Applied Sciences最新文献_第3页

The Effectiveness of Exercise Programs on Balance, Functional Ability, Quality of Life, and Depression in Progressive Supranuclear Palsy: A Case Study 运动项目对进行性核上性麻痹患者的平衡能力、功能能力、生活质量和抑郁的影响：病例研究

Applied Sciences Pub Date : 2024-09-18 DOI: 10.3390/app14188368

Panagiotis Papamichail, Michail Michalas, Dimitris Krokos, Maria Balamoutsou, Panagiota Karkoula, Epameinondas Lyros, Vasiliki Sakellari, Anna Christakou

{"title":"The Effectiveness of Exercise Programs on Balance, Functional Ability, Quality of Life, and Depression in Progressive Supranuclear Palsy: A Case Study","authors":"Panagiotis Papamichail, Michail Michalas, Dimitris Krokos, Maria Balamoutsou, Panagiota Karkoula, Epameinondas Lyros, Vasiliki Sakellari, Anna Christakou","doi":"10.3390/app14188368","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/app14188368","url":null,"abstract":"Progressive supranuclear palsy is a form of atypical Parkinsonism. People living with Progressive Supranuclear Palsy have various symptoms, such as movement and cognitive disorders, which mainly affect balance and functional ability with an increased risk of falls, dexterity, and dementia. The role of exercise at the early stage of progressive supranuclear palsy remains unclear. The aim of the present study was to examine the effectiveness of an exercise program at the early stage of progressive supranuclear palsy. A patient with a diagnosis of progressive supranuclear palsy within the past year followed a supervised 12-week exercise program (two times per week) by a physiotherapist, with a session lasting about 40 min at a private physiotherapy clinic. Functional status, balance, quality of life, anxiety, and depression were assessed four times with valid instruments and tests. The results from the timed-up-and-go test demonstrated an improvement in performance (MCID value = 3.4). Improvements were observed in the scores of the Parkinson’s Disease Questionnaire-39 (MCID value = 0.6). Finally, an improvement was reported in the score of the anxiety factor of the hospital anxiety and depression scale (MCID value = 1.5). Physiotherapy appears to improve functional capacity, quality of life, and mental health. Further research is needed to confirm these results with a large sample size in combination with other complementary therapies such as mental imagery.","PeriodicalId":8224,"journal":{"name":"Applied Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142249169","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Limitations in Maximum Intensity Front Crawl in Swimmers with Down Syndrome 唐氏综合症游泳运动员最大强度前爬泳的局限性

Applied Sciences Pub Date : 2024-09-18 DOI: 10.3390/app14188387

Giampiero Merati, Damiano Formenti, Claudio Gandola, Paolo Castiglioni, Linda Casalini, Athos Trecroci, Luca Cavaggioni, Pietro Luigi Invernizzi, Umberto Menichino, Raffaele Scurati

{"title":"Limitations in Maximum Intensity Front Crawl in Swimmers with Down Syndrome","authors":"Giampiero Merati, Damiano Formenti, Claudio Gandola, Paolo Castiglioni, Linda Casalini, Athos Trecroci, Luca Cavaggioni, Pietro Luigi Invernizzi, Umberto Menichino, Raffaele Scurati","doi":"10.3390/app14188387","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/app14188387","url":null,"abstract":"Individuals with Down Syndrome exhibit deficits in muscle strength and cardiovascular adaptation, which limit athletic performance. We compared a maximum-intensity 50 m front crawl test between competitive male swimmers with Down Syndrome (SDS; n = 11; 26.5 ± 5.6 years; m ± SD) and a control group of swimmers (CNT; n = 11; 27.1 ± 4.0 years) with similar training routines (about 5 h/week). Wearable sternal sensors measured their heart rate and 3D accelerometry. The regularity index Sample Entropy (SampEn) was calculated using the X component of acceleration. The total times (SDS: 58.91 ± 13.68 s; CNT: 32.55 ± 3.70 s) and stroke counts (SDS: 66.1 ± 9.6; CNT: 51.4 ± 7.4) were significantly higher in the SDS group (p < 0.01). The heart rate was lower in the SDS group during immediate (SDS: 129 ± 15 bpm; CNT: 172 ± 11 bpm) and delayed recovery (30 s, SDS: 104 ± 23 bpm; CNT: 145 ± 21 bpm; 60 s, SDS: 79 ± 27 bpm; CNT: 114 ± 27 bpm) (p < 0.01 for all the comparisons). The SampEn of sternal acceleration showed no differences between the groups and between 0–25 m and 25–50 m. Body pitch correlated strongly with performance in the SDSs (R2 = 0.632, p < 0.01), but during the first 25 m only. The high-intensity front crawl performances differed between the SDS and CNT athletes in terms of time, biomechanics, and training adaptation, suggesting the need for tailored training to improve swimming efficiency in SDSs.","PeriodicalId":8224,"journal":{"name":"Applied Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142249225","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

