Applied physics reviews最新文献

{"title":"Rapidly synthesized laser-induced graphene and its derivatives for miniaturized energy devices: Principles, applications, and challenges","authors":"Himanshi Awasthi, N. K. Nishchitha, Pavar Sai Kumar, Sanket Goel","doi":"10.1063/5.0242637","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0242637","url":null,"abstract":"This review highlights the latest progress in the field of graphene synthesis, with a focus on laser-induced graphene (LIG) and its growing applications in flexible and miniaturized energy storage devices, particularly supercapacitors. Graphene has remarkable electrical, thermal, and mechanical properties that have attracted significant attention. However, conventional production techniques, such as chemical vapor deposition (CVD) and mechanical exfoliation, face challenges related to scalability and environmental impact. LIG emerges as a viable alternative, offering a rapid, eco-friendly, and scalable approach to graphene production. LIG provides precise control over material properties by employing direct laser irradiation on carbon-based precursors. This review further explores various laser systems, including CO2 and visible light lasers, applied to substrates such as polyimide, paper, and cloth. It investigates how factors like laser power, scanning speed, and substrate type affect graphene quality. Furthermore, the review examines the integration of LIG into energy storage technologies, highlighting its flexibility, high conductivity, and extensive surface area. It also addresses enhancing LIG properties through doping with elements like boron, nitrogen, and sulfur and incorporating nanoparticles such as silver and cobalt into LIG-based composites. Furthermore, detailed discussions are provided on how these modifications improve supercapacitor performance, specifically regarding areal capacitance, energy density, and storage capacity. These advancements underscore the versatility of LIG and its potential for application in various substrates.","PeriodicalId":8200,"journal":{"name":"Applied physics reviews","volume":"235 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":15.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144479503","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A review on temperature coefficient of frequency (TCf) in resonant microelectromechanical systems (MEMS)","authors":"Wen Sui, Stephen J. Pearton, Philip X.-L. Feng","doi":"10.1063/5.0201566","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0201566","url":null,"abstract":"Microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) have emerged as highly attractive alternatives to conventional commercial off-the-shelf electronic sensors and systems due to their ability to offer miniature size, reduced weight, and low power consumption (i.e., SWaP advantages). These features make MEMS particularly appealing for a wide range of critical applications, including communication, biomedical, automotive, aerospace, and defense sectors. Resonant MEMS play crucial roles in these applications by providing precise timing references and channel selections for electronic devices, facilitating accurate filtering, mixing, synchronization, and tracking via their high stability and low phase noise. Additionally, they serve as key components in sensing applications, enabling detection and precise measurement of physical quantities for monitoring and control purposes across various fields. Temperature stability stands as a paramount performance specification for MEMS resonators and oscillators. It relates to the responsivity of a resonator's frequency to temperature variations and is typically quantified by the temperature coefficient of frequency (TCf). A constant and substantially large absolute TCf is preferred in MEMS temperature sensing applications, while a near-zero TCf is required for timing and other MEMS transducers that necessitate the decoupling of temperature effects on the resonance frequency. This comprehensive review aims to provide an in-depth overview of recent advancements in studying TCf in MEMS resonators. The review explores the compensation and engineering techniques employed across a range of resonator types, utilizing diverse materials. Various aspects are covered, including the design of MEMS resonators, theoretical analysis of TCf, temperature regulation techniques, and the metallization effect at high temperatures. The discussion encompasses TCf analysis of MEMS resonators operating in flexural, torsional, surface, and bulk modes, employing materials such as silicon (Si), lithium niobate (LiNbO3), silicon carbide (SiC), aluminum nitride (AlN), and gallium nitride (GaN). Furthermore, the review identifies areas that require continued development to fully exploit the TCf of MEMS resonators.","PeriodicalId":8200,"journal":{"name":"Applied physics reviews","volume":"34 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":15.