Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences最新文献_第7页

The role of task relevance in saccadic responses to facial expressions 任务相关性在面部表情动作反应中的作用

IF 4.1 3区综合性期刊

Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences Pub Date : 2024-09-24 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.15221

Giovanni Mirabella, Michele Grassi, Paolo Bernardis

{"title":"The role of task relevance in saccadic responses to facial expressions","authors":"Giovanni Mirabella, Michele Grassi, Paolo Bernardis","doi":"10.1111/nyas.15221","DOIUrl":"10.1111/nyas.15221","url":null,"abstract":"Recent research on healthy individuals suggests that the valence of emotional stimuli influences behavioral reactions only when relevant to ongoing tasks, as they impact reaching arm movements and gait only when the emotional content cued the responses. However, it has been suggested that emotional expressions elicit automatic gaze shifting, indicating that oculomotor behavior might differ from that of the upper and lower limbs. To investigate, 40 participants underwent two Go/No-go tasks, an emotion discrimination task (EDT) and a gender discrimination task (GDT). In the EDT, participants had to perform a saccade to a peripheral target upon the presentation of angry or happy faces and refrain from moving with neutral ones. In the GDT, the same images were shown, but participants responded based on the posers’ gender. Participants displayed two behavioral strategies: a single saccade to the target (92.7%) or two saccades (7.3%), with the first directed at a task-salient feature, that is, the mouth in the EDT and the nose-eyes regions in the GDT. In both cases, the valence of facial expression impacted the saccades only when relevant to the response. Such evidence indicates the same principles govern the interplay between emotional stimuli and motor reactions despite the effectors employed.","PeriodicalId":8250,"journal":{"name":"Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences","volume":"1540 1","pages":"324-337"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/nyas.15221","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142317433","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Artificial intelligence and psychedelic medicine 人工智能和迷幻药

IF 4.1 3区综合性期刊

Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences Pub Date : 2024-09-23 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.15229

Jerome Sarris, Andreas Halman, Anna Urokohara, Mathew Lehrner, Daniel Perkins

{"title":"Artificial intelligence and psychedelic medicine","authors":"Jerome Sarris, Andreas Halman, Anna Urokohara, Mathew Lehrner, Daniel Perkins","doi":"10.1111/nyas.15229","DOIUrl":"10.1111/nyas.15229","url":null,"abstract":"Artificial intelligence (AI) and psychedelic medicines are among the most high-profile evolving disruptive innovations within mental healthcare in recent years. Although AI and psychedelics may not have historically shared any common ground, there exists the potential for these subjects to combine in generating innovative mental health treatment approaches. In order to inform our perspective, we conducted a scoping review of relevant literature up to late August 2024 via PubMed intersecting AI with psychomedical use of psychedelics. Our perspective covers the potential application of AI in psychedelic medicine for: drug discovery and clinical trial optimization (including pharmacodynamics); study design; understanding psychedelic experiences; personalization of treatments; clinical screening, delivery, and follow-up (potentially delivered via chatbots/apps); application of psychological preparation, integration, and general mental health support; its role in enhancing treatment via brain modulatory devices (including virtual reality and haptic suits); and the consideration of ethical and security safeguards. Challenges include the need for sufficient data protection and security, and a range of necessary ethical protections. Future avenues of exploration could involve directly administering psychedelics (or providing algorithm-generated effects) to inorganic AI-interfaced neural networks that may exceed human brain activity (i.e., cognitive capacity) and intelligence.","PeriodicalId":8250,"journal":{"name":"Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences","volume":"1540 1","pages":"5-12"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/nyas.15229","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142277003","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Establishing human microbial observatory programs in low- and middle-income countries 在中低收入国家建立人类微生物观测站计划

IF 4.1 3区综合性期刊

Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences Pub Date : 2024-09-19 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.15224

Jeffrey I. Gordon, Michael J. Barratt, Matthew C. Hibberd, Mustafizur Rahman, Tahmeed Ahmed

引用次数: 0

Response inhibition deficits in math-anxious individuals 数学焦虑症患者的反应抑制缺陷

IF 4.1 3区综合性期刊

Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences Pub Date : 2024-09-19 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.15216

