Applied Animal Behaviour Science最新文献

{"title":"Paw preference as an indicator of operational suitability in working dogs: An ex post facto analysis","authors":"Allen Goldblatt,&nbsp;Irit Gazit,&nbsp;Ehud Cappon,&nbsp;Joseph Terkel","doi":"10.1016/j.applanim.2023.105900","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.applanim.2023.105900","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Paw laterality has been linked to personality and performance in dogs<span>. Although some research has shown that right-pawed dogs are more aggressive and less fearful, the majority of research suggests that the degree of laterality is more predictive of behavior than of a simple preference for the right or left paw. In a retrospective study we analyzed laterality in dogs that were separated into two groups: a fully operational group and a semi-operational group. The decision as to which group was based on a behavioral assessment by the chief trainer. We selected dogs on the basis of availability from these two groups and measured the direction and extent of laterality using a WALK test and a COME test. In both tests we determined which paw was moved first. Our results revealed that most of the dogs showed a right-paw preference, with no difference between the operational and semi-operational dogs. However, regarding the extent of laterality, the semi-operational dogs showed significantly less laterality than the operational dogs. Given that laterality measures seem to be consistent over time (Tomkins et al., 2010b), we found that if laterality had been a criterion used when purchasing the dogs, our selection process would have been significantly improved.</span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":8222,"journal":{"name":"Applied Animal Behaviour Science","volume":"262 ","pages":"Article 105900"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44271544","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genetic and environmental parameters for behavioural responses towards humans in farmed ostriches","authors":"Pfunzo T. Muvhali ,&nbsp;Maud Bonato ,&nbsp;Anel Engelbrecht ,&nbsp;Irek A. Malecki ,&nbsp;Schalk W.P. Cloete","doi":"10.1016/j.applanim.2023.105907","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.applanim.2023.105907","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span>This study investigated the effect of human-ostrich interactions at an early age on behavioural responses towards humans later in life, as well as computed genetic parameters for behavioural responses towards humans. Responses recorded were a willingness to approach a human handler, allowing touch interactions with the handler, keeping a distance from the handler, wing flapping and excessive pecking directed at the handler at flock level. Ostrich chicks were exposed to human voice, gentle touch and visual interactions (HP1), to human voice and visual interaction only, without touch interactions (HP2), and limited human interactions (only daily provision of food and water and handling for routine husbandry practices; standard and foster). Foster chicks were reared by a breeding pair, while the general chick rearing practice at the farm was used for standard chicks. Behavioural responses to humans were subsequently investigated on 1 092 ostriches between the ages of 8–19 months. HP1 and HP2 birds were more inclined to approach the handler and allow touch interactions, while a lower number of birds from these treatments distanced themselves from the handler, compared to those that had limited interactions with humans. Males were more likely to approach, allow touch interactions, and engage in wing flapping, while they were also less likely to keep a distance from the handler than females. HP1 and HP2 birds were more likely to interact with, and less likely to distance themselves from a familiar than an unfamiliar handler. Heritability estimates ranged from 0.15 (wing flapping and excessive pecking) to 0.38 (approach and keeping a distance). Repeatability estimates ranged from 0.33 (wing flapping) to 0.55 (approach and keeping a distance). Human-ostrich interactions can thus be improved by integrating extensive human presence and regular gentle handling in the husbandry practices for </span>ostrich chicks. Selection of breeder birds with a desirable temperament will fast-track domestication in this recently domesticated species.