Applied Animal Behaviour Science最新文献

{"title":"Evaluation of cortisol levels and behavior in dogs during animal-assisted interventions in clinical practice","authors":"Kohoutková Kateřina ,&nbsp;Machová Kristýna ,&nbsp;Procházková Radka ,&nbsp;Makovcová Aneta ,&nbsp;Zítek Štěpán ,&nbsp;Svobodová Ivona","doi":"10.1016/j.applanim.2024.106321","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.applanim.2024.106321","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Animal-assisted intervention (AAI) is designed to improve the physical or psychological condition of clients through targeted work that involves animals. For the long-term high-quality implementation of AAI, the maximum welfare of the participating animals must be ensured. The most frequently involved type of animal is the dog and therefore the aim of this study was the assessment of the cortisol level and the behavior of dogs during AAI. Fifteen dogs with long-term working experience in clinical practice with AAI were involved in the study. Cortisol was evaluated from a saliva sample during 4 experimental and 4 control days. On each day, the samples were taken three times in total - before the therapy, after its end, and with a half-hour interval. At the same times, samples were taken on control days as well. The ethogram questionnaire was used. After each session, the handler completed a questionnaire consisting of 25 behaviors. For each type of behavior, the handler indicated whether it occurred during the session and, if so, added the frequency of the behavior. Statistical analysis of the baseline data of the measured cortisol concentrations showed no statistically significant difference between the sampling times, on both experimental and control days. There was also no significant difference when comparing the data from the experimental and control days. The ethogram questionnaires recorded a difference between the different categories of behavior. Results indicate that when AAI is properly guided and respects the individual needs of the dog, AAI can be a meaningful and fulfilling activity that creates fun and active contact for the dog with its handler and the client.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8222,"journal":{"name":"Applied Animal Behaviour Science","volume":"277 ","pages":"Article 106321"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141541735","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of soybean meal enhancements on juvenile Arctic charr (Salvelinus alpinus) growth performance, gut microbiome and behavior","authors":"David Benhaïm ,&nbsp;Clara Sauphar ,&nbsp;Benoit Berlizot ,&nbsp;Gabrielle Ladurée ,&nbsp;Stephen Knobloch ,&nbsp;Rannveig Björnsdóttir ,&nbsp;Margareth Øverland ,&nbsp;Alexandra Leeper","doi":"10.1016/j.applanim.2024.106328","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.applanim.2024.106328","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Arctic charr has emerged as a valuable candidate for diversifying commercial salmonid products for human consumption. The selective process is ongoing and the species has not been fully domesticated yet. Considering these factors, the impact of fish meal replacement on Arctic charr may differ from that observed in other farmed salmonids. The aim of this multidiciplinary study was to determine whether enhancements to SBM (enzyme pre-treatment and prebiotic addition) facilitate beneficial changes in the growth performance, gut microbiome, and behavior of Arctic charr. The results show that juvenile Arctic charr can tolerate relatively high inclusion levels (25 %) of soybean when supplemented with a prebiotic. However, enzyme pre-treatment of SBM had no beneficial effect on this species. The gut microbiota, mainly consisting of one dominant taxon, <em>Mycoplasma</em> sp., did not appear to be influenced by feed-related bacterial remnants or by the type of feed applied. Behavioral differences and similarities were observed in fish fed different diets. High consistency in the exploration trait was noted, with no impact of diet treatment on its mean value. A response to light stress on swimming activity occurred, regardless of diet treatment. Fish fed the untreated soybean diet exhibited greater boldness, while those fed the enzyme pre-treated diet showed high consistency in boldness. A negative correlation between boldness and growth performance was identified; however, no relationship was found between exploration and growth performance, nor was there a boldness-exploration syndrome in fish fed any of the diet treatments. These differences could not be attributed to variations in the gut microbiome, but other mechanisms that remain to be elucidated might be involved. Further research is needed on the impact of dietary proteins on the behavior and welfare of Arctic charr to optimize existing and new protein sources.