{"title":"Deductive Machine Learning Challenges and Opportunities in Chemical Applications","authors":"Tianfan Jin, Brett M. Savoie","doi":"10.1146/annurev-chembioeng-100722-111917","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-chembioeng-100722-111917","url":null,"abstract":"Contemporary machine learning algorithms have largely succeeded in automating the development of mathematical models from data. Although this is a striking accomplishment, it leaves unaddressed the multitude of scenarios, especially across the chemical sciences and engineering, where deductive, rather than inductive, reasoning is required and still depends on manual intervention by an expert. This review describes the characteristics of deductive reasoning that are helpful for understanding the role played by expert intervention in problem-solving and explains why such interventions are often relatively resistant to disruption by typical machine learning strategies. The article then discusses the factors that contribute to creating a deductive bottleneck, how deductive bottlenecks are currently addressed in several application areas, and how machine learning models capable of deduction can be designed. The review concludes with a tutorial case study that illustrates the challenges of deduction problems and a notebook for readers to experiment with on their own.","PeriodicalId":8234,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of chemical and biomolecular engineering","volume":"35 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2024-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140571708","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lisa Eckendörfer, Dominik Rudolf, Andreas Brix, Marion Börnhorst, Hannsjörg Freund
{"title":"Periodic Open Cellular Structures in Chemical Engineering: Application in Catalysis and Separation Processes","authors":"Lisa Eckendörfer, Dominik Rudolf, Andreas Brix, Marion Börnhorst, Hannsjörg Freund","doi":"10.1146/annurev-chembioeng-101121-085630","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-chembioeng-101121-085630","url":null,"abstract":"Periodic open cellular structures (POCS) represent a promising new class of structured internals as next-generation catalyst supports in reactors or structured packing elements in separation columns. POCS feature a well-defined morphology and can be fabricated with high reproducibility even for complex geometries by means of additive manufacturing. This results in a uniform and easily controllable flow field, which allows for adjusting the heat and mass transport processes to realize optimal process conditions. We review the fundamentals of POCS, including design and manufacturing as well as transport phenomena for single- and multiphase systems. Moreover, we review recent POCS applications in reaction and separation processes and consider promising future application fields. The exceptional transport characteristics of POCS facilitate the design of highly efficient, flexible, resilient, and safe processes, which is key for achieving process intensification toward a sustainable future.","PeriodicalId":8234,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of chemical and biomolecular engineering","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2024-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140571747","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Masoud Ghasemi, Michael Geitner, Agatha O'Connell, Enrique D Gomez
{"title":"Three-Dimensional Morphology of Polymeric Membranes from Electron Tomography.","authors":"Masoud Ghasemi, Michael Geitner, Agatha O'Connell, Enrique D Gomez","doi":"10.1146/annurev-chembioeng-100722-104623","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-chembioeng-100722-104623","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Recent advances in the water-energy landscape hinge upon our improved understanding of the complex morphology of materials involved in water treatment and energy production. Due to their versatility and tunability for applications ranging from drug delivery to fuel cells, polymeric systems will play a crucial role in shaping the future of water-energy nexus applications. Electron tomography (ET) stands as a transformative approach for elucidating the intricate structures inherent to polymers, offering unparalleled insights into their nanoscale architectures and functional properties in three dimensions. In particular, the various morphological and chemical characteristics of polymer membranes provide opportunities for perturbations to standard ET for the study of these systems. We discuss the applications of transmission electron microscopy in establishing structure-function relationships in polymeric membranes with an emphasis on traditional ET and cryogenic ET (cryo-ET). The synergy between ET and cryo-ET to unravel structural complexities and dynamic behaviors of polymer membranes holds immense potential in driving progress and innovation across frontiers related to water-energy nexus applications. Expected final online publication date for the <i>Annual Review of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering</i> , Volume 15 is June 2024. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.