María Isabel Núñez-Peña, Carlos Campos-Rodríguez

{"title":"Response inhibition deficits in math-anxious individuals","authors":"María Isabel Núñez-Peña, Carlos Campos-Rodríguez","doi":"10.1111/nyas.15216","DOIUrl":"10.1111/nyas.15216","url":null,"abstract":"We examined whether math anxiety is related to a response inhibition deficit and, if so, whether it is a domain-specific inhibition deficit in numerical tasks or a general inhibition deficit. Behavioral performance and electroencephalogram activity were recorded while 28 highly math–anxious (HMA) and 28 low math–anxious (LMA) individuals performed both a numerical and a non-numerical Go/Nogo task. In the numerical task, single-digit numbers were presented, and participants were asked to press a button if the number was even. In the non-numerical task, letters were presented, and the button had to be pressed if the letter was a vowel. Nogo trials were answered less accurately and elicited larger Nogo-N2 and Nogo-P3 than Go trials in both tasks and both groups. Importantly, behavioral and brain response differences between tasks were only found in the HMA group. First, they were more error-prone in numerical Nogo than in non-numerical Nogo trials; and second, their Nogo-N2 and N2d (Nogo–Go difference) were smaller in the numerical task than in the non-numerical task. No differences were found in the LMA group. These results suggest that HMA individuals’ response inhibition is impaired specifically when dealing with numbers, which could contribute to their low achievement in math tasks.","PeriodicalId":8250,"journal":{"name":"Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences","volume":"1540 1","pages":"200-210"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/nyas.15216","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142247136","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Kisspeptin in functional hypothalamic amenorrhea: Pathophysiology and therapeutic potential 功能性下丘脑闭经中的 Kisspeptin：病理生理学和治疗潜力

IF 4.1 3区综合性期刊

Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences Pub Date : 2024-09-17 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.15220

Aaran H. Patel, Kanyada Koysombat, Aureliane Pierret, Megan Young, Alexander N. Comninos, Waljit S. Dhillo, Ali Abbara

{"title":"Kisspeptin in functional hypothalamic amenorrhea: Pathophysiology and therapeutic potential","authors":"Aaran H. Patel, Kanyada Koysombat, Aureliane Pierret, Megan Young, Alexander N. Comninos, Waljit S. Dhillo, Ali Abbara","doi":"10.1111/nyas.15220","DOIUrl":"10.1111/nyas.15220","url":null,"abstract":"Functional hypothalamic amenorrhea (FHA) is one of the most common causes of secondary amenorrhea, resulting in anovulation and infertility, and is a low estrogen state that increases the risk of cardiovascular disease and impairs bone health. FHA is characterized by acquired suppression of physiological pulsatile gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) release by the hypothalamus in the absence of an identifiable structural cause, resulting in a functional hypogonadotropic hypogonadism. FHA results from either decreased energy intake and/or excessive exercise, leading to low energy availability and weight loss—often in combination with psychological stress on top of a background of genetic susceptibility. The hypothalamic neuropeptide kisspeptin is a key component of the GnRH pulse generator, tightly regulating pulsatile GnRH secretion and the downstream reproductive axis. Here, we review the physiological regulation of pulsatile GnRH secretion by hypothalamic kisspeptin neurons and how their activity is modulated by signals of energy status to affect reproductive function. We explore endocrine factors contributing to the suppression of GnRH pulsatility in the pathophysiology of FHA and how hypothalamic kisspeptin neurons likely represent a final common pathway through which these factors affect GnRH pulse generation. Finally, we discuss the therapeutic potential of kisspeptin as a novel treatment for women with FHA.","PeriodicalId":8250,"journal":{"name":"Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences","volume":"1540 1","pages":"21-46"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/nyas.15220","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142236475","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Food-based dietary guidelines for optimizing calcium intakes for reproductive-aged women in Ethiopia using local foods 利用当地食物优化埃塞俄比亚育龄妇女钙摄入量的食物膳食指南

IF 4.1 3区综合性期刊

Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences Pub Date : 2024-09-17 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.15218

Hilary Davies-Kershaw, Kevin Tang, Dawd Gashu, Semira Mitiku Saje, Filomena Gomes, Edward J. M. Joy, E. Louise Ander, Sarah Gibson, Ziaul H. Rana, Elaine L. Ferguson