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8222,"journal":{"name":"Applied Animal Behaviour Science","volume":"276 ","pages":"Article 106328"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141444173","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Maternal contact and positive human interactions during lactation impact on pig stress resilience post-weaning","authors":"Katelyn Tomas ,&nbsp;Jemma Savaglia ,&nbsp;Kate J. Plush ,&nbsp;Darryl N. D’Souza ,&nbsp;Kym L. Butler ,&nbsp;Paul H. Hemsworth ,&nbsp;Alan J. Tilbrook","doi":"10.1016/j.applanim.2024.106326","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.applanim.2024.106326","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study investigated the impact of early life interactions on stress resilience of weaner pigs. The hypotheses tested were that reduced maternal contact increases the stress response of pigs to weaning, and that positive human contact during lactation reduces, the stress response of pigs to weaning. Ninety-eight litters were allocated to a 2×2 factorial randomised block design for treatments maternal contact (MC+) / reduced maternal contact (MC-); and positive human contact (HC+) / control (HC-). Modified farrowing crates were used to reduce maternal contact (MC-). Litters in the HC+ treatment received five minutes of daily positive human interaction (stroking). Treatments ceased at weaning (22 days old). Forty-three pigs were mixed into pens of the same treatment at weaning. Behavioral observations were conducted for 2 hours post-weaning and for 4 hours at 2 weeks post-weaning, along with behavioural responses to humans and isolation at 3 and 4 weeks post-weaning, respectively. Cortisol, haptoglobin and IgA concentrations were collected the day prior to weaning at rest, two hours post-weaning, one hour following isolation and at 4 weeks post-weaning and at 5 weeks post-weaning at rest (basal). End weight and survival were also recorded. Results showed that in the first 90 minutes after weaning, HC+ pigs exhibited more inactive behaviours (<em>P</em>&lt;0.05), and less aggressive and eating behaviours (<em>P</em>&lt;0.05) along with more social behaviours (<em>P</em>&lt;0.05) at 90–120 minutes compared to HC- pigs. These findings suggest a quicker stabilisation of behaviour following weaning. While maternal contact did not affect play, aggressive, social or drinking behaviours (<em>P</em>&gt;0.05), MC+ pigs exhibited more eating and active behaviours (<em>P</em>&lt;0.05) from 30 to 60 minutes post<strong>-</strong>weaning. There were no significant treatment effects (<em>P</em>&lt;0.05) on the physiological measures except at 5 weeks post-weaning where the IgA concentrations of the MC-/HC+ pigs remained steady while those of the other pigs increased five fold (<em>P</em>=0.002). While there were no treatment effects (<em>P</em>&lt;0.05) on the behaviour of pigs at rest at 2-weeks post-weaning, in response to isolation at 4 weeks post-weaning or on performance post-weaning, there was limited evidence that the MC- pigs were less fearful of humans in the test at 3 weeks post-weaning. Based on the behavioural response of pigs immediately following weaning, early positive handling assisted pigs to cope with the stress of weaning. While previous research provided evidence of maternal contact on stress resilience during lactation, the present study provides limited evidence of maternal contact on stress resilience of the weaned pig.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8222,"journal":{"name":"Applied Animal Behaviour Science","volume":"276 ","pages":"Article 106326"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0168159124001746/pdfft?md5=dfe966426f2c6e0b04649ecf2d0ed800&pid=1-s2.0-S0168159124001746-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141434867","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quality of human-animal interactions during beef cattle auctions in Panama","authors":"Joseph Kaled Grajales Cedeño ,&nbsp;Mateus J.R. Paranhos da Costa","doi":"10.1016/j.applanim.2024.106324","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.applanim.2024.106324","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study aimed to determine the quality of human-animal interactions during cattle auctions in Panama and to assess the relationship between cattle reactivity, value paid, and time spent on commercialization. Data were recorded by watching video records of 4531 individual cattle sold in the main Panamanian auctions. Cattle reactivity was assessed by one previously trained observer when the animals entered the box where they were exposed for sale, assigning one of three scores: 1 = calm, 2 = reactive, and 3 = very reactive. Human-animal interactions were assessed using a binary score to assess the occurrence of hitting (1) or not (0) during commercialization. When cattle were hit to stimulate movement, their reactivity was assessed again to determine whether hitting altered their behavior. The value paid (USD/kg of live weight), and the time spent on commercialization (s) of each animal were also recorded in a subsample of 704 animals. Cattle reactivity, genetic group, animal category, auction location and phase of commercialization influenced the occurrence of hits (p&lt;0.05). Hitting altered cattle reactivity (p&lt;0.001); 95 % of the animals scored calm when they entered the auction box, dropped to 85 % after being hit. There was a significant effect of the reactivity score (p&lt;0.05), genetic group (p=0.01), location (p&lt;0.001) and auction phase (p=0.002) on the number of hits received by the cattle when inside the auction box. The median value paid for very reactive cattle tended to be higher than for calm cattle (1.85 vs 1.82 USD/kg; respectively; p=0.06). There were no differences in the time spent on commercialization according to cattle reactivity (p&gt;0.05). In conclusion, cattle reactivity, and auction phase, in addition to other factors such as genetic group, animal category, and auction location, affected the frequency of negative human-animal interactions during commercialization. Cattle reactivity tended to affect the price paid per head of cattle but not the time spent in marketing.