Annual review of phytopathology最新文献

{"title":"Shedding the Light on Powdery Mildew: The Use of Optical Irradiation in Management of the Disease.","authors":"Aruppillai Suthaparan, Arne Stensvand","doi":"10.1146/annurev-phyto-021622-115201","DOIUrl":"10.1146/annurev-phyto-021622-115201","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Ultraviolet (UV) irradiation below 300 nm may control powdery mildew in numerous crops. Depending on disease pressure, wavelength, and crop growth stage, one to three applications of 100-200 J/m2 per week at night are as effective or better than the best fungicides. Higher doses may harm the plants and reduce yields. Although red light alone or in combination with UV has a suppressive effect on powdery mildew, concomitant or subsequent exposure to blue light or UV-A strongly reduces the efficacy of UV treatments. To be effective, direct exposure of the pathogen/infection sites to UV/red light is important, but there are clear indications for the involvement of induced resistance in the host. Other pathogens and pests are susceptible to UV, but the effective dose may be phytotoxic. Although there are certain limitations, this technology is gradually becoming more used in both protected and open-field commercial production systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":8251,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of phytopathology","volume":" ","pages":"289-308"},"PeriodicalIF":9.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141320437","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular Dialogue During Host Manipulation by the Vascular Wilt Fungus <i>Fusarium oxysporum</i>.","authors":"Vidha Srivastava, Kuntal Patra, Hsuan Pai, Maria Victoria Aguilar-Pontes, Aileen Berasategui, Avinash Kamble, Antonio Di Pietro, Amey Redkar","doi":"10.1146/annurev-phyto-021722-034823","DOIUrl":"10.1146/annurev-phyto-021722-034823","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Vascular wilt fungi are a group of hemibiotrophic phytopathogens that infect diverse crop plants. These pathogens have adapted to thrive in the nutrient-deprived niche of the plant xylem. Identification and functional characterization of effectors and their role in the establishment of compatibility across multiple hosts, suppression of plant defense, host reprogramming, and interaction with surrounding microbes have been studied mainly in model vascular wilt pathogens <i>Fusarium oxysporum</i> and <i>Verticillium dahliae</i>. Comparative analysis of genomes from fungal isolates has accelerated our understanding of genome compartmentalization and its role in effector evolution. Also, advances in recent years have shed light on the cross talk of root-infecting fungi across multiple scales from the cellular to the ecosystem level, covering their interaction with the plant microbiome as well as their interkingdom signaling. This review elaborates on our current understanding of the cross talk between vascular wilt fungi and the host plant, which eventually leads to a specialized lifestyle in the xylem. We particularly focus on recent findings in <i>F. oxysporum</i>, including multihost associations, and how they have contributed to understanding the biology of fungal adaptation to the xylem. In addition, we discuss emerging research areas and highlight open questions and future challenges.</p>","PeriodicalId":8251,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of phytopathology","volume":" ","pages":"97-126"},"PeriodicalIF":9.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141417524","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phytopathogens Reprogram Host Alternative mRNA Splicing","authors":"Tarek Hewezi","doi":"10.1146/annurev-phyto-121423-041908","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-phyto-121423-041908","url":null,"abstract":"Alternative splicing (AS) is an evolutionarily conserved cellular process in eukaryotes in which multiple messenger RNA (mRNA) transcripts are produced from a single gene. The concept that AS adds to transcriptome complexity and proteome diversity introduces a new perspective for understanding how phytopathogen-induced alterations in host AS cause diseases. Recently, it has been recognized that AS represents an integral component of the plant immune system during parasitic, commensalistic, and symbiotic interactions. Here, I provide an overview of recent progress detailing the reprogramming of plant AS by phytopathogens and the functional implications on disease phenotypes. Additionally, I discuss the vital function of AS of immune receptors in regulating plant immunity and how phytopathogens use effector proteins to target key components of the splicing machinery and exploit alternatively spliced variants of immune regulators to negate defense responses. Finally, the functional association between AS and nonsense-mediated mRNA decay in the context of plant–pathogen interface is recapitulated.","PeriodicalId":8251,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of phytopathology","volume":"60 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":10.2,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140836373","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Management of Huanglongbing of Citrus: Lessons from São Paulo and Florida","authors":"James H. Graham, Renato B. Bassanezi, William O. Dawson, Rick Dantzler","doi":"10.1146/annurev-phyto-121423-041921","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-phyto-121423-041921","url":null,"abstract":"São Paulo, Brazil, and Florida, USA, were the two major orange production areas in the world until Huanglongbing (HLB) was discovered in São Paulo in 2004 and Florida in 2005. In the absence of resistant citrus varieties, HLB is the most destructive citrus disease known because of the lack of effective tools to reduce spread of the vector, <jats:italic>Diaphorina citri</jats:italic> (Asian citrus psyllid), and transmission of the associated pathogen, <jats:italic>Candidatus</jats:italic> Liberibacter asiaticus. In both