{"title":"Food-based dietary guidelines for optimizing calcium intakes for reproductive-aged women in Ethiopia using local foods","authors":"Hilary Davies-Kershaw, Kevin Tang, Dawd Gashu, Semira Mitiku Saje, Filomena Gomes, Edward J. M. Joy, E. Louise Ander, Sarah Gibson, Ziaul H. Rana, Elaine L. Ferguson","doi":"10.1111/nyas.15218","DOIUrl":"10.1111/nyas.15218","url":null,"abstract":"Increasing dietary calcium intakes of Ethiopian women of reproductive age (WRA) is a public health priority for reducing pre-eclampsia in pregnancy. Using linear programming, we determined whether locally available foods consumed by WRA in nine regions (urban and rural) and two administrative cities of Ethiopia could provide 1000 mg/day of dietary calcium, and we identified food-based recommendations (FBRs) to improve dietary calcium adequacy in each region. Results showed that diets providing 1000 mg/day of calcium were feasible in eight regions (40%) of the target populations examined. It would, however, require marked changes for most populations (90%), increasing the number of servings per week of several food groups to levels close to those of high consumers in each population. The selected calcium-specific FBRs integrate well into the 2022 Ethiopian Dietary Guidelines, requiring additional messages to consume green leafy vegetables, milk, root crops, or teff (Eragrostis tef) or to consume a higher number of servings of vegetables than currently recommended, depending on the population. In conclusion, these analyses show that a food-based approach can be used to achieve dietary calcium adequacy among WRA in 40% of the populations examined. For the other populations, food-based interventions alone may be inadequate and other interventions are likely needed.","PeriodicalId":8250,"journal":{"name":"Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences","volume":"1540 1","pages":"265-278"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/nyas.15218","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142236477","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Understanding the role of the human gut microbiome in overweight and obesity 了解人类肠道微生物组在超重和肥胖中的作用

IF 4.1 3区综合性期刊

Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences Pub Date : 2024-09-16 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.15215

Michael I. McBurney, Clara E. Cho

{"title":"Understanding the role of the human gut microbiome in overweight and obesity","authors":"Michael I. McBurney, Clara E. Cho","doi":"10.1111/nyas.15215","DOIUrl":"10.1111/nyas.15215","url":null,"abstract":"The gut microbiome may be related to the prevalence of overweight and obesity, but high interindividual variability of the human microbiome complicates our understanding. Obesity often occurs concomitantly with micronutrient deficiencies that impair energy metabolism. Microbiota composition is affected by diet. Host–microbiota interactions are bidirectional. We propose three pathways whereby these interactions may modulate the gut microbiome and obesity: (1) ingested compounds or derivatives affecting small intestinal transit, endogenous secretions, digestion, absorption, microbiome balance, and gut barrier function directly affect host metabolism; (2) substrate availability affecting colonic microbial composition and contact with the gut barrier; and (3) microbial end products affecting host metabolism. The quantity/concentration, duration, and/or frequency (circadian rhythm) of changes in these pathways can alter the gut microbiome, disrupt the gut barrier, alter host immunity, and increase the risk of and progression to overweight and obesity. Host-specific characteristics (e.g., genetic variations) may further affect individual sensitivity and/or resilience to diet- and microbiome-associated perturbations in the colonic environment. In this narrative review, the effects of selected interventions, including fecal microbiota transplantation, dietary calorie restriction, dietary fibers and prebiotics, probiotics and synbiotics, vitamins, minerals, and fatty acids, on the gut microbiome, body weight, and/or adiposity are summarized to help identify mechanisms of action and research opportunities.","PeriodicalId":8250,"journal":{"name":"Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences","volume":"1540 1","pages":"61-88"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/nyas.15215","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142273611","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

School feeding for improving child nutrition in conflict-affected settings: Feasibility and cost efficiency of alternative models in Yemen 学校供餐改善受冲突影响地区儿童的营养状况：也门替代模式的可行性和成本效益

IF 4.1 3区综合性期刊

Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences Pub Date : 2024-09-16 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.15222