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8222,"journal":{"name":"Applied Animal Behaviour Science","volume":"276 ","pages":"Article 106324"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141434906","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Qualitative feed restriction affects frustration, fear, motivation to explore, and feather fault bars in Ross 308 broiler breeder cockerels","authors":"Fernanda M. Tahamtani,&nbsp;Kathe E. Kittelsen,&nbsp;Guro Vasdal","doi":"10.1016/j.applanim.2024.106327","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.applanim.2024.106327","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Broiler breeders show behaviours indicative of hunger and frustration stemming from unfulfilled behavioural needs for feeding. This is largely due to quantitative feed restriction which is common practice in the management of these birds, particularly in the rearing period. As an alternative, qualitative feed restriction allows a larger portion of feed to be provided without increasing the caloric intake. While several studies have assessed the effects of qualitative feeding on female broiler breeders, no such assessment has been done on broiler breeder cockerels. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of feed dilution and roughage on the level of stress, fear and motivation to explore of broiler breeder cockerels. 200 Ross 308 broiler breeder cockerels (between 5 and 10 weeks of age) were housed in 12 pens (6 pens/treatment), 17 birds/pen. The treatments were standard feed (Control) and feed diluted with 20 % insoluble oat hulls and 150 g of alfalfa roughage daily/pen (D+R). The D+R birds received 20 % more feed per day. Novel object (NO) and frustration during thwarted feeding tests were performed in the home pen and the response recorded with video cameras. In addition, four birds from each pen were subjected to a tonic immobility test (TI). All behavioural tests were performed once a week at 6, 8 and 10 weeks of age. Finally, after euthanasia, two feathers from each bird were plucked and macroscopically examined for the presence of fault bars. The control birds showed a tendency to approach the NO faster than the D+R birds (P = 0.07) and were more likely to approach at 10 weeks of age (P = 0.006). In the frustration test, D+R birds spent less time pecking the feed container (P = 0.049), more time standing (P = 0.01) and tended to have fewer behavioural transitions (P = 0.09) than control birds, which indicates a reduction in frustration levels. In addition, Control birds stayed in TI longer than D+R birds (160.7 ± 15.5 s and 98.1 ± 15.4, respectively. P = 0.005). However, D+R had more fault bars compared to Control birds (P = 0.02), highlighting that care is needed to interpret these contradicting results. Nevertheless, the results show that the combination of feed dilution and daily roughage can have positive effects on the welfare of broiler breeder cockerels by reducing the sensation of hunger as indicated by fear, frustration, and motivation to explore.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8222,"journal":{"name":"Applied Animal Behaviour Science","volume":"276 ","pages":"Article 106327"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0168159124001758/pdfft?md5=421f11efe1be383f10444fb4a6331827&pid=1-s2.0-S0168159124001758-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141438468","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of habitat and baiting strategy on oral rabies vaccine bait uptake by raccoons in the southeastern United States","authors":"Jacob E. Hill ,&nbsp;Madison L. Miller ,&nbsp;Richard B. Chipman ,&nbsp;Amy T. Gilbert ,&nbsp;James C. Beasley ,&nbsp;Guha Dharmarajan ,&nbsp;Olin E. Rhodes","doi":"10.1016/j.applanim.2024.106320","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.applanim.2024.106320","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Oral rabies vaccination (ORV) is the primary tool for landscape level control and elimination of rabies virus in terrestrial wildlife species. However, there is currently a limited understanding of how different baiting strategies influence raccoon (<em>Procyon lotor</em>) uptake of ORV baits in non-agricultural habitats in the Southeastern United States, which may hinder the refinement of ORV management for raccoons in this region. Using a combination of new and existing data, we investigated the role of baited area (0.16 vs 3 km²), bait density (75 vs 150 baits/km²) and season (spring vs fall) on placebo ORV bait uptake by raccoons in four rural, non-agricultural habitats in the southeastern United States (bottomland hardwood forest, upland pine forest, riparian forest, and isolated wetlands). Increasing the baited area to 3 km² increased the proportion of raccoons that consumed baits by 140 % in riparian forests and decreased the proportion consuming baits by 70 % in bottomland hardwood forests. A greater proportion of raccoons consumed baits in riparian habitat in spring compared to fall, but bait density did not influence uptake in either season in this habitat. Increasing the bait density during spring in bottomland hardwoods increased the proportion of raccoons that consumed baits by 270 %, but there was no effect of increasing bait density in bottomland hardwoods during fall. We suggest that variation in habitat contiguity and seasonal resource availability influence how raccoons utilize these habitats which in turn impacts habitat-specific ORV bait uptake. The estimated proportion of raccoons that consumed baits did not exceed 60 % for any treatment, and for most treatments was less than 40 %. These low uptake rates indicate a need for research into additional strategies to maximize raccoon uptake of ORV baits across rural, non-agricultural southeastern landscapes.