An Effective Training Method for Counterfactual Multi-Agent Policy Network Based on Differential Evolution Algorithm 基于差分进化算法的反事实多代理策略网络的有效训练方法

Applied Sciences Pub Date : 2024-09-18 DOI: 10.3390/app14188383

Shaochun Qu, Ruiqi Guo, Zijian Cao, Jiawei Liu, Baolong Su, Minghao Liu

{"title":"An Effective Training Method for Counterfactual Multi-Agent Policy Network Based on Differential Evolution Algorithm","authors":"Shaochun Qu, Ruiqi Guo, Zijian Cao, Jiawei Liu, Baolong Su, Minghao Liu","doi":"10.3390/app14188383","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/app14188383","url":null,"abstract":"Due to the advantages of a centralized critic to estimate the Q-function value and decentralized actors to optimize the agents’ policies, counterfactual multi-agent (COMA) stands out in most multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) algorithms. The sharing of policy parameters can improve sampling efficiency and learning effectiveness, but it may lead to a lack of policy diversity. Hence, to balance parameter sharing and diversity among agents in COMA has been a persistent research topic. In this paper, an effective training method for a COMA policy network based on a differential evolution (DE) algorithm is proposed, named DE-COMA. DE-COMA introduces individuals in a population as computational units to construct the policy network with operations such as mutation, crossover, and selection. The average return of DE-COMA is set as the fitness function, and the best individual of policy network will be chosen for the next generation. By maintaining better parameter sharing to enhance parameter diversity, multi-agent strategies will become more exploratory. To validate the effectiveness of DE-COMA, experiments were conducted in the StarCraft II environment with 2s_vs_1sc, 2s3z, 3m, and 8m battle scenarios. Experimental results demonstrate that DE-COMA significantly outperforms the traditional COMA and most other multi-agent reinforcement learning algorithms in terms of win rate and convergence speed.","PeriodicalId":8224,"journal":{"name":"Applied Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142249221","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Optimisation of Not-from-Concentrate Goji Juice Processing Using Fuzzy Mathematics and Response Surface Methodology and Its Quality Assessment 利用模糊数学和响应面方法优化非浓缩枸杞汁加工及其质量评估

Applied Sciences Pub Date : 2024-09-18 DOI: 10.3390/app14188393

Xintao Meng, Duoduo Ye, Yan Pan, Ting Zhang, Lixian Liang, Yiming Liu, Yan Ma

{"title":"Optimisation of Not-from-Concentrate Goji Juice Processing Using Fuzzy Mathematics and Response Surface Methodology and Its Quality Assessment","authors":"Xintao Meng, Duoduo Ye, Yan Pan, Ting Zhang, Lixian Liang, Yiming Liu, Yan Ma","doi":"10.3390/app14188393","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/app14188393","url":null,"abstract":"Not-from-concentrate (NFC) juice effectively retains the original characteristics of the fruit. Despite the various health benefits of Goji berries, reports on the processing technology and quality changes of NFC goji juice are lacking. We optimised the processing technology of NFC goji juice. Employing fuzzy mathematics evaluation combined with response surface methodology based on single-factor experiments, the physicochemical, nutritional, and microbiological indicators of the juice were determined. Gas chromatography-ion mobility spectroscopy was used to analyse changes in volatile compounds before and after processing. The optimal processing parameters were: times for homogenisation, ultrasonication, and sterilisation of 2 min, 3 min, and 85 s, respectively, and sterilisation temperature of 102 °C. The resulting product had a sensory evaluation score of 85.5 and a rich, pleasant taste. The ratio of total soluble solids to titratable acidity and turbidity were 12.8 and 1420 NTU, respectively. Post-processing, the contents of β-carotene, polysaccharides, and betaine increased by 57.3%, 26.7%, and 31.5%, respectively. Microbiological indicators met Chinese national limits for food pollutants and microorganisms. The total relative content of volatile substances in NFC goji juice decreased by 19.86% after processing. This study provides a theoretical reference for the intensive processing and development of high-value goji berries.","PeriodicalId":8224,"journal":{"name":"Applied Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142249229","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Exploring the Association between Pro-Inflammation and the Early Diagnosis of Alzheimer’s Disease in Buccal Cells Using Immunocytochemistry and Machine Learning Techniques 利用免疫细胞化学和机器学习技术探索口腔细胞中的前炎症与阿尔茨海默病早期诊断之间的关联

Applied Sciences Pub Date : 2024-09-18 DOI: 10.3390/app14188372

Konstantinos Lazaros, Maria Gonidi, Nafsika Kontara, Marios G. Krokidis, Aristidis G. Vrahatis, Themis Exarchos, Panagiotis Vlamos