Lilia Bliznashka, Dalia Elsabbagh, Sikandra Kurdi, Olivier Ecker, Aulo Gelli

{"title":"School feeding for improving child nutrition in conflict-affected settings: Feasibility and cost efficiency of alternative models in Yemen","authors":"Lilia Bliznashka, Dalia Elsabbagh, Sikandra Kurdi, Olivier Ecker, Aulo Gelli","doi":"10.1111/nyas.15222","DOIUrl":"10.1111/nyas.15222","url":null,"abstract":"School feeding programs can support children's nutrition, health, and education in emergencies. This study assessed the feasibility, trade-offs, cost efficiency, and perceived benefits of school feeding modalities operating in urban Yemen. It draws on primary data from a qualitative evaluation with 21 school feeding implementers and 88 beneficiaries conducted in Feb–Mar 2023, and secondary data from a desk review of published and program literature on school feeding operations. Results showed that school feeding provided students with on average 18%, 40%, and 66% of daily energy, protein, and micronutrient requirements, respectively. Models including fortified snacks were 3–11 times more cost-efficient in terms of nutrient delivery. The most prominent strength of the models examined were the perceived benefits on child, family, and financial outcomes. Among the main weaknesses was the poor nutritional quality of the meal, which in turn emerged as a primary opportunity to improve school feeding through hybrid models providing a combination of fortified snacks and healthy meals. Other weaknesses such as poor water, sanitation, and hygiene infrastructure, and desired improvements such as the school kitchen and canteen, require considerable investments. Hybrid models are cost-efficient, acceptable, and feasible in Yemen and can serve the diet and nutrition needs of school-aged children.","PeriodicalId":8250,"journal":{"name":"Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences","volume":"1540 1","pages":"251-264"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/nyas.15222","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142236481","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

What can naked mole-rats teach us about ameliorating hypoxia-related human diseases? 裸鼹鼠在改善与缺氧有关的人类疾病方面能给我们带来什么启示？

IF 4.1 3区综合性期刊

Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences Pub Date : 2024-09-13 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.15219

Karen L. Kadamani, Reyhaneh Rahnamaie-Tajadod, Liam Eaton, John Bengtsson, Mohammad Ojaghi, Hang Cheng, Matthew E. Pamenter

{"title":"What can naked mole-rats teach us about ameliorating hypoxia-related human diseases?","authors":"Karen L. Kadamani, Reyhaneh Rahnamaie-Tajadod, Liam Eaton, John Bengtsson, Mohammad Ojaghi, Hang Cheng, Matthew E. Pamenter","doi":"10.1111/nyas.15219","DOIUrl":"10.1111/nyas.15219","url":null,"abstract":"Ameliorating the deleterious impact of systemic or tissue-level hypoxia or ischemia is key to preventing or treating many human diseases and pathologies. Usefully, environmental hypoxia is also a common challenge in many natural habitats; animals that are native to such hypoxic niches often exhibit strategies that enable them to thrive with limited O2 availability. Studying how such species have evolved to tolerate systemic hypoxia offers a promising avenue of discovery for novel strategies to mitigate the deleterious effects of hypoxia in human diseases and pathologies. Of particular interest are naked mole-rats, which are among the most hypoxia-tolerant mammals. Naked mole-rats that tolerate severe hypoxia in a laboratory setting are also protected against clinically relevant mimics of heart attack and stroke. The mechanisms that support this tolerance are currently being elucidated but results to date suggest that metabolic rate suppression, reprogramming of metabolic pathways, and mechanisms that defend against deleterious perturbations of cellular signaling pathways all provide layers of protection. Herein, we synthesize and discuss what is known regarding adaptations to hypoxia in the naked mole-rat cardiopulmonary system and brain, as these systems comprise both the primary means of delivering O2 to tissues and the most hypoxia-sensitive organs in mammals.","PeriodicalId":8250,"journal":{"name":"Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences","volume":"1540 1","pages":"104-120"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/nyas.15219","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142231648","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Putative epithelial–mesenchymal transitions during salamander limb regeneration: Current perspectives and future investigations 蝾螈肢体再生过程中的假定上皮-间充质转化：当前视角与未来研究

IF 4.1 3区综合性期刊

Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences Pub Date : 2024-09-13 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.15210

Ryan T. Kim, Jessica L. Whited

引用次数: 0