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144479422","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multisensory integration neuromorphic device based on ferroelectric polar order change in atomic-thick α-In2Se3","authors":"Baohua Lv, Ruilong Yang, Zheng Zhang, Ziwen An, Zeting Zeng, Yanli Song, Zhu Ma, Wuhong Xue, Xiaohong Xu","doi":"10.1063/5.0260065","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0260065","url":null,"abstract":"A multimodal nociceptor is an essential sensory receptor and can rapidly generate pain signals to make the body avoid potential damage from a variety of different noxious stimuli. Realizing multimodal neuromorphic behaviors in an electronic device is crucial for the development of artificial intelligence yet remains poorly explored. In this study, we propose and experimentally demonstrate an electronic multimodal nociceptor based on the monolayer atomic-thick van der Waals (vdW) α-In2Se3 ferroelectric. The demonstrated device is a semitransparent and flexible two-terminal planar architecture. Under voltage or white light stimuli, the devices all exhibit specific nociceptive characteristics including the “threshold,” “no adaptation,” “relaxation,” “allodynia,” and “hyperalgesia.” When voltage and light are co-stimulated, the device shows a smaller threshold level. Such nociceptive behaviors are attributed to electric or light-triggered ferroelectric polar ordering change. This work bestows two-dimensional vdW ferroelectric materials with a new functional application of the artificial multimodal nociceptors, and also suggests their outstanding potential for the development of artificial intelligence systems, such as biomimetic robots.","PeriodicalId":8200,"journal":{"name":"Applied physics reviews","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":15.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144479423","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ghost diffraction in complex scattering media: Principles and applications","authors":"Yin Xiao, Wen Chen","doi":"10.1063/5.0231769","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0231769","url":null,"abstract":"Ghost diffraction has been widely studied from quantum to classical to computational, and its applications in imaging and communication have been continuously presented. This review comprehensively analyzes ghost diffraction principles, focusing on communication and imaging applications in complex scattering media. This review reports the challenges in ghost communication and imaging when complex scattering media exist and describes promising approaches to overcoming the challenges. In terms of ghost communication in complex environments, the generation of information carriers using various methods is described, e.g., zero-frequency component replacement, untrained neural networks, and iterative algorithms, etc. The methods exhibit high robustness in high-fidelity data transmission, and physically secured communication can be realized. In terms of ghost imaging (GI) in complex environments, the enhancement of spatial resolution is described and discussed. The integration with correction approaches provides a promising direction to achieving high robustness in GI in complex environments. Orbital angular momentum transmission based on GI is discussed, and dual-modality approaches are illustrated for simultaneous implementations of free-space transmission and imaging. High-resolution microscopic imaging with single-pixel detection in complex media is also presented. With the introduction and comparison of the state of the art on ghost diffraction in complex media and its applications, this review would inspire future research in ghost diffraction and the exploration of new applications from quantum to classical to computational.","PeriodicalId":8200,"journal":{"name":"Applied physics reviews","volume":"44 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":15.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144334960","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Memristor-integrated sensing systems leveraging quantum conductance effect for artificial bioelectronics","authors":"Yaoqun Wang, Qianwen Zhang, Yang Li, Yang Xia, Shiqing Zhao, Haiyan Hu, Fangchao Li, Xinli Cheng, Wenhu Qian, Cheng Zhang","doi":"10.1063/5.0230234","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0230234","url":null,"abstract":"The application of memristive devices in the field of bionics is widespread, as they possess rapid operational speed, a straightforward device structure, and high density, enabling them to effectively mimic sensing, memory, and computing functions. Herein, the memristor-integrated sensing system is a new concept that has been proposed by researchers in recent years. In this review, we provide a comprehensive summary of recent advancements in smart memristive materials and devices for sensing various physical stimuli, such as electricity, magnetism, force, light, heat, and other properties. Additionally, we discuss the integration of digital memristors into sensing systems via thin-film or micro/nano-devices, as well as the integrated technology of in-sensor computing. The popular artificial bionic sensing systems based on memristors are also introduced, including artificial synapses and neuromorphic computing, biomimetic eye and artificial vision, artificial olfactory and gustatory systems, as well as health monitoring systems. The challenges and prospects of this innovative topic are finally expounded, aiming to provide a more comprehensive and up-to-date understanding of the subject matter, as well as identifying potential areas for future research and practice.","PeriodicalId":8200,"journal":{"name":"Applied physics reviews","volume":"606 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":15.