countries, a three-pronged management approach was recommended and begun: planting only disease-free nursery trees, effective psyllid control, and removal of all symptomatic trees. In Brazil, these management procedures were continued and improved and resulted in relatively little overall loss of production. In contrast, in Florida the citrus industry has been devastated with annual production reduced by approximately 80%. This review compares and contrasts various cultural and pest management strategies that have been used to reduce infection by the pathogen and increase tolerance of HLB in the main orange-growing regions in the world.","PeriodicalId":8251,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of phytopathology","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":10.2,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140836788","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Re-Envisioning the Plant Disease Triangle by Integration of Host Microbiota and a Pivot in Focus to Health Outcomes","authors":"Johan H.J. Leveau","doi":"10.1146/annurev-phyto-121423-042021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-phyto-121423-042021","url":null,"abstract":"The disease triangle is a structurally simple but conceptually rich model that is used in plant pathology and other fields of study to explain infectious disease as an outcome of the three-way relationship between a host, a pathogen, and their environment. It also serves as a guide for finding solutions to treat, predict, and prevent such diseases. With the omics-driven, evidence-based realization that the abundance and activity of a pathogen are impacted by proximity to and interaction with a diverse multitude of other microorganisms colonizing the same host, the disease triangle evolved into a tetrahedron shape, which features an added fourth dimension representing the host-associated microbiota. Another variant of the disease triangle emerged from the recently formulated pathobiome paradigm, which deviates from the classical “one pathogen” etiology of infectious disease in favor of a scenario in which disease represents a conditional outcome of complex interactions between and among a host, its microbiota (including microbes with pathogenic potential), and the environment. The result is a version of the original disease triangle where “pathogen” is substituted with “microbiota.” Here, as part of a careful and concise review of the origin, history, and usage of the disease triangle, I propose a next step in its evolution, which is to replace the word “disease” in the center of the host–microbiota–environment triad with the word “health.” This triangle highlights health as a desirable outcome (rather than disease as an unwanted state) and as an emergent property of host–microbiota–environment interactions. Applied to the discipline of plant pathology, the health triangle offers an expanded range of targets and approaches for the diagnosis, prediction, restoration, and maintenance of plant health outcomes. Its applications are not restricted to infectious diseases only, and its underlying framework is more inclusive of all microbial contributions to plant well-being, including those by mycorrhizal fungi and nitrogen-fixing bacteria, for which there never was a proper place in the plant disease triangle. The plant health triangle also may have an edge as an education and communication tool to convey and stress the importance of healthy plants and their associated microbiota to a broader public and stakeholdership.","PeriodicalId":8251,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of phytopathology","volume":"36 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":10.2,"publicationDate":"2024-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140836293","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Combined Retrospective-Prospective Cohort Study to Know the Risk of Sensorineural Hearing Loss in Patients of Drug Resistant TB Receiving Anti Tuberculous Treatment (ATT) at Tertiary Care Centre in South Gujarat.","authors":"Khushi N Bhavsar, Anandkumar V Chaudhari, Jahanvika M Chauhan, Rahulkumar B Patel, Jaymin A Contractor, Khyati D Shamaliya, Pururava J Desai, Prachi P Roy, Hiteshri C Patel","doi":"10.1007/s12070-023-03702-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12070-023-03702-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Combined retrospective-prospective cohort study was done to know the risk of sensorineural hearing loss in patients of drug resistant Tuberculosis (TB) receiving Anti Tuberculous Treatment (ATT) at tertiary care centre in South Gujarat. Study was done by using retrospective and prospective data of the patients of drug resistant TB of NCHS who received injectable ATT and referred by department of Respiratory Medicine to ENT department for purpose of hearing evaluation pre and post treatment (Case cohort). Age and sex matched control cohort was also used which includes patients of non-drug resistant TB who were not receiving Injectable ATT. Incidence of SNHL in patients taking ATT for drug resistant tuberculosis in our study was 33.9%. The Relative Risk of SNHL was 14.3%. The Attributable Risk of SNHL (preventable SNHL) was 93%.