Cory J Clark,Nicholas Kerry,Maja Graso,Philip E Tetlock
{"title":"Morally offensive scientific findings activate cognitive chicanery.","authors":"Cory J Clark,Nicholas Kerry,Maja Graso,Philip E Tetlock","doi":"10.1111/nyas.70035","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/nyas.70035","url":null,"abstract":"We document a mutually reinforcing set of belief-system defenses-cognitive chicanery-that transform \"morally wrong\" scientific claims into \"empirically wrong\" claims. Five experiments (four preregistered, N = 7040) show that when participants read identical abstracts that varied only in the sociomoral desirability of the conclusions, morally offended participants were likelier to (1) dismiss the writing as incomprehensible (motivated confusion); (2) deny the empirical status of the research question (motivated postmodernism); (3) endorse claims inspired by Schopenhauer's stratagems (The Art of Being Right) and the Central Intelligence Agency's (CIA's) strategies for citizen-saboteurs; and (4) endorse a set of contradictory complaints, including that sample sizes are too small and that anecdotes are more informative than data, that the researchers are both unintelligent and crafty manipulators, and that the findings are both preposterous and old news. These patterns are consistent with motivated cognition, in which individuals seize on easy strategies for neutralizing disturbing knowledge claims, minimizing the need to update beliefs. All strategies were activated at once, in a sort of belief-system \"overkill\" that ensures avoidance of unfortunate epistemic discoveries. Future research should expand on this set of strategies and explore how their deployment may undermine the pursuit of knowledge.","PeriodicalId":8250,"journal":{"name":"Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145031887","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Thongthai Thavornwatanayong,Sigit Wiantoro,Maria E Kaczmarek,Matthew Kantorski,Emily Segovia,Kanelly Reyes,Bao Q Vuong,Susan M Tsang
{"title":"Comparative analysis of bat immunoglobulin constant regions identifies adaptations of bat immunity.","authors":"Thongthai Thavornwatanayong,Sigit Wiantoro,Maria E Kaczmarek,Matthew Kantorski,Emily Segovia,Kanelly Reyes,Bao Q Vuong,Susan M Tsang","doi":"10.1111/nyas.70048","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/nyas.70048","url":null,"abstract":"Our understanding of bat immunoglobulins (Igs) and their functions remains limited despite the importance of Ig activation in both innate and adaptive immune responses. Positive selection is known to act on other immune genes needed to mount adaptive immune responses, suggesting that selection may also act on bat Ig constant regions. To test whether bat Ig constant regions have evolved adaptations related to immunity, we reconstructed the evolutionary relationships of the constant region of bat IgM, IgA, and IgG genes and analyzed their sequences for signs of selection. Our phylogenies yielded topologies that generally agreed with known evolutionary relationships between bat families and indicated that some branches preceding large species radiation underwent positive selection. At the amino acid level, we found positive selection near sites where IgM and IgG constant regions interact with the C1q complex. Positive signals also clustered around sites where IgM and IgA interact with Fc alpha/mu receptor (Fcα/µR) and where IgG interacts with neonatal Fc receptor (FcrRn) and tripartite motif containing 21 (TRIM21). Because Ig binding to C1q, Fcα/µR, FcrRn, and TRIM21 promotes innate and adaptive immune responses in mice and humans, our findings suggest a similar role for Igs in bat immune responses.","PeriodicalId":8250,"journal":{"name":"Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145031866","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Faster rhythmic auditory cueing induced less severe movement abnormalities in people with subclinical psychosis.","authors":"Shu-Mei Wang,Li-Chieh Kuo,Hsiao-Man Hsu","doi":"10.1111/nyas.70036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/nyas.70036","url":null,"abstract":"People with psychotic experiences (PE) have movement abnormalities, including slow movements and uncontrolled movements, which are indicative of transition to psychotic disorders. Rhythmic auditory cueing (RAC) has been indicated to be a promising therapeutic technique for movement abnormalities in people in the psychosis continuum; however, small sample size limited the strength of that conclusion. The aims of our study were to increase the sample size, adopt a repeated measures design, and examine if faster RAC induced faster movements and less uncontrolled movements in both hands in people with PE. A total of 55 people with PE and 55 people without PE were recruited to use the index finger to perform an alternate touching task for each hand while a motion capture system