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8222,"journal":{"name":"Applied Animal Behaviour Science","volume":"262 ","pages":"Article 105907"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47805011","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Behavioural reactions of rabbits during AAI sessions","authors":"Michaela Součková,&nbsp;Lucie Přibylová,&nbsp;Lenka Jurčová,&nbsp;Helena Chaloupková","doi":"10.1016/j.applanim.2023.105908","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.applanim.2023.105908","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The use of rabbits for therapy is becoming more popular. However, only a few studies have been conducted into their welfare during these sessions. The question arises: How do these prey animals experience such close contact with humans, often with children, when their instinctive reaction is to flee and hide? Recent studies have shown that small movements of the eyes, ears, nostrils, or jaw are indicative of the emotional state of animals. The aim of the presented pilot study was therefore to assess the emotional state of rabbits based on behavioural changes during animal assisted interventions (AAI) in three different situations. The randomized controlled in-house experiment, with repeated measurements, involved 9 female domesticated rabbits of 9–10 months of age, which were used to being handled by humans, and 4 boys aged 9–11 years. The rabbits were observed in the following situations: a) on a specially adapted table without any human intervention and with the possibility for the rabbit to retreat, b) on a specially adapted table with participant present and with the possibility to retreat, c) on a pillow on the child’s lap during an AAI. Several behaviour indicators were observed, namely the position of the rabbit’s ears, the openness of the eyes, the freeze reaction, and the frequency of self-grooming. The behaviour of the rabbits was video-recorded and then analysed using Observer XT software. For the statistical analysis, SAS software (version 9.4; procedures MIXED and GLIMMIX) was used. When placed on a child’s lap, the rabbits displayed significantly more discomfort compared to both table situations, as evidenced by the length of time their ears were pressed back and their eyes were closed, and by the higher frequency of the freeze reaction. The significant positive effect of the specially adapted table was behaviourally evident in terms of lower frequency of the freeze reaction compared to the lap situation. The length of time the rabbits’ ears were pressed back was significantly shorter in the situation with the table and a child present compared to when they were directly placed on a child’s lap. Shorter duration of eyes closed was apparent in the situation with the table and a child present compared to situation on a child’s lap, but the difference was not significant. This study reveals that rabbits experience negative emotional response during AAI sessions. Further studies are therefore needed to better understand a rabbit’s emotional state when used for AAI.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8222,"journal":{"name":"Applied Animal Behaviour Science","volume":"262 ","pages":"Article 105908"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46189395","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of different cage sizes and nest settings on laying hen nesting behavior and the proportion of dirty eggs in furnished cages","authors":"Hanqing Sun ,&nbsp;Peng Zhao ,&nbsp;Yingying Su ,&nbsp;Qian Zhao ,&nbsp;Xiang Li ,&nbsp;Jun Bao","doi":"10.1016/j.applanim.2023.105917","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.applanim.2023.105917","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Furnished cages may promote laying hen welfare more than the traditional cage, but the high proportion of dirty eggs in the furnished cage system could directly affect the exterior quality of eggs, reducing the economic advantage of the furnished cage production system. The problem of the high proportion of dirty eggs reveals defects in the design of the cage, and it may also indicate competition among hens, affecting the utilization of nests. The research aimed to examine the effects of cage size, nest location, and degree of enclosure on behavioral adaptation and the proportion of dirty eggs. Nine hundred laying hens (Hy-line Brown) were housed in cages with eight different types of nests, and the experiment began at the 18 weeks of age and ended at week 38. The proportion of dirty eggs and the nesting behavior of hens were recorded. The number of nest visits and the sitting behavior of the hens in the medium furnished cage were significantly higher than in the large furnished cage (visits: P &lt; 0.01; sitting: P &lt; 0.01). The number of nest visits in the higher nests was significantly greater to lower nests (P = 0.01). The number of nest visits in the enclosed type nests was significantly higher than in the open type nests (P = 0.01). The cage size, nest location, and amount of enclosure had no significant effect on the proportion of dirty eggs (P &gt; 0.05). In conclusion, the enclosed nests in a higher location were more attractive for laying hens.