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8222,"journal":{"name":"Applied Animal Behaviour Science","volume":"277 ","pages":"Article 106320"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141541734","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Current social management practices contribute to reproductive failure in zoo-housed guenons","authors":"Marika Svobodova ,&nbsp;Nicola Khan ,&nbsp;Matt Hartley","doi":"10.1016/j.applanim.2024.106307","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.applanim.2024.106307","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Recent emphasis on reflecting natural behaviour and wild group composition in zoo-housed social animals has resulted in substantial improvement in captive breeding and welfare. We investigated studbook data for four guenon species housed in European zoos to assess the role of zoo management practices in the reproductive success of social species. We hypothesized that group dynamics reflecting wild living, including early social experience, would be associated with greater reproductive success. Our findings are presented in a standardized qualitative risk assessment with an additional certainty measure in the form of literature evidence. We found that greater reproductive success was associated with more potential breeding partners in L’Hoest’s, Roloway and Diana monkeys and with larger group sizes in all species studied here, providing support that mimicking wild group size, composition, and dynamics under captive conditions can improve reproductive success. Unexpectedly, greater reproductive success was associated with earlier first inter-facility transfers in female L’Hoest’s and Diana monkeys, and with more frequent inter-facility transfers in male L’Hoest’s and Diana monkeys. Furthermore, for male Diana monkeys and female and male L’Hoest’s monkeys, mothers with less reproductive and rearing experience tended to produce offspring that in turn had greater reproductive success, hinting at more complex and sex-differentiated mechanisms underlying sub-optimal reproduction in zoo guenons. Our findings highlight the importance of carrying out species-specific studies, and demonstrate that zoo management and husbandry practices can inadvertently impact reproductive success. We recommend that zoos holding guenons consider reducing the number of guenon species they hold in favour of increasing group size to improve reproductive success.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8222,"journal":{"name":"Applied Animal Behaviour Science","volume":"276 ","pages":"Article 106307"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141303147","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Who’s testing and who’s being tested: A cautionary tale of citizen science within applied animal behaviour science","authors":"Karen E. Griffin ,&nbsp;Elizabeth John ,&nbsp;Tom Pike ,&nbsp;Daniel S. Mills","doi":"10.1016/j.applanim.2024.106316","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.applanim.2024.106316","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Citizen science has become a popular means to collect data in many research fields, including animal behaviour science. Using this approach has numerous potential benefits (e.g. larger sample sizes, decreased strain on resources, increasing the public’s engagement in science), but there are also issues and assumptions relating to data quality that should be considered. The aim of this study was to assess the reliability of a battery of game-like tests developed to assess behavioural flexibility in dogs. The battery was administered to samples of shelter dogs and owned dogs who had remained in homes long-term. From the two populations, four test groups were created: shelter dogs assessed by the principal investigator (n=85), shelter dogs assessed by shelter staff/volunteers (n=34), long-term owned dogs assessed by the principal investigator (n=21), and long-term dogs assessed by their owners (n=29). Shelter staff/volunteers and dog owners participated as “citizen scientists”. It is accepted that using less skilled “citizen” researchers increases the error within the data, but often claimed that this is offset by larger sample sizes. This implies that the increased error is random and not systematic. Whether who (citizen versus trained researcher) tested the group in a given context was associated with overall test item outcomes was evaluated. In two of the tests, the Alone Time Test and the Three-Toy Test, tester was found to be associated with outcomes. In the Alone Time Test, tester was associated with four items in the shelter dog samples and with three in the long-term owned dog samples. In the Three Toy Test, a series of subsequent items were contingent on the first, and the outcome of that initial item was related to tester. These results demonstrate that it is unwise to assume that the increased error from citizen science work is largely random and thus evened out by the use of a large sample of researchers. Unexpected systematic error might arise within citizen science projects so controls need to be introduced to test for these effects, so that unsound assumptions are not made. There may also be relatively unique factors, beyond researcher objectivity, to consider when using a citizen science approach to study domestic dogs, such as the bidirectional influence on behaviour of any emotional bond between the owner or shelter staff/volunteer and the dog being tested. These results highlight the need for quality checks and preliminary analysis to ensure the identification of any relevant tester effects.