Date : 2023-04-26 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-immunol-102119-075119
Victoria Male, Ashley Moffett
{"title":"Natural Killer Cells in the Human Uterine Mucosa.","authors":"Victoria Male,&nbsp;Ashley Moffett","doi":"10.1146/annurev-immunol-102119-075119","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-immunol-102119-075119","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The presence of granulated lymphocytes in the human uterine mucosa, known as decidua during pregnancy, or endometrium otherwise, was first noted in the nineteenth century, but it was not until 1990 that these cells were identified as a type of natural killer (NK) cell. From the outset, uterine NK (uNK) cells were found to be less cytotoxic than their circulating counterparts, peripheral NK (pNK) cells. Recently, unbiased approaches have defined three subpopulations of uNK cells, all of which cluster separately from pNK cells. Here, we review the history of research into uNK cells, including their ability to interact with placental extravillous trophoblast cells and their potential role in regulating placental implantation. We go on to review more recent advances that focus on uNK cell development and heterogeneity and their potential to defend against infection and to mediate memory effects. Finally, we consider how a better understanding of these cells could be leveraged in the future to improve outcomes of pregnancy for mothers and babies.</p>","PeriodicalId":8271,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of immunology","volume":"41 ","pages":"127-151"},"PeriodicalIF":29.7,"publicationDate":"2023-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9453691","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 7
Immune Mechanisms in Inflammatory Anemia. 炎症性贫血的免疫机制。
IF 26.9 1区 医学
Annual review of immunology Pub Date : 2023-04-26 Epub Date: 2023-02-07 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-immunol-101320-125839
Susan P Canny, Susana L Orozco, Natalie K Thulin, Jessica A Hamerman
{"title":"Immune Mechanisms in Inflammatory Anemia.","authors":"Susan P Canny, Susana L Orozco, Natalie K Thulin, Jessica A Hamerman","doi":"10.1146/annurev-immunol-101320-125839","DOIUrl":"10.1146/annurev-immunol-101320-125839","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Maintaining the correct number of healthy red blood cells (RBCs) is critical for proper oxygenation of tissues throughout the body. Therefore, RBC homeostasis is a tightly controlled balance between RBC production and RBC clearance, through the processes of erythropoiesis and macrophage hemophagocytosis, respectively. However, during the inflammation associated with infectious, autoimmune, or inflammatory diseases this homeostatic process is often dysregulated, leading to acute or chronic anemia. In each disease setting, multiple mechanisms typically contribute to the development of inflammatory anemia, impinging on both sides of the RBC production and RBC clearance equation. These mechanisms include both direct and indirect effects of inflammatory cytokines and innate sensing. Here, we focus on common innate and adaptive immune mechanisms that contribute to inflammatory anemias using examples from several diseases, including hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis/macrophage activation syndrome, severe malarial anemia during <i>Plasmodium</i> infection, and systemic lupus erythematosus, among others.</p>","PeriodicalId":8271,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of immunology","volume":"41 ","pages":"405-429"},"PeriodicalIF":26.9,"publicationDate":"2023-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10367595/pdf/nihms-1903992.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9866945","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Reconciling Mouse and Human Immunology at the Altar of Genetics. 在遗传学的祭坛上调和小鼠与人类的免疫学。
IF 26.9 1区 医学
Annual review of immunology Pub Date : 2023-04-26 Epub Date: 2022-12-16 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-immunol-101721-065201
Philippe Gros, Jean-Laurent Casanova
{"title":"Reconciling Mouse and Human Immunology at the Altar of Genetics.","authors":"Philippe Gros, Jean-Laurent Casanova","doi":"10.1146/annurev-immunol-101721-065201","DOIUrl":"10.1146/annurev-immunol-101721-065201","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Immunity to infection has been extensively studied in humans and mice bearing naturally occurring or experimentally introduced germline mutations. Mouse studies are sometimes neglected by human immunologists, on the basis that mice are not humans and the infections studied are experimental and not natural. Conversely, human studies are sometimes neglected by mouse immunologists, on the basis of the uncontrolled conditions of study and small numbers of patients. However, both sides would agree that the infectious phenotypes of patients with inborn errors of immunity often differ from those of the corresponding mutant mice. Why is that? We argue that this important question is best addressed by revisiting and reinterpreting the findings of both mouse and human studies from a genetic perspective. Greater caution is required for reverse-genetics studies than for forward-genetics studies, but genetic analysis is sufficiently strong to define the studies likely to stand the test of time. Genetically robust mouse and human studies can provide invaluable complementary insights into the mechanisms of immunity to infection common and specific to these two species.</p>","PeriodicalId":8271,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of immunology","volume":"41 ","pages":"39-71"},"PeriodicalIF":26.9,"publicationDate":"2023-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9481266","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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