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8222,"journal":{"name":"Applied Animal Behaviour Science","volume":"262 ","pages":"Article 105917"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43618332","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of social enrichment on transport stress in fish: a behavioural approach","authors":"M. Jones ,&nbsp;M.E. Alexander ,&nbsp;S. Lightbody ,&nbsp;D. Snellgrove ,&nbsp;P. Smith ,&nbsp;S. Bramhall ,&nbsp;F.L. Henriquez ,&nbsp;I. McLellan ,&nbsp;K.A. Sloman","doi":"10.1016/j.applanim.2023.105920","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.applanim.2023.105920","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Ornamental fishes are among the most commonly owned companion animals in the world, however, the transportation process during acquisition can result in fishes being exposed to biotic and abiotic conditions which compromise welfare. While many studies have considered methods of improving welfare for food fishes through physical and social enrichment, few have considered how to improve welfare of ornamental fishes post-transport. We investigated whether (i) being introduced into an empty tank, a tank with resident conspecifics (variatus platys; <em>Xiphophorus variatus</em>), or a tank with resident heterospecifics (common mollies; <em>P. sphenops</em>) and (ii) being able to see resident fish in an adjacent tank affected stress-associated behaviour post-transport. Videos of variatus platys being introduced to their treatment tanks were taken immediately on release following transport, and at 1, 24, 72, 120 and 168 h after release. Behaviours, including biting, chasing, erratic movement and time spent immobile, were analysed across all time points. Latency to forage was analysed immediately upon release post-transport only. The social composition of the tanks that the variatus platys were placed in influenced the majority of behaviours analysed, however visual cues only had a significant effect on chasing behaviour at 168 h post release and on biting behaviours of resident fish towards transported fish. Fish placed in tanks with resident conspecifics exhibited significantly more agonistic behaviours than those introduced into empty tanks or with resident heterospecifics. Variatus platys introduced into tanks with resident conspecifics had shorter foraging latencies. It is clear that tank composition post-transport has an effect on behaviour of ornamental fishes and represents a way in which retailers can implement welfare improvements.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8222,"journal":{"name":"Applied Animal Behaviour Science","volume":"262 ","pages":"Article 105920"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46027600","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Air temperature and humidity effects on the performance of conservation detection dogs","authors":"Georg Wohlfahrt ,&nbsp;Michael Schmitt ,&nbsp;Lisa Zeller ,&nbsp;Alexandra Hörand ,&nbsp;Kathleen Spittel-Schnell ,&nbsp;Tabea Wulms ,&nbsp;Robert Schnell ,&nbsp;Maximilian Bültge","doi":"10.1016/j.applanim.2023.105909","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.applanim.2023.105909","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Air temperature and relative humidity affect both the emanation of the biogenic volatile organic compounds characterizing the scent of target species on which conservation detection dogs (CDDs) are trained on, as well as their physiological state and may thus affect their ability to reliably detect these target scents. While field studies increasingly monitor and account for environmental conditions, a systematic assessment of how air temperature and relative humidity affect the performance of CDDs under controlled conditions is missing. To overcome this limitation, seven CDDs were exposed to a wide range of simulated air temperature and relative humidity combinations in a controlled climate chamber setting and their ability to detect four target scents was quantified in a standardized fashion. Limited by replication, we found only weak statistical evidence for temperature and relative humidity to affect the performance of CDDs. Diagnostic sensitivity tended to decrease at lower temperatures, while diagnostic specificity decreased at higher temperatures, which we hypothesize to reflect reduced scent production at lower and increasing physiological stress at higher temperatures, respectively. Statistical evidence for effects on relative humidity were weaker and less consistent compared to temperature. Generally, significant differences were observed between individual CDDs and target scents and interactions between these, which may have contributed to the observed limited statistical evidence and calls for better replication in future research. We conclude that air temperature and relative humidity affect CDD performance in complex ways and should thus be monitored and, to the degree that this is feasible, controlled for during field surveys.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8222,"journal":{"name":"Applied Animal Behaviour Science","volume":"262 ","pages":"Article 105909"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48449377","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"“Dropping” in male horses during training: Part 1. Perceptions from horse trainers","authors":"Katrina Merkies ,&nbsp;Olivia Franzin","doi":"10.1016/j.applanim.2023.105896","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.applanim.2023.105896","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Horse trainers, in particular those using positive reinforcement, have noted dropping (penile tumescence) occurring during training sessions. Dropping has variably been interpreted as a sign of relaxation or frustration which