Applied Animal Behaviour Science最新文献

{"title":"Solitary working hunting dogs show a higher tendency for magnetic alignment, with decreased alignment in older dogs","authors":"Kateřina Benediktová ,&nbsp;Natalia Iakovenko ,&nbsp;Jana Adámková ,&nbsp;Luděk Bartoš ,&nbsp;Hana Brinkeová ,&nbsp;Vlastimil Hart ,&nbsp;Jitka Bartošová ,&nbsp;Hynek Burda","doi":"10.1016/j.applanim.2025.106575","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.applanim.2025.106575","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Previous studies have suggested that domestic dogs may be able to sense the Earth's magnetic field. One way in which this sensory ability (magnetoreception) may be behaviourally expressed is via magnetic alignment, when animals align their bodies in a non-random direction relative to the geomagnetic field. Expression of magnetic alignment can vary depending on environmental and magnetic conditions, cognitive ability, motivation, experience, and possibly on dog breed. Here, we investigated whether magnetic alignment in domestic dogs varied according to breed working specialisation, particularly between breeds used for independent work away from their owners and those working closely with them. We analysed 4986 observations of dogs during excretion, categorising them into three groups based on their working specialisation: (1) non-hunting breeds cooperating closely with their owners, (2) hunting dogs working in visual contact with their owners, and (3) hunting dogs working independently of their owners out of sight. Although we did not observe a consistent pattern of magnetic alignment across all dogs, our results indicate that breeds working independently of their owners demonstrated a higher tendency to align their bodies along the North-South magnetic axis (N-S alignment) than those working closely with their owners. Additionally, the likelihood of N-S alignment decreased with the dogs' age, indicating that older dogs were less likely to exhibit this behaviour. Interestingly, dogs that defecated were more likely to align themselves than those that urinated. These findings highlight the importance of considering working specialisation and age in future studies of magnetoreception in dogs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8222,"journal":{"name":"Applied Animal Behaviour Science","volume":"285 ","pages":"Article 106575"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143508960","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Examining time sampling schemes for quantifying pullet and hen behavior","authors":"Qinyi Lu ,&nbsp;Jennifer Van Os ,&nbsp;Maja M. Makagon","doi":"10.1016/j.applanim.2025.106572","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.applanim.2025.106572","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Within poultry science, a variety of behavioral observation sampling methods have been used. Although the method for determining the acceptability of a chosen time sampling strategy should be provided, the reasoning behind the selection of a specific sampling strategy is seldom explained in publications. A previous study provided a framework for validating behavioral sampling schemes for adult laying hens. Rather than utilizing this framework, some researchers have used the results of the published time sample validation to justify their sampling scheme. However, the results may not be generalizable due to sample size limitations. Application of previously validated time sampling methods to new research contexts may be particularly problematic when a validation is completed on older birds but applied to other ages. This is due to developmentally relevant differences in activity levels and resource use. We examined the appropriateness of different interval scan sampling durations for estimating resource use by laying hen pullets reared in a single-platform aviary system. We hypothesized that younger birds would be more active, and therefore more frequent sampling would be needed to accurately capture their location within the aviary during the day. Dekalb White pullets were reared in 4 pens (55 per pen). Using continuous observations, we identified the location (floor, perch, ramp and platform) of each of 20 individually marked focal birds (5 pullets/pen) at 6 and 12 weeks of age. Observations were carried out on one of two days within each week (half of the pens observed on each day), for a total of 6 hours per day. We conducted pairwise comparisons between the actual frequencies of resource use (continuously sampled data converted into 1-s interval data) and data representing 1, 5, 10, 15, and 30 min scan intervals. Scan sampling intervals were deemed to be accurate if 3 criteria were met: the slope of the regression between the actual and estimated values did not differ from 1 (P &gt; 0.05), the intercept did not differ from 0 (P &gt; 0.05), and the association among the actual and estimated values was strong. The Benjamini-Hochberg adjustment was applied to account for multiple testing on the same data. The results demonstrate that different sampling intervals are appropriate for different resources and ages. The study highlights the necessity of validating behavioral sampling schemes for each age and behavior independently, as well as reporting the validation process in research publications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8222,"journal":{"name":"Applied Animal Behaviour Science","volume":"285 ","pages":"Article 106572"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143578068","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Behavioural indicators of infectious disease in managed animals","authors":"Christine Janet Nicol","doi":"10.1016/j.applanim.2025.106573","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.applanim.2025.106573","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Identifying reliable and valid behavioural indicators of infection in managed animals is increasingly important as the risks of emergent diseases increase alongside concomitant concerns over pathogen resistance and the environmental and safety impacts of traditional therapeutic treatments. Early behavioural detection of disease could help to curb