</p>","PeriodicalId":8234,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of chemical and biomolecular engineering","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2024-02-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139995420","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Biofilms for Production of Chemicals and Energy","authors":"Janek Weiler, Miriam Edel, Johannes Gescher","doi":"10.1146/annurev-chembioeng-100522-110939","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-chembioeng-100522-110939","url":null,"abstract":"The twenty-first century will be the century of biology. This is not only because of breakthrough advances in molecular biology tools but also because we need to reinvent our economy based on the biological principles of energy efficiency and sustainability. Consequently, new tools for production routines must be developed to help produce platform chemicals and energy sources based on sustainable resources. In this context, biofilm-based processes have the potential to impact future production processes, because they can be carried out continuously and with robust stationary biocatalysts embedded in an extracellular matrix with different properties. We review productive biofilm systems used for heterotrophic and lithoautotrophic production and attempt to identify fundamental reasons why they may be particularly suitable as future production systems.Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering , Volume 15 is June 2024. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.","PeriodicalId":8234,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of chemical and biomolecular engineering","volume":"78 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2024-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139926404","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Justyn Fine, Bunyarit Meksiriporn, Jiacheng Tan, Jamie B Spangler
{"title":"Mechanism-Driven Design of Multispecific Antibodies for Targeted Disease Treatment.","authors":"Justyn Fine, Bunyarit Meksiriporn, Jiacheng Tan, Jamie B Spangler","doi":"10.1146/annurev-chembioeng-100522-102155","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-chembioeng-100522-102155","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Antibody-based therapeutics constitute a rapidly growing class of pharmaceutical compounds. However, monoclonal antibodies, which specifically engage only one target, often lack the mechanistic intricacy to treat complex diseases. To expand the utility of antibody therapies, significant efforts have been invested in designing multispecific antibodies, which engage multiple targets using a single molecule. These efforts have culminated in remarkable translational progress, including nine US Food and Drug Administration-approved multispecific antibodies, with countless others in various stages of preclinical or clinical development. In this review, we discuss several categories of multispecific antibodies that have achieved clinical approval or shown promise in earlier stages of development. We focus on the molecular mechanisms used by multispecific antibodies and how these mechanisms inform their customized design and formulation. In particular, we discuss multispecific antibodies that target multiple disease markers, multiparatopic antibodies, and immune-interfacing antibodies. Overall, these innovative multispecific antibody designs are fueling exciting advances across the immunotherapeutic landscape. Expected final online publication date for the <i>Annual Review of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering</i> , Volume 15 is June 2024. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.</p>","PeriodicalId":8234,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of chemical and biomolecular engineering","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2024-01-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139566303","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Designing Multivalent and Multispecific Biologics","authors":"Jennifer J. Kang, Ayako Ohoka, Casim A. Sarkar","doi":"10.1146/annurev-chembioeng-100722-112440","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-chembioeng-100722-112440","url":null,"abstract":"In the era of precision medicine, multivalent and multispecific therapeutics present a promising approach for targeted disease intervention. These therapeutics are designed to interact with multiple targets simultaneously, promising enhanced efficacy, reduced side effects, and resilience against drug resistance. We dissect the principles guiding the design of multivalent biologics, highlighting challenges and strategies that must be considered to maximize therapeutic effect. Engineerable elements in multivalent and multispecific biologic design—domain affinities, valency, and spatial presentation—must be considered in the context of the molecular targets as well as the balance of important properties such as target avidity and specificity. We illuminate recent applications of these principles in designing protein and cell therapies and identify exciting future directions in this field, underscored by advances in biomolecular and cellular engineering and computational approaches.Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering , Volume 15 is June 2024. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.","PeriodicalId":8234,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of chemical and biomolecular engineering","volume":"60 3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2023-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138563717","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Alison J Shapiro, Robert M O'Dea, Sonia C Li, Jamael C Ajah, Garrett F Bass, Thomas H Epps