can lead to misinterpretation and inappropriate use of management strategies. The objective of this study was to understand the incidence and perception of dropping by horse trainers. Trainers (n = 218) completed an online survey reporting trainer and horse demographics, training methods, dropping characteristics and perceptions. Trainers reported dropping during a session as highly variable in duration (0–100% of the time) and frequency (0 to multiple times). Natural horsemanship and traditional trainers reported dropping occurring less often (p = .002) and for shorter duration (p = .030) than positive reinforcement and combination trainers. Reported dropping occurred more often when food rewards were involved (p &lt; .001). The reported use of touch (p = .089) and voice (p = .656) during training sessions was not related to the frequency or duration of penile dropping. How trainers managed and interpreted dropping behavior, how it made them feel and whether they believed it was a problem was not related to any demographic characteristics or their training style (p &gt; .06). Most respondents reported ignoring dropping (61.7%) and did not believe it was a problem (59.4%). Qualitative analysis of open-ended comments categorized dropping as either a positive (indicating relaxation and enjoyment), negative (indicating frustration and overstimulation), food-related (response to too high value or too slow a provision of treat rewards) or situation-specific (learning new tasks or taking a break) event. These results suggest that dropping is related to the provision of food rewards and is highly variable.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8222,"journal":{"name":"Applied Animal Behaviour Science","volume":"261 ","pages":"Article 105896"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46230800","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Interspecific oral rabies vaccine bait competition in the Southeast United States","authors":"Wesley C. Dixon ,&nbsp;Jacob E. Hill ,&nbsp;Richard B. Chipman ,&nbsp;Amy J. Davis ,&nbsp;Amy T. Gilbert ,&nbsp;James C. Beasley ,&nbsp;Olin E. Rhodes Jr. ,&nbsp;Guha Dharmarajan","doi":"10.1016/j.applanim.2023.105897","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.applanim.2023.105897","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span><span>The United States Department of Agriculture’s National Rabies Management Program (NRMP) has coordinated the use of oral rabies vaccination (ORV) to control the spread of raccoon rabies virus variant west of the Appalachian Mountains since 1997. Working with state and local partners, the NRMP deploys ORV baits containing a </span>rabies vaccine, primarily targeting raccoon populations (</span><span><em>Procyon lotor</em></span><span>). Bait competition between raccoons and non-target species may limit the effectiveness of ORV programs, but the extent of bait competition remains poorly quantified, particularly in the southeastern United States. We placed placebo<span> ORV baits in bottomland hardwood (n = 637 baits) and upland pine (n = 681 baits) habitats in South Carolina, USA during August-December 2019 and used remote cameras to examine bait competition between raccoons and non-target species. The estimated proportion of bait consumed by raccoons was 18.8 ± 2.1% in bottomland hardwood and 11.6 ± 2.1% in upland pine habitats. Vertebrate competition appeared to have a minimal effect on raccoon uptake as estimated consumption did not exceed 5% for any species or 8% of bait uptake events cumulatively. We estimated that raccoons were the primary consumer of baits in bottomland hardwood, whereas invertebrates were the primary consumer in upland pine (26.7 ± 1.3% of baits). Our results indicate a need to closely consider the effects of invertebrates on bait consumption to minimize their potential impact on ORV bait uptake by target species. Uptake probabilities by raccoons were relatively low but not primarily driven by competition with vertebrates. As such, strategies to increase the specificity of raccoon uptake may be needed to enhance the effectiveness of ORV baiting programs.</span></span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":8222,"journal":{"name":"Applied Animal Behaviour Science","volume":"261 ","pages":"Article 105897"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46339526","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tactile responses to environmental enrichment in captive Antillean manatees (Trichechus manatus manatus)","authors":"Karen Lucchini ,&nbsp;Rebecca Umeed ,&nbsp;Paulo Jorge Parreira dos Santos ,&nbsp;Fernanda Löffler Niemeyer Attademo ,&nbsp;Fábia de Oliveira Luna ,&nbsp;Bruna Bezerra","doi":"10.1016/j.applanim.2023.105879","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.applanim.2023.105879","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Tactile signals are essential for Antillean manatee communication and survival because they facilitate interactions with conspecifics and the environment. Nevertheless, relatively little is known about tactile signal usage. This study aimed to assess captive Antillean manatee