recorded the movement procedure. The subjects were required to follow each beat of the RAC with an individualized original tempo and an individualized fast tempo, the order of which was counterbalanced, when performing the alternate touching task. Faster RAC induced faster movements and less uncontrolled movements in both hands in people with PE. Extensive neural connections between the auditory and motor-related cortices may explain RAC effects on movements in people with PE, who have alterations of basal ganglia and the cerebellum.","PeriodicalId":8250,"journal":{"name":"Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145031891","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Takako Fujioka,Joyce L Chen,Sandra E Black,J Jean Chen,Kie Honjo,Deirdre R Dawson,Bernhard Ross
{"title":"Beta- and gamma-band neuromagnetic oscillations in chronic stroke rehabilitation using music-supported therapy and manual training.","authors":"Takako Fujioka,Joyce L Chen,Sandra E Black,J Jean Chen,Kie Honjo,Deirdre R Dawson,Bernhard Ross","doi":"10.1111/nyas.70041","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/nyas.70041","url":null,"abstract":"Neural oscillations in beta (13-30 Hz) and gamma (>30 Hz) frequency bands index a variety of sensorimotor and cognitive processes. To compare two rehabilitation regimens for chronic stroke patients with a hemiparetic hand, we randomly assigned them to either music-supported therapy or physiotherapy for 10 weeks. Previously, we reported the music group's improved motor speed, mood, well-being, and rhythm perception. Here, we investigated changes in neural oscillatory activities. Here, our magnetoencephalography (MEG) data showed significant group-by-session interaction in both somatosensory and auditory-motor paradigms. The control group exhibited a prominent increase in gamma-band frequencies accompanying the somatosensory steady-state responses entrained by 22-Hz vibrotactile stimulation, indicating compensatory functions from the contralesional brain. In contrast, the music group showed a gradual enhancement of auditory-motor coupling in beta-band event-related power changes during passive metronome listening. The music group's increase in beta dynamics in the auditory cortex aligns with our previous work and their improvement in behavioral rhythm perception. Whole-brain data during listening and tapping demonstrated reduced beta modulation in the sensorimotor and prefrontal cortices and temporal poles in the music group, likely related to movements with less effort and attention. The current findings contribute to understanding the frequency-specific communications of the auditory, sensory, and motor systems.","PeriodicalId":8250,"journal":{"name":"Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145031859","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lucia De Francesco,Selene Schintu,Alessandro Mazza,Raffaella Ricci,Olga Dal Monte
{"title":"What you listen to makes a difference: The impact of music on attention and well-being.","authors":"Lucia De Francesco,Selene Schintu,Alessandro Mazza,Raffaella Ricci,Olga Dal Monte","doi":"10.1111/nyas.70049","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/nyas.70049","url":null,"abstract":"Sounds constantly surround us, serving as sensory cues that help humans interpret the world and navigate the flood of stimuli they encounter. Research has shown that sounds and music can influence attentional performance; however, evidence on whether auditory stimuli can improve attention is limited. This study employed the attention network test to investigate how four types of sound-slow beat music, brown noise, fast beat music, and no sound-modulate visual attention. Moreover, we assessed the impact of auditory stimuli on physiological response (i.e., heart rate) and subjective experience. Results indicate that slow beat music has several positive effects: it enhances the efficiency of attentional orienting and the ability to focus on relevant targets while ignoring distractors, lowers heart rate, and increases subjective feelings of pleasure and relaxation. The benefits of slow beat music on attentional performance and psycho-physiological state suggest that it can be used to enhance focus, as well as reduce the risk of errors and stress in attention-demanding contexts.","PeriodicalId":8250,"journal":{"name":"Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145031861","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"How big data analytics can strengthen large-scale food fortification and biofortification decision-making: A scoping review.","authors":"Fiona Walsh,Anna Zhenchuk,Corey Luthringer,Christoph Kratz,Florian Schweigert","doi":"10.1111/nyas.70028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/nyas.70028","url":null,"abstract":"Big data analytics have shown great potential to improve decision-making in health, including disease surveillance