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8222,"journal":{"name":"Applied Animal Behaviour Science","volume":"276 ","pages":"Article 106316"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0168159124001643/pdfft?md5=99410a99bf4a278eb53e8c6147c217b1&pid=1-s2.0-S0168159124001643-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141313214","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Consistency of behavioral profiles in zebrafish: A machine learning approach to bold and shy individual differences","authors":"João Paulo Medeiros Mamede ,&nbsp;Heloysa Araujo-Silva ,&nbsp;Maria Clara Galvão-Pereira ,&nbsp;Fúlvio Aurelio de Morais Freire ,&nbsp;William J. Norton ,&nbsp;Ana Carolina Luchiari","doi":"10.1016/j.applanim.2024.106317","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.applanim.2024.106317","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Behavioral variation among individuals is ascribed to the species' biology and the life history of each one. Many study areas consider individual differences, acknowledging their significant impact on fitness. Although boldness remains the most extensively studied behavioral dimension of individual differences in animals, ongoing debates persist regarding the evaluation of behavioral consistency over time and between contexts, as well as the determination of which features are crucial for delineating profiles. In this study, we investigated which behavioral traits explain the profiles of shyness and boldness and assessed their temporal and contextual consistency. For this, we divided zebrafish into bold and shy profiles by applying an emergence test (black-to-white entrance) three consecutive times with the same population of fish. The two groups formed (bold and shy) went through five different behavioural tests: novel tank, open field, black and white preference, aggressiveness, and sociability, which were employed twice, with an interval of 30 days. Bold animals showed less anxiety-like behaviour and higher aggressiveness compared to shy animals, and this pattern remained consistent over time for the two contexts. This suite of related behavious were considered the main factors to classify zebrafish into bold and shy profiles. In addition, the consistency appeared to be context dependent. The differences noted in the behavioural profiles allowed us to understand aspects of behavioural syndromes and how individuals behave when facing environmental challenges in different situations.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8222,"journal":{"name":"Applied Animal Behaviour Science","volume":"276 ","pages":"Article 106317"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141412135","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Altered reproductive behaviour in siamese fighting fish (Betta splendens) after exposure to different level of turbidity derived from palm oil mill effluent","authors":"Ilham Zulfahmi ,&nbsp;Agung Setia Batubara ,&nbsp;Adli Waliul Perdana ,&nbsp;Badratun Nafis ,&nbsp;Tasya Alniza Putri ,&nbsp;Furqan Maghfiriadi ,&nbsp;Firman M. Nur ,&nbsp;Kizar Ahmed Sumon ,&nbsp;Mohammad Mahmudur Rahman","doi":"10.1016/j.applanim.2024.106308","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.applanim.2024.106308","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Increased turbidity due to Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME) contamination has been reported in several water bodies. However, the impact of POME-derived turbidity on the reproductive behaviour of fish is still unexplored. Hence, this study was aimed to investigate the alteration in reproductive behavior of siamese fighting fish (<em>Betta splendens</em>) after exposure to different levels of turbidity derived from POME. In total, 12 sexually mature pairs of siamese fighting fish were exposed to the different levels of turbidity, namely &lt;1 NTU (control), 20 NTU (Treatment A), 40 NTU (Treatment B), and 60 NTU (Treatment C) with three replicates. Reproductive performance (total released egg, relative weight of released eggs, and nest area) and behaviour parameters (fin spreads, tail beats, chasing, leads, circling, and copulation) were measured. Results showed that an increase in turbidity (&gt;40 NTU) due to POME contamination significantly decreased total released egg but did not have significant impact on relative weight of released eggs and nest area. Decreased total released eggs was occurred due to several alterations in the reproductive behaviour of siamese fighting fish during both the premating and mating stages. Duration of premating and mating stage was significantly decreased at turbidity level of 60 NTU. During premating stage, the number and average time of fin spreads behaviour at turbidity level of 60 NTU were significantly increased. In addition to, the number of chasing behaviour was significantly decreased with increasing turbidity levels. Furthermore, several alterations in reproductive behavior was also observed in mating stage, including increasing number and average time of lead, copulation interval, number of tail beat, average time of lead, and average time of circlings, followed by decreasing number of leads and number of circlings. In addition to, number of copulation and eggs per copulation showed an increasing and decreasing pattern at turbidity level of 40 and 60 NTU, respectively. The study suggests that reproductive behavior of fish might consider as alternative approach to support POME remediation management, mainly for turbidity parameters.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8222,"journal":{"name":"Applied Animal Behaviour Science","volume":"276 ","pages":"Article 106308"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141303146","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}