tactile and social responses to two stimuli presented as environmental enrichment (i.e., an infant model and a simple floating device). We also investigated the influence of sex in response to the stimuli. We investigated nine adult Antillean manatees (four males and five females aged 9–33 yrs). We found that exploratory behaviours directed towards the pool were reduced during the presentation of both stimuli. However, the manatees directed exploratory behaviours towards the stimuli. The presence of the infant model reduced social behaviours among the other animals in the oceanarium. The floating device caused no alteration in the performance of social behaviours. Females performed more “infant lifting” (i.e., a parental care-related behaviour) directed towards the infant model than males. Our results show that it is possible to stimulate natural tactile and social behaviours in captive individuals using environmental enrichment practices. We recommend continuously monitoring Antillean manatee behaviours in captivity and developing environmental enrichment practices to stimulate different communication modalities, especially tactile and vocal communication.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8222,"journal":{"name":"Applied Animal Behaviour Science","volume":"261 ","pages":"Article 105879"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44124440","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dynamics of chewing and eating behavior, lying behavior, and salivary characteristics associated with duration of high grain feeding in cows with or with no phytogenic supplement","authors":"Ezequias Castillo-Lopez ,&nbsp;Raul Rivera-Chacon ,&nbsp;Sara Ricci ,&nbsp;Behzad Khorrami ,&nbsp;Andreas Haselmann ,&nbsp;Nicole Reisinger ,&nbsp;Qendrim Zebeli","doi":"10.1016/j.applanim.2023.105877","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.applanim.2023.105877","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study evaluated the adaptive changes in chewing and eating behavior, lying behavior, and salivary properties due to the switch from forage to high grain and the duration of high grain feeding in cows, with or without a phytogenic feed additive. Nine non-lactating cannulated Holstein cows were used in a cross-over design with two experimental periods. Each period included one week of forage feeding, one week of diet transition, and four weeks of high grain feeding (35:65 forage to concentrate ratio; DM basis). Cows were either not supplemented (CON) or supplemented with a phytogenic additive (PHY) characterised by menthol, thymol and eugenol. Switching to high grain decreased (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.01) rumination time compared to forage feeding; however, compared to week 2, rumination time increased (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.01) by 73.8 and 53.21 min/d in weeks 3 and 4 on high grain, respectively. In week 4 on high grain, the PHY-supplemented cows tended (<em>P</em> = 0.08) to ruminate (263 vs. 204 min/d) and chew (406 vs. 347 min/d) longer compared to CON counterparts. The change to high grain increased (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05) sorting for long and medium size feed particles compared to forage diet, and there was a further increase (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05) in sorting for long and medium size feed particles in week 3 and 4 on high grain compared to the initial stage of the high grain challenge. Interestingly, PHY supplementation contributed to a more uniform intake of the diet by reducing (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05) the sorting of both medium and fine particles. Compared to week 1, lying time increased (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05) by 50 min/d in week 3 on high grain. High grain diet decreased (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05) salivary pH in week 1, while PHY supplementation helped maintaining this variable at physiological level during this initial grain challenge. Salivary bicarbonate was lower (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05) in weeks 3 and 4 compared to week 2 on high grain. Overall, the switch to high grain and the duration of feeding influenced chewing and eating behavior, lying behavior and salivary characteristics. Effects were still found 3 or 4 weeks after the diet switch; whereas PHY supplementation contributed to a more uniform nutrient intake by decreasing sorting behavior, which was reflected in stabilized salivary pH at the beginning of the grain challenge, and a tendency for increased chewing activity. However, more research is warranted to evaluate the positive role of PHY supplementation in decreasing feed sorting on metabolic health status and welfare of high-producing dairy cows, which are commonly affected due to high grain feeding.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8222,"journal":{"name":"Applied Animal Behaviour Science","volume":"261 ","pages":"Article 105877"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45082469","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}