and healthcare delivery. This scoping review explores how big data supports decision-making in large-scale food fortification (LSFF) and biofortification across the food value chain. Following PRISMA guidelines, we analyzed open-access peer-reviewed literature and gray literature from 2012 to 2022. Given the limited literature, we broadened our search to include big data applications in agriculture and nutrition, aiming to draw relevant insights for LSFF and biofortification. Of 1678 records, 28 mentioned LSFF or biofortification, all published between 2018 and 2022. Overall, most records focused on production (60%) and inputs (19.5%). Notably, 16.7% (n = 7) of records mentioning LSFF or biofortification addressed public health monitoring, compared to 2.3% (n = 45) of those without a mention. Use case examples include blockchain and Internet of Things (IoT) for fortified product traceability, machine learning to predict fortification gaps, and artificial intelligence to analyze anemia prevalence, highlighting opportunities to enhance both production and public health monitoring. Despite this potential, big data use in LSFF and biofortification remains limited. Expanding its use in underexplored areas, such as distribution and regulation, could enhance decision-making, efficiency, and sustainability in LSFF and biofortification.","PeriodicalId":8250,"journal":{"name":"Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences","volume":"70 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145031865","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Andrea M Coppola,Stephanie Ibrahim,Nikki Bloch,Eric Sah,Shivani Mehta,Sanchit Goel,Jaclyn Calkins,Veronica Hernandez,Ellen E Lee
{"title":"Systematic review and meta-analysis of mechanistic loneliness interventions for older adults.","authors":"Andrea M Coppola,Stephanie Ibrahim,Nikki Bloch,Eric Sah,Shivani Mehta,Sanchit Goel,Jaclyn Calkins,Veronica Hernandez,Ellen E Lee","doi":"10.1111/nyas.70046","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/nyas.70046","url":null,"abstract":"The current study aimed to evaluate specific mechanisms of interventions to improve loneliness among older adults. EMBASE, MEDLINE, and PsycINFO databases were searched for articles published through June 2024. We selected randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that sought to improve loneliness in older adults, were published in English, and used previously published measures to assess loneliness. We used random-effect models to calculate pooled standardized mean differences (SMDs) for each mechanistic approach, and random-effects meta-regression to assess heterogeneity of studies. Thirty-five RCTs from 31 published studies (total N = 5291 participants) met review criteria, including six distress tolerance interventions, 11 cognitive engagement and restructuring interventions, 12 social behavioral activation interventions, and six acceptance of aging interventions. Study samples included older adults from the community. Meta-analysis revealed significant pooled SMDs for improving loneliness (pooled SMD = -1.11 (95% CI [-2.19, -0.03], p = 0.043), 25 studies). Heterogeneity of studies was high (I2 = 99.57%). There was a trend for publication bias among cognitive and social behavioral activation interventions, though effect sizes did not change with adjustment. Meta-regression analysis found that distress tolerance interventions, group interventions, interventions with longer and more frequent sessions, and cognitive or acceptance of aging-focused interventions in older adults had larger effect sizes.","PeriodicalId":8250,"journal":{"name":"Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences","volume":"35 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145031889","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yuying Deng,Miao Chen,Ziwei Huang,Xiaotong Liang,Shun Pan,Jiting Ji,Zehui Zhang,Jiayi Long,Li Liu
{"title":"Association Between Body Composition and Obesity Phenotypes in Children and Adolescents.","authors":"Yuying Deng,Miao Chen,Ziwei Huang,Xiaotong Liang,Shun Pan,Jiting Ji,Zehui Zhang,Jiayi Long,Li Liu","doi":"10.1111/nyas.70055","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/nyas.70055","url":null,"abstract":"Assessment of influencing factors is critical for the management of different obesity phenotypes among children and adolescents. We investigated the association between body composition and metabolically unhealthy phenotypes independently or in an interaction with physical activity or sleep, among 7572 children and adolescents with normal weight or overweight/obesity from Guangzhou, China. High body fat percentage (BF%), trunk-to-limb fat ratio (T/L), waist-to-height ratio (WHtR), low soft lean mass percentage (SLM%), and appendicular skeletal muscle percentage (ASM%) were all associated with increased risk of metabolically unhealthy overweight/obesity (MUO) (odds ratios