transmission, assist in selecting resilient animals and guide facility design to help animals avoid infection and to support their recovery. This review explores the adaptability and flexibility of animal responses to pathogens, including behaviours that (i) favour disease avoidance (ii) are associated with immune activation (iii) directly resist pathogens (iv) are dysregulated leading to hypersensitivity and (v) are associated with pathogen tolerance. A key theme is that all of these behavioural responses are strongly modulated by contextual factors such as pain, hunger and social priorities. Efforts to develop and validate, and increasingly automate, behavioural indicators of infection have so far primarily focused on infection-induced changes in core behaviours such as feeding and general activity or on hypothesis-free machine-learning comparison. However, such approaches have limited specificity, sensitivity and may be hard to generalise across contexts. The current review suggests ways in which specificity could be improved by monitoring changes in behaviours that are more closely linked to immune activation e.g. sleep, attention and motor function, by a more granular focus, and by integration with clinical symptoms. It also proposes that sensitivity could be improved by monitoring pliant (“luxury”) behaviours and by intentional challenges or tests. Improved knowledge of how animals behave when infected could be used to design environments where the costs of resistance or tolerance are reduced and where recovery is promoted.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8222,"journal":{"name":"Applied Animal Behaviour Science","volume":"285 ","pages":"Article 106573"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143479595","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Behavioural effects of feed dilution and daily roughage provision in male Hubbard M77 broiler breeders during rearing","authors":"Fernanda M. Tahamtani,&nbsp;Kathe E. Kittelsen,&nbsp;Guro Vasdal","doi":"10.1016/j.applanim.2025.106561","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.applanim.2025.106561","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A growing public interest in broiler chicken welfare is leading to an increase in the number of private companies committing to switch to slower growing hybrids, particularly those approved by schemes such as the Better Chicken Commitment. These slow growing chickens are often, however, a result of cross breeding a slow growing hybrid with a conventional hybrid. The Hubbard JA787 for example, is fathered by the M77 which has a conventional growth rate. As such, these broiler breeder males still experience feed restriction as is routine with other conventional hybrids. This study, therefore, aimed at investigating the effects of a combination of qualitative feeding restriction strategies (i.e. feed dilution and daily roughage) on several behavioural indicators of welfare in Hubbard M77 broiler breeder cockerels during the rearing period. Two hundred M77 broiler breeder cockerels were housed from 5 to 10 weeks of age in 12 pens (6 pens/treatment). The treatments were conventional feed restriction (Control) and feed with 20 % dilution with oat hulls and a daily provision per pen of 150 g of alfalfa roughage (D+R). In the home pen, novel object (NO) tests and frustration assessments during thwarted feeding were conducted, with responses captured on video. Additionally, four birds from each pen underwent a tonic immobility (TI) test. These behavioural tests were carried out weekly at 6, 8, and 10 weeks of age. After euthanasia, two feathers from each bird were plucked and examined macroscopically for fault bars. The results from the NO test introduced doubt as to whether the D+R diet reduced hunger in the short term (4 hours) or increased it in the longer term (24 hours). In the frustration test, control birds performed more behavioural transitions and spent more time pacing and pecking the feed box than D+R birds (P &lt; 0.05), but these results were not consistent across weeks of age. Finally, no diet treatment differences were observed in the tonic immobility test or in the assessment of feather fault bars. We conclude that a combination of feed dilution with 20 % oat hulls and daily provision of roughage did not significantly improve M77 broiler breeder cockerel welfare during rearing according to the indicators assessed. Furthermore, the present study contributes to the growing literature suggesting that qualitative feed restriction, while promising in theory, in practice fails to deliver strong and consistent improvements to animal welfare.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8222,"journal":{"name":"Applied Animal Behaviour Science","volume":"285 ","pages":"Article 106561"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143464069","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hair cortisol assessment of equine assisted therapy horses: Assessing long-term welfare and influencing management factors","authors":"Štěpán Zítek ,&nbsp;Kristýna Machová ,&nbsp;Radka Procházková ,&nbsp;Zdislava Vaníčková ,&nbsp;Ivona Svobodová","doi":"10.1016/j.applanim.2025.106570","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.applanim.2025.106570","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study aimed to evaluate the long-term welfare of horses involved in Equine Assisted Therapy (EAT) using hair cortisol concentration (HCC) as an indicator of chronic stress. A total of 102 horses from 21 stables across the Czech Republic were included, with 69 horses participating in EAT (experimental group) and 35 horses participating in recreational riding (control group). Hair samples were taken from the mane and analyzed for HCC, reflecting stress levels over a six-week period. Statistical analyses were performed to compare cortisol levels between groups and to assess the influence of biological and management factors on HCC. The results showed no significant difference in HCC between the EAT horses (mean: 17.06 pg/mg, SD: 3.528) and the recreational horses (mean: 17.33 pg/mg, SD: 2.816) (p = 0.85), indicating that EAT does not inherently increase chronic stress