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144311379","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quantum graph learning and algorithms applied in quantum computer sciences and image classification","authors":"Farzaneh Shayeganfar, Ali Ramazani, Veera Sundararaghavan, Yuhua Duan","doi":"10.1063/5.0237599","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0237599","url":null,"abstract":"Graph and network theory play a fundamental role in quantum computer sciences, including quantum information and computation. Random graphs and complex network theory are pivotal in predicting novel quantum phenomena, where entangled links are represented by edges. Quantum algorithms have been developed to enhance solutions for various network problems, giving rise to quantum graph computing and quantum graph learning (QGL). In this review, we explore graph theory and graph learning methods as powerful tools for quantum computers to generate efficient solutions to problems beyond the reach of classical systems. We delve into the development of quantum complex network theory and its applications in quantum computation, materials discovery, and research. We also discuss quantum machine learning (QML) methodologies for effective image classification using qubits, quantum gates, and quantum circuits. Additionally, the paper addresses the challenges of QGL and algorithms, emphasizing the steps needed to develop flexible QGL solvers. This review presents a comprehensive overview of the fields of QGL and QML, highlights recent advancements, and identifies opportunities for future research.","PeriodicalId":8200,"journal":{"name":"Applied physics reviews","volume":"74 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":15.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144278360","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microcavity-based parallel measurements of optical power and wavelength","authors":"Yan Wang, Yu-Hao Hu, Jin-Lei Wu, Jian Tang, Ya-Feng Jiao, Ya-Chuan Liang, Hai-Yan Wang, Li-Ying Jiang, Le-Man Kuang, Ke-Yu Xia, Lei Shi, Hui Jing","doi":"10.1063/5.0268412","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0268412","url":null,"abstract":"Accurate determination of light power and wavelength is fundamental to nearly all optical and laser applications. However, simultaneous and precise measurements of these two parameters remain a critical challenge due to intrinsic cross-sensitivity in conventional devices. Here, we propose and demonstrate a dual-parameter decoupling strategy based on photothermal whispering gallery mode (WGM) microcavities, enabling parallel measurements of both optical power and wavelength without cross-sensitivity. Optical absorption of the pump light by the composite microcavity produces increased temperatures that are proportional to the pump power and wavelength of the light, resulting in a wavelength shift in the WGM resonance of the microcavity. We demonstrate a record-high photothermal tuning sensitivity of ∼−4 nm/mW and an ultralow detection limit of thermal power down to 4 μW, both of which surpass all previous schemes by more than an order of magnitude. With a linear response to the pump wavelength, the designed microcavity allows for near-infrared wavelength measurement over a broad bandwidth from 780 to 1064 nm. Importantly, by introducing the decoupling strategy that employs spectral changes of two microcavities with asymmetric responses, we demonstrate parallel measurements of both optical power and wavelength with high accuracy. As the first proof-of-principle demonstration of a single optical power–wavelength measurer using optical microcavities, our work could advance various applications relying on miniaturized and precise optical metrology devices.","PeriodicalId":8200,"journal":{"name":"Applied physics reviews","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":15.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144268831","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Organ synergy in poly(vinylidene fluoride)-based piezoelectrical materials for tissue engineering","authors":"Yuejun Li, Jiachang Zhuang, Shouliang Zhao, Minmin Zhu, Han Xie","doi":"10.1063/5.0245674","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0245674","url":null,"abstract":"Poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF)-based piezoelectric materials have emerged as a transformative platform in tissue engineering due to their unique ability to mimic endogenous bioelectric signals, which play pivotal roles in cellular behaviors, such as proliferation, differentiation, and tissue regeneration. This review comprehensively explores the structural polymorphism, processing techniques, and electromechanical properties of PVDF and its copolymers, emphasizing their superior piezoelectric coefficients, biocompatibility, and adaptability to diverse fabrication methods. The intrinsic piezoelectricity of PVDF, driven by its polar β-phase, enables dynamic responses to mechanical stimuli, such as physiological movements or external forces, generating localized electrical potentials that modulate critical signaling pathways to enhance tissue repair. Applications span multiple organs: in bone regeneration, PVDF scaffolds promote osteogenesis through mechanoelectrical coupling; in neural engineering, they facilitate axonal growth and myelination; in cardiac repair, they synchronize cardiomyocyte contraction; and in skin healing, they accelerate re-epithelialization and angiogenesis. Despite these advances, challenges persist, including optimizing piezoelectric output, ensuring long-term biocompatibility, and achieving controlled biodegradability. Future directions highlight the integration of PVDF with smart functionalities and the exploration of organ-specific signaling mechanisms to advance clinical translation. This work underscores the potential of PVDF-based materials as multifunctional platforms for next-generation regenerative therapies.","PeriodicalId":8200,"journal":{"name":"Applied physics reviews","volume":"587 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":15.