</p>","PeriodicalId":8251,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of phytopathology","volume":"12 1","pages":"3185-3190"},"PeriodicalIF":9.1,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10645687/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86003618","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Kitaviruses: A Window to Atypical Plant Viruses Causing Nonsystemic Diseases.","authors":"Pedro Luis Ramos-González,&nbsp;Gabriella Dias Arena,&nbsp;Aline Daniele Tassi,&nbsp;Camila Chabi-Jesus,&nbsp;Elliot Watanabe Kitajima,&nbsp;Juliana Freitas-Astúa","doi":"10.1146/annurev-phyto-021622-121351","DOIUrl":"10.1146/annurev-phyto-021622-121351","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Kitaviridae</i> is a family of plant-infecting viruses that have multiple positive-sense, single-stranded RNA genomic segments. Kitaviruses are assigned into the genera <i>Cilevirus</i>, <i>Higrevirus</i>, and <i>Blunervirus</i>, mainly on the basis of the diversity of their genomic organization. Cell-to-cell movement of most kitaviruses is provided by the 30K family of proteins or the binary movement block, considered an alternative movement module among plant viruses. Kitaviruses stand out for producing conspicuously unusual locally restricted infections and showing deficient or nonsystemic movement likely resulting from incompatible or suboptimal interactions with their hosts. Transmission of kitaviruses is mediated by mites of many species of the genus <i>Brevipalpus</i> and at least one species of eriophyids. Kitavirus genomes encode numerous orphan open reading frames but RNA-dependent RNA polymerase and the transmembrane helix-containing protein, generically called SP24, typify a close phylogenetic link with arthropod viruses. Kitaviruses infect a large range of host plants and cause diseases of economic concern in crops such as citrus, tomato, passion fruit, tea, and blueberry.</p>","PeriodicalId":8251,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of phytopathology","volume":"61 ","pages":"97-118"},"PeriodicalIF":10.2,"publicationDate":"2023-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10148751","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genome-Enabled Insights into Downy Mildew Biology and Evolution.","authors":"Kyle Fletcher,&nbsp;Richard Michelmore","doi":"10.1146/annurev-phyto-021622-103440","DOIUrl":"10.1146/annurev-phyto-021622-103440","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Oomycetes that cause downy mildew diseases are highly specialized, obligately biotrophic phytopathogens that can have major impacts on agriculture and natural ecosystems. Deciphering the genome sequence of these organisms provides foundational tools to study and deploy control strategies against downy mildew pathogens (DMPs). The recent telomere-to-telomere genome assembly of the DMP <i>Peronospora effusa</i> revealed high levels of synteny with distantly related DMPs, higher than expected repeat content, and previously undescribed architectures. This provides a road map for generating similar high-quality genome assemblies for other oomycetes. This review discusses biological insights made using this and other assemblies, including ancestral chromosome architecture, modes of sexual and asexual variation, the occurrence of heterokaryosis, candidate gene identification, functional validation, and population dynamics. We also discuss future avenues of research likely to be fruitful in studies of DMPs and highlight resources necessary for advancing our understanding and ability to forecast and control disease outbreaks.</p>","PeriodicalId":8251,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of phytopathology","volume":"61 ","pages":"165-183"},"PeriodicalIF":10.2,"publicationDate":"2023-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10148776","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Virulence and Ecology of Agrobacteria in the Context of Evolutionary Genomics.","authors":"Alexandra J Weisberg,&nbsp;Yu Wu,&nbsp;Jeff H Chang,&nbsp;Erh-Min Lai,&nbsp;Chih-Horng Kuo","doi":"10.1146/annurev-phyto-021622-125009","DOIUrl":"10.1146/annurev-phyto-021622-125009","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Among plant-associated bacteria, agrobacteria occupy a special place. These bacteria are feared in the field as agricultural pathogens. They cause abnormal growth deformations and significant economic damage to a broad range of plant species. However, these bacteria are revered in the laboratory as models and tools. They are studied to discover and understand basic biological phenomena and used in fundamental plant research and biotechnology. Agrobacterial pathogenicity and capability for transformation are one and the same and rely on functions encoded largely on their oncogenic plasmids. Here, we synthesize a substantial body of elegant work that elucidated agrobacterial virulence mechanisms and described their ecology. We review findings in the context of the natural diversity that has been recently unveiled for agrobacteria and emphasize their genomics and plasmids. We also identify areas of research that can capitalize on recent findings to further transform our understanding of agrobacterial virulence and ecology.</p>","PeriodicalId":8251,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of phytopathology","volume":"61 ","pages":"1-23"},"PeriodicalIF":10.2,"publicationDate":"2023-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10155160","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Reemergence of Phycopathology: When Algal Biology Meets Ecology and Biosecurity.","authors":"Pedro Murúa,&nbsp;Andrea Garvetto,&nbsp;Suhelen Egan,&nbsp;Claire M M Gachon","doi":"10.1146/annurev-phyto-020620-120425","DOIUrl":"10.1146/annurev-phyto-020620-120425","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Viruses, bacteria, and eukaryotic symbionts interact with algae in a variety of ways to cause disease complexes, often shaping marine and freshwater ecosystems. The advent of phyconomy (a.k.a. seaweed agronomy) represents a need for a greater understanding of algal disease interactions, where underestimated cryptic diversity and lack of phycopathological basis are prospective constraints for algal domestication. Here, we highlight the limited yet increasing knowledge of algal pathogen biodiversity and the ecological interaction with their algal hosts. Finally, we discuss how ecology and cultivation experience contribute to and reinforce aquaculture practice, with the potential to reshape biosecurity policies of seaweed cultivation worldwide.</p>","PeriodicalId":8251,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of phytopathology","volume":"61 ","pages":"231-255"},"PeriodicalIF":10.2,"publicationDate":"2023-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10155189","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}