{"title":"Exploring the Association between Pro-Inflammation and the Early Diagnosis of Alzheimer’s Disease in Buccal Cells Using Immunocytochemistry and Machine Learning Techniques","authors":"Konstantinos Lazaros, Maria Gonidi, Nafsika Kontara, Marios G. Krokidis, Aristidis G. Vrahatis, Themis Exarchos, Panagiotis Vlamos","doi":"10.3390/app14188372","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/app14188372","url":null,"abstract":"The progressive aging of the global population and the high impact of neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD), underscore the urgent need for innovative diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. AD, the most prevalent neurodegenerative disorder among the elderly, is expected to affect 75 million people in developing countries by 2030. Despite extensive research, the precise etiology of AD remains elusive due to its heterogeneity and complexity. The key pathological features of AD, including amyloid-beta plaques and hyperphosphorylated tau protein, are established years before clinical symptoms appear. Recent studies highlight the pivotal role of neuroinflammation in AD pathogenesis, with the chronic activation of the brain’s immune system contributing to the disease’s progression. Pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6, are elevated in AD and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) patients, suggesting a strong link between peripheral inflammation and CNS degeneration. There is a pressing need for minimally invasive, cost-effective diagnostic methods. Buccal mucosa cells and saliva, which share an embryological origin with the CNS, show promise for AD diagnosis and prognosis. This study integrates cellular observations with advanced data processing and machine learning to identify significant biomarkers and patterns, aiming to enhance the early diagnosis and prevention strategies for AD.","PeriodicalId":8224,"journal":{"name":"Applied Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142249173","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Plastic Limit Pressure and Stress Intensity Factor for Cracked Elbow Containing Axial Semi-Elliptical Part-Through Crack 含轴向半椭圆形部分贯穿裂纹的裂纹弯头的塑性极限压力和应力集中系数

Applied Sciences Pub Date : 2024-09-18 DOI: 10.3390/app14188390

Božo Damjanović, Pejo Konjatić, Marko Katinić

引用次数: 0

Advancing Phantom Fabrication: Exploring 3D-Printed Solutions for Abdominal Imaging Research 推进模型制造：探索腹部成像研究的 3D 打印解决方案

Applied Sciences Pub Date : 2024-09-18 DOI: 10.3390/app14188384

Muris Becircic, Samir Delibegovic, Adnan Sehic, Fuad Julardzija, Adnan Beganovic, Kenana Ljuca, Adi Pandzic, Merim Jusufbegovic

{"title":"Advancing Phantom Fabrication: Exploring 3D-Printed Solutions for Abdominal Imaging Research","authors":"Muris Becircic, Samir Delibegovic, Adnan Sehic, Fuad Julardzija, Adnan Beganovic, Kenana Ljuca, Adi Pandzic, Merim Jusufbegovic","doi":"10.3390/app14188384","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/app14188384","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The development of novel medical imaging technologies and treatment procedures hinges on the availability of accurate and versatile phantoms. This paper presents a cost-effective approach for creating anthropomorphic abdominal phantoms. Methods: This study proposes a cost-effective method using 3D printing and readily available materials (beeswax, plaster, and epoxy resin) to create high-fidelity anthropomorphic abdominal phantoms. The three-dimensionally printed phantoms exhibited X-ray attenuation properties closely matching those of human tissues, with measured Hounsfield unit (HU) values of −115.41 ± 20.29 HU for fat, 65.61 ± 18.06 HU for muscle, and 510 ± 131.2 HU for bone. These values were compared against patient images and a commercially available phantom, and no statistically significant difference was observed in fat tissue simulation (p = 0.428). Differences were observed for muscle and bone tissues, in which the 3D-printed phantom demonstrated higher HU values compared with patient images (p < 0.001). The 3D-printed phantom’s bone simulation was statistically like that of the commercially available phantom (p = 0.063). Conclusion: This method offers a cost-effective, accessible, and customizable alternative for abdominal phantoms. This innovation has the potential to accelerate advancements in abdominal imaging research, leading to improved diagnostic tools and treatment options for patients. These phantoms could be used to develop and test new imaging techniques with high accuracy.","PeriodicalId":8224,"journal":{"name":"Applied Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142249219","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Ecological and Cost Advantage from the Implementation of Flight Simulation Training Devices for Pilot Training 在飞行员培训中使用飞行模拟训练设备的生态和成本优势

Applied Sciences Pub Date : 2024-09-18 DOI: 10.3390/app14188401

Marta Maciejewska, Paula Kurzawska-Pietrowicz, Marta Galant-Gołębiewska, Michał Gołębiewski, Remigiusz Jasiński