levels when horses are managed appropriately. Among the factors analyzed, sex significantly influenced cortisol levels, with mares having lower HCC (mean: 15.776 pg/mg) compared to geldings (mean: 18.248 pg/mg) (p = 0.003). Other factors, such as age and type of housing, did not significantly affect HCC. In EAT horses, the type of therapeutic work performed was an important determinant of cortisol levels. Horses involved in less physically demanding activities, such as equine-facilitated learning and social care, had significantly lower HCC than those involved in more intensive therapies, such as equine-facilitated physiotherapy and occupational therapy (p &lt; 0.001). Time spent with a client was also significant. The number of clients per day has not significantly impacted HCC. In addition, management practices such as the frequency and distribution of rest periods were important. More frequent rest days throughout the year were associated with lower cortisol levels, with a moderate negative correlation (r = -0.492, p = 0.003). Factors such as breed, client weight, and the number of clients per day did not significantly impact cortisol levels This study highlights that EAT, when conducted under appropriate management conditions, does not compromise the welfare of horses when compared to recreational use. The results emphasize the importance of tailoring therapeutic activities to individual horses and ensuring consistent downtime to support their welfare. Further research is needed to explore additional factors influencing welfare and establish evidence-based guidelines for managing EAT horses. These findings provide valuable insights into the long-term welfare of horses used in therapeutic environments and contribute to optimizing EAT practices.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8222,"journal":{"name":"Applied Animal Behaviour Science","volume":"285 ","pages":"Article 106570"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143464081","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Can I touch you? A pilot study comparing consensual and non-consensual human-dog touch interactions","authors":"Amir Sarrafchi ,&nbsp;Natassja de Zwaan ,&nbsp;Maya Tucker ,&nbsp;Katrina Merkies","doi":"10.1016/j.applanim.2025.106560","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.applanim.2025.106560","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Choice and consent are critical welfare elements, especially in interactions between humans and animals. Dogs incorporated in therapeutic settings (therapy dogs) may encounter human touch interactions where they have limited control over their circumstances. The present study examined how forced and free-choice touch treatments during interaction with humans influenced the behaviour of therapy dogs and hypothesized that therapy dogs would display a higher frequency of stress-related behaviours during forced in comparison to free-choice touch treatment. The study involved 18 certified therapy dogs with 44 human participants. Each human interacted individually with up to four therapy dogs in forced and free-choice touch treatments for 3 min. During forced touch treatments, dogs were held on a leash by their owners while participants continuously touched the dog, but during free-choice touch treatments dogs roamed freely in a pen and participants were directed to touch them only if they approached within arm’s reach. Treatments were videoed for retrospective behavioural coding. A GLIMMIX for repeated measures tested the effect of treatment on dog behaviours. During forced touch there was a higher frequency of ear back behaviour (p = .0115) compared to free-choice touch treatment. Sniffing behaviour (p &lt; .0001) and avoidance of the participants (p &lt; .0001) occurred more frequently during free-choice touch compared to forced touch treatments. Dogs spent 77.9 % of their time within reach of the participants during free-choice touch treatments. Male dogs demonstrated a higher frequency of avoidance of participants (p = .0031) and interaction with owners (p = .0352) than female dogs, regardless of treatment. The findings revealed subtle behavioural differences in therapy dogs between forced and free-choice touch treatments with humans, highlighting the importance of incorporating choice and agency in human-dog interactions within therapy programs to enhance dog welfare.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8222,"journal":{"name":"Applied Animal Behaviour Science","volume":"285 ","pages":"Article 106560"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143429755","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"","authors":"John Eddison","doi":"10.1016/j.applanim.2025.106558","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.applanim.2025.106558","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8222,"journal":{"name":"Applied Animal Behaviour Science","volume":"285 ","pages":"Article 106558"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143437891","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fifty years of equine behavior research","authors":"Katherine A. Houpt ,&nbsp;Charles E. Houpt","doi":"10.1016/j.applanim.2025.106553","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.applanim.2025.106553","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Horse behavior has been a steady topic of interest in Applied Animal Behavior Science. In order to quantify the number of papers on equine behavior published during the first fifty years, we searched Applied Animal Ethology and Applied Animal Behaviour Science on Science Direct for papers on horses (<em>Equus caballus</em>) from 1974 through 2023. The papers on equine behavior can be divided by subject matter into eleven categories: welfare, maintenance, learning, personality, communication, Przewalski horse, foal behavior and development, cribbing, sexual, and maternal behavior. For cross-species comparison, all papers were further classified by the most common domestic animals. There have been 428 research papers on equine behavior published in Applied Animal Ethology and Applied Animal Behaviour Science. The number of papers on equine behavior was smaller than those on the behavior of food producing animals, but larger than those on cats and wild animals.