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144268576","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antimicrobial high-entropy alloys as a new player against microbiologically influenced corrosion: Recent advances and comparison with steels and other conventional alloys","authors":"Bogdan Postolnyi, Volodymyr Buranych, Laura-Madalina Cursaru, Radu-Robert Piticescu, Alexander Pogrebnjak","doi":"10.1063/5.0228866","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0228866","url":null,"abstract":"Microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC) is increasingly recognized as a critical factor in materials degradation, posing a risk not only to existing infrastructure but also to a broad range of emerging and rapidly growing industries. Addressing MIC challenges across diverse environments and operational conditions requires advanced, durable, and effective materials. High-entropy alloys (HEAs) represent a compelling frontier in materials science, distinguished by their complex compositions and exceptional properties, which arise from unique microstructures, the atomic arrangement of multiple principal elements, and the synergistic effects of their combinations. Many HEAs demonstrate superior corrosion resistance in comparison to conventional alloys, and their concept enables antimicrobial functionalization. From this perspective, antimicrobial HEAs emerge as promising candidates for MIC prevention and mitigation. Despite this potential, the microbiology community and corrosion industry professionals are rarely aware of HEAs, while HEA researchers, seeking new development directions and prospective applications, may not yet recognize the pressing MIC challenges and R&D needs. This review serves as a comprehensive guide for the interdisciplinary community, closing the gap between HEA research and its potential applications in corrosion protection, with emphasis on MIC. It provides a detailed overview of HEAs and conventional alloys exposed to MIC environments, evaluating their performance and exhaustively incorporating the vast majority of existing research on HEAs containing antimicrobial metals. The paper builds bridges and explores opportunities for intersectoral collaboration among applied physicists, materials scientists, corrosion experts, and microbiologists in both laboratory and industry settings.","PeriodicalId":8200,"journal":{"name":"Applied physics reviews","volume":"252 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":15.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144252029","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quantum sensing enhancement through a nuclear spin register in nitrogen-vacancy centers in diamond","authors":"Jonathan Kenny, Feifei Zhou, Ruihua He, Fedor Jelezko, Teck Seng Koh, Weibo Gao","doi":"10.1063/5.0235057","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0235057","url":null,"abstract":"Quantum sensing has witnessed rapid development and transition from laboratories to practical applications in the past decade. Applications of quantum sensors, ranging from nanotechnologies to biosensing, are expected to benefit from quantum sensors' unprecedented spatial resolution and sensitivity. Solid-state spin systems are particularly attractive platforms for quantum sensing technologies because room temperature operation is viable while reaching the quantum limits of sensitivity. Among various solid-state spin systems, nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers in diamond demonstrated high-fidelity initialization, coherent control, and high contrast readout of the electron spin state. However, electron spin coherence due to noise from the surrounding spin bath and this environment effect limits the sensitivity of NV centers. Thus, a critical task in NV center-based quantum sensing is sensitivity enhancement through coherence protection. Several strategies, such as dynamical decoupling techniques, feedback control, and nuclear spin-assisted sensing protocols, have been developed and realized for this task. Among these strategies, nuclear spin-assisted protocols have demonstrated greater enhancement of electron spin coherence. In addition, the electron and nuclear spin pair of an NV center in diamond naturally allows the application of the nuclear spin-assisted sensitivity enhancement protocol. Owing to long nuclear coherence times, further enhancement of sensitivity can be achieved by exploiting active nuclear spins (e.g., 14N, 13C) in the proximity of an NV center as memory ancillas when coupled with the NV center. Here, we review the spin properties of NV centers, mechanisms of the nuclear spin-assisted protocol and its gate variation, and the status of quantum sensing applications in high-resolution nuclear spin spectroscopy, atomic imaging, and magnetic field sensing. We discuss the potential for commercialization, current challenges in sensitivity enhancement, and conclude with future research directions for promoting the development of nuclear spin-assisted protocol and its integration into industrial applications.","PeriodicalId":8200,"journal":{"name":"Applied physics reviews","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":15.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144236878","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}