{"title":"Ecological and Cost Advantage from the Implementation of Flight Simulation Training Devices for Pilot Training","authors":"Marta Maciejewska, Paula Kurzawska-Pietrowicz, Marta Galant-Gołębiewska, Michał Gołębiewski, Remigiusz Jasiński","doi":"10.3390/app14188401","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/app14188401","url":null,"abstract":"The paper discusses a case study of obtaining an airline pilot license in integrated training—the so-called “from zero to Airline Transport Pilot License”. The environmental implications of simulator-based training were examined across multiple dimensions. Key areas of research include the reduction of harmful exhaust gases pollution associated with traditional flight training activities. Based on our analysis, it can be stated that increasing the use of Flight Simulation Training Devices in pilot training should be significant consideration. This approach brings many benefits, especially ecological ones. Changing the training program and increasing the use of flight simulators can result in a reduction of CO2 emissions by up to 70%. Based on country specific electricity factors, CO2 emissions during flight training in each EU country were calculated. Using Levelized Cost of Electricity average value to calculate training costs in EU countries depends on the mix of energy sources (wind, photovoltaics, carbon and gas). The findings highlight the significant ecological advantages of simulator-based training methods in mitigating the environmental footprint of aviation operations. By seeking to minimize environmental disruption and increase training efficiency, the adoption of simulators is a sustainable approach to pilot training that is consistent with global efforts to mitigate climate change and protect natural ecosystems.","PeriodicalId":8224,"journal":{"name":"Applied Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142249268","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Characterization of Mortars Incorporating Concrete Washing Fines: Impact on Mechanical Properties, Microstructure and Carbon Footprint 掺入混凝土洗涤细粉的砂浆的特性：对机械性能、微观结构和碳足迹的影响

Applied Sciences Pub Date : 2024-09-18 DOI: 10.3390/app14188381

Bechara Haddad, Farjallah Alassaad, Houssam Affan, Abdelrahman Mohamad, Nassim Sebaibi

{"title":"Characterization of Mortars Incorporating Concrete Washing Fines: Impact on Mechanical Properties, Microstructure and Carbon Footprint","authors":"Bechara Haddad, Farjallah Alassaad, Houssam Affan, Abdelrahman Mohamad, Nassim Sebaibi","doi":"10.3390/app14188381","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/app14188381","url":null,"abstract":"This study examines the potential use of wash fines, a waste product from concrete plant cleaning, as supplementary cementing materials (SCMs) in mortars. The main objective is to assess the feasibility and benefits of this incorporation in terms of technical performance and environmental impact. Extensive tests were carried out on different mortar formulations, incorporating varying rates of washing fines (0%, 10%, 20%, 30%) as a partial replacement for cement. This choice of replacement is prompted by the fineness of washing fine particles. The properties studied included compressive and flexural strength, porosity, density, water absorption, shrinkage and fire resistance. The results show that the incorporation of washing fines increases porosity and decreases mortar density. There was also a decrease in mechanical strength and fire resistance as the substitution rate increased. However, the use of washing fines enables a significant reduction in the mortar’s carbon footprint, reaching up to 29% for the formulation with 30% substitution. This study demonstrates the potential of washing fines as an alternative SCM, as part of a circular economy approach to reducing the environmental impact of the concrete industry. However, it underlines the need to optimize formulations to maintain acceptable technical performance.","PeriodicalId":8224,"journal":{"name":"Applied Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142249216","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Design of Minimal Model-Free Control Structure for Fast Trajectory Tracking of Robotic Arms 设计用于机械臂快速轨迹跟踪的最小无模型控制结构

Applied Sciences Pub Date : 2024-09-18 DOI: 10.3390/app14188405

Baptiste Toussaint, Maxime Raison

{"title":"Design of Minimal Model-Free Control Structure for Fast Trajectory Tracking of Robotic Arms","authors":"Baptiste Toussaint, Maxime Raison","doi":"10.3390/app14188405","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/app14188405","url":null,"abstract":"This paper designs a minimal neural network (NN)-based model-free control structure for the fast, accurate trajectory tracking of robotic arms, crucial for large movements, velocities, and accelerations. Trajectory tracking requires an accurate dynamic model or aggressive feedback. However, such models are hard to obtain due to nonlinearities and uncertainties, especially in low-cost, 3D-printed robotic arms. A recently proposed model-free architecture has used an NN for the dynamic compensation of a proportional derivative controller, but the minimal requirements and optimal conditions remain unclear, leading to overly complex architectures. This study aims to identify these requirements and design a minimal NN-based model-free control structure for trajectory tracking. Two architectures are compared, one NN per joint (INN) and one global NN (GNN), each tested on two serial robotic arms in simulations and real scenarios. The results show that the architecture reduces tracking errors (RMSE < 2°). The INN is accurate for decoupled joint dynamics and requires fewer training data than the GNN. A table summarizes the design process. Future works will apply this control structure to low-cost robotic arms and micro-movements.","PeriodicalId":8224,"journal":{"name":"Applied Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142249275","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0