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8222,"journal":{"name":"Applied Animal Behaviour Science","volume":"285 ","pages":"Article 106553"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143429754","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Increasing cage complexity reduces abnormal behaviours in farmed blue foxes","authors":"Eeva A. Ojala ,&nbsp;Anna Valros ,&nbsp;Jaakko Mononen","doi":"10.1016/j.applanim.2025.106559","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.applanim.2025.106559","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We studied the long-term effects of biweekly rotated enrichment objects and a permanent shelter screen on abnormal behaviour, daily activity, and stress physiology in juvenile female blue foxes (aged 3–9 months). The experiment lasted seven months, from August to February, following a 2 × 2 factorial design with groups of 8–10 foxes. We compared extra enrichment (E) versus basic enrichment (B) and the presence of a shelter screen (S) versus no screen (N). In the final month, we analysed stereotypic and fur chewing behaviours in 38 blue foxes using 48-hour video recordings. Daily activity was measured through instantaneous sampling at 10-minute intervals (IS-10 min), while abnormal behaviours were monitored using IS-1 min during active periods. Faecal cortisol metabolite (FCM) concentrations were analysed from 24-hour faecal samples collected in January. Monthly weighing tracked bodyweight loss towards the spring and breeding season. Scrabbling (scratching/digging) and oral stereotypies were the most common categories of abnormal behaviour, with IS scores of 1.1–1.2 % during active periods. Foxes losing more than 10 % of their bodyweight were scrabbling more, though three individuals with high weight loss exhibited low scrabbling scores, indicating a non-linear association. Enrichment reduced oral stereotypies and inter-individual differences in activity rates. The shelter screen did not influence the occurrence of abnormal behaviours but might have a lowering impact on FCM concentrations. Only cage location had a clear impact on FCMs, whereas other effects might have been obscured by the high individual variation. Overall, our study suggests that providing enrichment objects and avoiding periods of excessive feed restriction can reduce abnormal behaviours in juvenile female blue foxes. Our results highlight the need for category-specific analysis in addition to examining total abnormal behaviours.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8222,"journal":{"name":"Applied Animal Behaviour Science","volume":"284 ","pages":"Article 106559"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143421576","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Risk factors for human-directed aggression by dogs: The human side of the problem. A two-part systematic review and narrative synthesis","authors":"Helen Howell ,&nbsp;Ann Baslington-Davies ,&nbsp;Daniel S. Mills ,&nbsp;Todd E. Hogue","doi":"10.1016/j.applanim.2025.106552","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.applanim.2025.106552","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Dog bites are a significant public health problem. This two-part systematic review examines the characteristics of dog owners and owner-to-dog interactions as risk factors for human-directed dog aggression. Part One considers characteristics specific to dog owners that may affect risk and Part Two the interactions an owner may have with their dog. Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines were followed, although significant differences in the characteristics of the populations, study aims and methodologies, and available data across studies precluded the use of meta-analytic techniques so a narrative synthesis was undertaken. In Part One, 21 articles satisfied all inclusion criteria, and 18 articles were included for review in Part Two. The quality of the research in respect of identifying risk factors for human-directed dog aggression was assessed using an adapted Critical Appraisal Skills Programme (CASP) checklist. In Part One our analysis indicates that there is at least reasonable scientific evidence to support dog owning experience, the owner’s age, socioeconomic status, and owner personality as risk factors for human-directed dog aggression. However, the important factors possibly underpinning these relationships need to be elucidated further, to determine causality. It has been suggested that an owner’s involvement in criminal activity or gang culture, and the owner being part of a single parent household may affect the risk of human-directed dog aggression, however, the evidence for this is weaker. In Part Two we identified robust evidence for a relationship between the use of physical punishment or confrontational training methods and increased human-directed dog aggression. The purpose for which a dog was acquired, interaction styles of the owner toward the dog and the amount of time spent engaged in exercise or social activities with the dog were also identified as risk factors, though the scientific evidence for these is less robust. Aspects of husbandry and management, for example feeding a dog from the table, are suggested in the literature to be risk factors for human-directed dog aggression, however, the evidence to support these is weak. The review identified recurring methodological limitations in the research, with assumptions made over the causal nature of relationships when a bidirectional relationship might plausibly exist. Suggestions are made for future research directions to increase our understanding of risk factors specific to dog owners and owner-to-dog interactions, enable effective intervention and education strategies to be developed and inform government policy to reduce the risk of dog bite incidents.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8222,"journal":{"name":"Applied Animal Behaviour Science","volume":"284 ","pages":"Article 106552"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143421578","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}