{"title":"Engineering Innovations, Challenges, and Opportunities for Lignocellulosic Biorefineries: Leveraging Biobased Polymer Production.","authors":"Alison J Shapiro, Robert M O'Dea, Sonia C Li, Jamael C Ajah, Garrett F Bass, Thomas H Epps","doi":"10.1146/annurev-chembioeng-101121-084152","DOIUrl":"10.1146/annurev-chembioeng-101121-084152","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Alternative polymer feedstocks are highly desirable to address environmental, social, and security concerns associated with petrochemical-based materials. Lignocellulosic biomass (LCB) has emerged as one critical feedstock in this regard because it is an abundant and ubiquitous renewable resource. LCB can be deconstructed to generate valuable fuels, chemicals, and small molecules/oligomers that are amenable to modification and polymerization. However, the diversity of LCB complicates the evaluation of biorefinery concepts in areas including process scale-up, production outputs, plant economics, and life-cycle management. We discuss aspects of current LCB biorefinery research with a focus on the major process stages, including feedstock selection, fractionation/deconstruction, and characterization, along with product purification, functionalization, and polymerization to manufacture valuable macromolecular materials. We highlight opportunities to valorize underutilized and complex feedstocks, leverage advanced characterization techniques to predict and manage biorefinery outputs, and increase the fraction of biomass converted into valuable products.</p>","PeriodicalId":8234,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of chemical and biomolecular engineering","volume":"14 ","pages":"109-140"},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2023-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9960331","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Everything You Wanted to Know about Deep Eutectic Solvents but Were Afraid to Be Told.","authors":"Dinis O Abranches, João A P Coutinho","doi":"10.1146/annurev-chembioeng-101121-085323","DOIUrl":"10.1146/annurev-chembioeng-101121-085323","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Are deep eutectic solvents (DESs) a promising alternative to conventional solvents? Perhaps, but their development is hindered by a plethora of misconceptions. These are carefully analyzed here, beginning with the very meaning of DESs, which has strayed far beyond its original scope of eutectic mixtures of Lewis or Brønsted acids and bases. Instead, a definition that is grounded on thermodynamic principles and distinguishes between eutectic and deep eutectic is encouraged, and the types of precursors that can be used to prepare DESs are reviewed. Landmark works surrounding the sustainability, stability, toxicity, and biodegradability of these solvents are also discussed, revealing piling evidence that numerous DESs reported thus far, particularly those that are choline based, lack sufficient sustainability-related traits to be considered green solvents. Finally, emerging DES applications are reviewed, emphasizing their most remarkable feature: the ability to liquefy a solid compound with a target property, allowing its use as a liquid solvent.</p>","PeriodicalId":8234,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of chemical and biomolecular engineering","volume":"14 ","pages":"141-163"},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2023-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9603994","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ryan Buchser, Phillip Sweet, Aparna Anantharaman, Lydia Contreras
{"title":"RNAs as Sensors of Oxidative Stress in Bacteria.","authors":"Ryan Buchser, Phillip Sweet, Aparna Anantharaman, Lydia Contreras","doi":"10.1146/annurev-chembioeng-101121-070250","DOIUrl":"10.1146/annurev-chembioeng-101121-070250","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Oxidative stress is an important and pervasive physical stress encountered by all kingdoms of life, including bacteria. In this review, we briefly describe the nature of oxidative stress, highlight well-characterized protein-based sensors (transcription factors) of reactive oxygen species that serve as standards for molecular sensors in oxidative stress, and describe molecular studies that have explored the potential of direct RNA sensitivity to oxidative stress. Finally, we describe the gaps in knowledge of RNA sensors-particularly regarding the chemical modification of RNA nucleobases. RNA sensors are poised to emerge as an essential layer of understanding and regulating dynamic biological pathways in oxidative stress responses in bacteria and, thus, also represent an important frontier of synthetic biology.</p>","PeriodicalId":8234,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of chemical and biomolecular engineering","volume":"14 ","pages":"265-281"},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2023-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9606167","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Peptide-Based Vectors: A Biomolecular Engineering Strategy for Gene Delivery.","authors":"Sandeep Urandur, Millicent O Sullivan","doi":"10.1146/annurev-chembioeng-101121-070232","DOIUrl":"10.1146/annurev-chembioeng-101121-070232","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>From the first clinical trial by Dr. W.F. Anderson to the most recent US Food and Drug Administration-approved Luxturna (Spark Therapeutics, 2017) and Zolgensma (Novartis, 2019), gene therapy has revamped thinking and practice around cancer treatment and improved survival rates for adult and pediatric patients with genetic diseases. A major challenge to advancing gene therapies for a broader array of applications lies in safely delivering nucleic acids to their intended sites of action. Peptides offer unique potential to improve nucleic acid delivery based on their versatile and tunable interactions with biomolecules and cells. Cell-penetrating peptides and intracellular targeting peptides have received particular focus due to their promise for improving the delivery of gene therapies into cells. We highlight key examples of peptide-assisted, targeted gene delivery to cancer-specific signatures involved in tumor growth and subcellular organelle-targeting peptides, as well as emerging strategies to enhance peptide stability and bioavailability that will support long-term implementation.</p>","PeriodicalId":8234,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of chemical and biomolecular engineering","volume":"14 ","pages":"243-264"},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2023-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9603997","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}