Foundations最新文献_第8页

Foundations of Electromagnetism: A Review of Wilhelm Weber’s Electrodynamic Force Law 电磁学基础:韦伯电动力定律述评

Foundations Pub Date : 2022-10-19 DOI: 10.3390/foundations2040065

C. Baumgärtel, S. Maher

引用次数: 4

Investigation of a Nonlinear Coupled (k, ψ)–Hilfer Fractional Differential System with Coupled (k, ψ)–Riemann–Liouville Fractional Integral Boundary Conditions 具有耦合(k， ψ) -Riemann-Liouville分数积分边界条件的非线性耦合(k， ψ) -Hilfer分数阶微分系统的研究

Foundations Pub Date : 2022-10-18 DOI: 10.3390/foundations2040063

A. Samadi, S. Ntouyas, B. Ahmad, J. Tariboon

引用次数: 7

Hydroxyl Spectroscopy of Laboratory Air Laser-Ignition 实验室空气激光点火的羟基光谱

Foundations Pub Date : 2022-10-18 DOI: 10.3390/foundations2040064

C. Parigger

{"title":"Hydroxyl Spectroscopy of Laboratory Air Laser-Ignition","authors":"C. Parigger","doi":"10.3390/foundations2040064","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/foundations2040064","url":null,"abstract":"This work investigates spatial and temporal distributions of hydroxyl, OH, in laser-plasma in laboratory air at standard ambient temperature and pressure. Of interest are determination of temperature and density of OH and establishment of a correlation of molecular OH emission spectra with shadow graphs for time delays of 50 to 100 μs, analogous to previous work on shadow graph and emission spectroscopy correlation for cyanide, CN, in gas mixtures and for time delays of the order of 1 μs. Wavelength- and sensitivity-corrected spatiotemporal data analysis focuses on temperature inferences using molecular OH emission spectroscopy. Near-IR radiation from a Q-switched laser device initiates optical breakdown in laboratory air. The laser device provides 6 ns, up to 850 milli Joule, pulses at a wavelength of 1064 nm, and focal irradiance in the range of 1 to 10 terawatt per centimeter-squared. Frequency doubled beams are utilized for capturing shadow graphs for visualization of the breakdown kernel at time delays in the range of 0.1 to 100 μs. OH emission spectra of the laser plasma, spatially resolved along the slit dimension, are recorded in the wavelength range of 298 nm to 321 nm, and with gate widths adjusted to 10 μs for the intensified charge-coupled device that is mounted at the exit plane of a 0.64 m Czerny-Turner configuration spectrometer. Diatomic OH signals occur due to recombination of the plasma and are clearly distinguishable for time delays larger than 50 μs, but are masked by spectra of N2 early in the plasma decay.","PeriodicalId":81291,"journal":{"name":"Foundations","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76155031","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

A Possible Explanation of the Proton Radius Puzzle Based on the Second Flavor of Muonic Hydrogen Atoms 基于介子氢原子第二味的质子半径谜题的可能解释

Foundations Pub Date : 2022-10-13 DOI: 10.3390/foundations2040062

E. Oks

{"title":"A Possible Explanation of the Proton Radius Puzzle Based on the Second Flavor of Muonic Hydrogen Atoms","authors":"E. Oks","doi":"10.3390/foundations2040062","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/foundations2040062","url":null,"abstract":"The proton radius puzzle is one of the most fundamental challenges of modern physics. Before the year 2010, the proton charge radius rp was determined by the spectroscopic method, relying on the electron energy levels in hydrogen atoms, and by the elastic scattering of electrons on protons. In 2010, and then in 2013, two research teams determined rp from the experiment on muonic hydrogen atoms and they claimed rp to be by about 4% smaller than it was found from the experiments with electronic hydrogen atoms. Since then, several research groups performed corresponding experiments with electronic hydrogen atoms and obtained contradictory results: some of them claimed that they found the same value of rp as from the muonic hydrogen experiments, while others reconfirmed the larger value of rp. The conclusion of the latest papers (including reviews) is that the puzzle is not resolved yet. In the present paper, we bring to the attention of the research community, dealing with the proton radius puzzle, the contributing factor never taken into account in any previous calculations. This factor has to do with the hydrogen atoms of the second flavor, whose existence is confirmed in four different types of atomic experiments. We present a relatively simple model illustrating the role of this factor. We showed that disregarding the effect of even a relatively small admixture of the second flavor of muonic hydrogen atoms to the experimental gas of muonic hydrogen atoms could produce the erroneous result that the proton charge radius is by about 4% smaller than its actual value, so that the larger out of the two disputed values of the proton charge radius could be, in fact, correct.","PeriodicalId":81291,"journal":{"name":"Foundations","volume":"35 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82646890","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 4

Green’s Functions for a Fractional Boundary Value Problem with Three Terms 一类三项分数边值问题的格林函数

Foundations Pub Date : 2022-10-12 DOI: 10.3390/foundations2040060

P. Eloe, Jeffrey T. Neugebauer

引用次数: 1

Isotopic Shift in Hg-Isotopes within Brückner versus Relativistic Energy Density Functional br<s:1> ckner内hg同位素的同位素位移与相对论能量密度泛函

Foundations Pub Date : 2022-10-12 DOI: 10.3390/foundations2040061

J. Pattnaik, J. T. Majekodunmi, M. Bhuyan, S. Patra

{"title":"Isotopic Shift in Hg-Isotopes within Brückner versus Relativistic Energy Density Functional","authors":"J. Pattnaik, J. T. Majekodunmi, M. Bhuyan, S. Patra","doi":"10.3390/foundations2040061","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/foundations2040061","url":null,"abstract":"The present study is focused on revealing a characteristic kink of the neutron shell closure N = 126 across the Hg-isotopic chain within the relativistic mean-field (RMF) approach with the IOPB-I, DD-ME2, DD-PC1 and NL3 parameter sets. The RMF densities are converted to their spherical equivalence via the Wood–Saxon approximation and used as input within the parametrization procedure of the coherent density fluctuation model (CDFM). The nuclear matter symmetry energy is calculated using the Brückner energy density functional, and its surface, as well as volume components, are evaluated within Danielwicz’s liquid drop prescription. In addition, a comparison between Brückner and relativistic energy density functionals using the NL3 parameter set is shown as a representative case. The binding energy, charge distribution radius and symmetry energy are used as indicators of the isotopic shift in both ground and isomeric states. We have found the presence of a kink at the shell/sub-shell closure at N = 126 for neutron-rich 206Hg. The formation of the kink is traceable to the early filling of the 1i11/2 orbitals rather than 2g9/2, due to the large spin-orbit splitting. As such, the link between the occupational probability and the magicity of nuclei over the Hg-isotopic chain is established.","PeriodicalId":81291,"journal":{"name":"Foundations","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85869558","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Caputo Fractional Evolution Equations in Discrete Sequences Spaces 离散序列空间中的Caputo分数进化方程

Foundations Pub Date : 2022-10-11 DOI: 10.3390/foundations2040059

Alejandro Mahillo, Pedro J. Miana

引用次数: 1

Telling the Wave Function: An Electrical Analogy 告诉波函数:电学上的类比

Foundations Pub Date : 2022-10-08 DOI: 10.3390/foundations2040058

L. Chiatti

引用次数: 1

Detailed Error Analysis for a Fractional Adams Method on Caputo–Hadamard Fractional Differential Equations Caputo-Hadamard分数阶微分方程分数阶Adams方法的详细误差分析

Foundations Pub Date : 2022-09-22 DOI: 10.3390/foundations2040057

Charles Wing Ho Green, Yubin Yan