ranging from 1.31 to 1.52). High T/L and WHtR were associated with 66% and 93% increased metabolically unhealthy normal weight (MUNW) risk. Relative excess risk due to an interaction >0 further indicated positive interactions between insufficient physical activity and high BF%, WHtR, or low SLM on MUO and MUNW. An interaction was also found between insufficient sleep and high T/L or low SLM% on MUNW. Excess total and central fat increases MUO risk, while adequate muscle mass reduces the risk. Central fat is also positively associated with MUNW risk. Sufficient physical activity and sleep can mitigate the detrimental effects of adiposity and boost the protection of muscle against obesity phenotypes.","PeriodicalId":8250,"journal":{"name":"Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences","volume":"32 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145031862","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yi Zhang,Xiangni Pan,Yehuizi Wu,Zixian Huang,Zhizeng Pan,Yuezhou Wei,Xiangbiao Yin
{"title":"High Capacity and Efficient Adsorption of Lutetium(III) by the Metal-Organic Framework HKUST-1 in Simulated Medical Wastewater.","authors":"Yi Zhang,Xiangni Pan,Yehuizi Wu,Zixian Huang,Zhizeng Pan,Yuezhou Wei,Xiangbiao Yin","doi":"10.1111/nyas.70074","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/nyas.70074","url":null,"abstract":"Lutetium (Lu(III)), a heavy rare earth element, plays a critical role in advanced industrial processes and nuclear medicine applications. Given its high economic value and potential environmental risks, the recovery of Lu(III) from medical wastewater is both necessary and urgent. However, previous studies on the adsorption behavior of Lu(III) have been limited by low adsorption capacity, competition from coexisting metal ions, and the influence of environmental temperature. In this work, a copper (Cu)-based, conventional metal-organic framework (MOF) material named HKUST-1 was employed for the recovery of Lu(III). The effects of pH and shaking speed, adsorption isotherms, and adsorption kinetics were systematically investigated. The maximum adsorption capacity was 512.82 mg·g-1, calculated with the Langmuir isotherm model. Comprehensive characterization suggested that the adsorption mechanism involves ion exchange between Lu(III) and Cu(II), as well as the formation of Lu─O covalent bonds. Furthermore, adsorption experiments using simulated medical wastewater were conducted to evaluate the practical applicability. This work highlights a promising strategy for Lu(III) recovery from aqueous waste streams, demonstrating the high efficiency and application potential of HKUST-1 in environmental remediation.","PeriodicalId":8250,"journal":{"name":"Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences","volume":"48 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145031860","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Exploring support systems for young people with climate anxiety: Suggestions from Brazil.","authors":"Mirna Albuquerque Frota,Maraysa Costa Vieira Cardoso,Marília Nunes Fernandes,Marina Schor,Susan Clayton,Pamela J Surkan","doi":"10.1111/nyas.70047","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/nyas.70047","url":null,"abstract":"Climate anxiety is a rising concern among young people worldwide. This study explored youth-generated coping strategies to alleviate climate anxiety. In 2022, data were collected from 60 students (ages 10-16 years) from a public school in Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil, identified with high levels of climate anxiety from a larger sample of 272 youth. Four focus groups and 20 semi-structured interviews were conducted. The Sort and Sift, Think and Shift method guided the analysis, organized according to the Multiple Needs Framework Model, addressing individual, social, and environmental needs related to climate change. Youth identified various strategies to manage climate anxiety. Distractions, such as social media and music, helped reduce immediate stress. They emphasized the importance of school-based psychological support and climate education to foster environmental awareness. Suggestions to address environmental needs included recycling initiatives and sustainable practices. Participants also valued collective action, proposing discussion groups on climate change and sustainability to strengthen coping mechanisms. Young people employ diverse coping strategies, from personal stress-relief techniques to collective pro-environmental actions. These findings can inform interventions aimed at supporting youth in managing climate anxiety and promoting proactive engagement in climate-related solutions.","PeriodicalId":8250,"journal":{"name":"Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences","volume":"68 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145008870","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}