Foundations Pub Date : 2024-07-25 DOI: 10.3390/foundations4030023

A. Vatsala, Govinda Pageni

引用次数: 0

Effects of Colored Noise in the Dynamic Motions and Conformational Exploration of Enzymes 彩色噪声对酶的动态运动和构象探索的影响

Foundations Pub Date : 2024-07-08 DOI: 10.3390/foundations4030021

P. Ojeda-May, Alexander Vergara

引用次数: 0

On the Algebraic Geometry of Multiview 论多视角代数几何

Foundations Pub Date : 2024-07-04 DOI: 10.3390/foundations4030020

E. Ballico

引用次数: 0

Characterization of the Solution Properties of Sodium Dodecylsulphate Containing Alkaline–Surfactant–Polymer Flooding Media 含十二烷基硫酸钠的碱性表面活性剂聚合物淹没介质的溶液特性表征

Foundations Pub Date : 2024-06-11 DOI: 10.3390/foundations4020018

Csaba Bús, B. Kutus, Á. Ágoston, László Janovák, Pál Sipos

{"title":"Characterization of the Solution Properties of Sodium Dodecylsulphate Containing Alkaline–Surfactant–Polymer Flooding Media","authors":"Csaba Bús, B. Kutus, Á. Ágoston, László Janovák, Pál Sipos","doi":"10.3390/foundations4020018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/foundations4020018","url":null,"abstract":"Alkaline–surfactant–polymer (ASP) flooding by means of which alkali additives, surfactant and polymer are inserted as the same slug is one of the most favourable worldwide focuses of Chemical Enhanced Oil Recovery (cEOR) research and field trials, due to the individual synergy of the three chemical components. To develop efficient oil recovery chemicals, it is essential to fully understand the mechanism behind ASP flooding. Nonetheless, there are hardly any studies reporting a systematic characterization of the ASP process. Thus, the present paper focuses on modelling this process in a laboratory by the use of an anionic surfactant—sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) in alkaline–polymer media—which is composed of a commercial water-soluble polymer (Flopaam AN125SH®, SNF Floerger, Andrézieux-Bouthéon, France) and alkali compounds (NaOH and Na2CO3). The samples were characterized using rheometry, dynamic light scattering (DLS), infrared spectroscopy (IR) and measurement of inferfacial tension (IFT) between the samples and rapeseed oil. In accordance with the experimental results, surprisingly lower IFT values were recorded between the alkaline–polymer solutions and rapeseed oil than the samples which contained SDS. Increasing polymer and sodium chloride concentration caused a decrease (from 0.591 mN/m to 0.0486 mN/m) in IFT between the surfactant containing samples and rapeseed oil. The IR measurements confirmed that the surfactant was not detected in the oil phase in the absence of NaOH and Na2CO3. The effects of SDS on the viscosity of the mixtures were also investigated, as viscosity is a considerably important parameter in processes using polymers.","PeriodicalId":81291,"journal":{"name":"Foundations","volume":"8 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141360460","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Classifying Sets of Type (4,n) in PG(3,q) PG(3,q) 中 (4,n) 类型集合的分类

Foundations Pub Date : 2024-06-04 DOI: 10.3390/foundations4020017

S. Innamorati

引用次数: 0

Do Pores Exist?—Foundational Issues in Pore Structural Characterisation 孔隙是否存在？--孔隙结构表征的基础问题

Foundations Pub Date : 2024-05-20 DOI: 10.3390/foundations4020015

Sean P. Rigby

引用次数: 0

Minimal Conditioned Stiffness Matrices with Frequency-Dependent Path Following for Arbitrary Elastic Layers over Half-Spaces 半空间上任意弹性层具有频率相关路径跟踪的最小条件刚度矩阵

Foundations Pub Date : 2024-05-14 DOI: 10.3390/foundations4020014

Andrew Peplow, Bilong Liu

{"title":"Minimal Conditioned Stiffness Matrices with Frequency-Dependent Path Following for Arbitrary Elastic Layers over Half-Spaces","authors":"Andrew Peplow, Bilong Liu","doi":"10.3390/foundations4020014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/foundations4020014","url":null,"abstract":"This paper introduces an efficient computational procedure for analyzing the propagation of harmonic waves in layered elastic media. This offers several advantages, including the ability to handle arbitrary frequencies, depths, and the number of layers above an elastic half-space, and efforts to follow dispersion curves and flag up possible singularities are investigated. While there are inherent limitations in terms of computational accuracy and capacity, this methodology is straightforward to implement for studying free or forced vibrations and obtaining relevant response data. We present computations of wavenumber dispersion diagrams, phase velocity plots, and response data in both the frequency and time domains. These computational results are provided for two example cases: plane strain and axisymmetry. Our methodology is grounded in a well-conditioned dynamic stiffness approach specifically tailored for deep-layered strata analysis. We introduce an innovative method for efficiently computing wavenumber dispersion curves. By tracking the slope of these curves, users can effectively manage continuation parameters. We illustrate this technique through numerical evidence of a layer resonance in a real-life case study characterized by a fold in the dispersion curves. Furthermore, this framework is particularly advantageous for engineers addressing problems related to ground-borne vibrations. It enables the analysis of phenomena such as zero group velocity (ZGV), where a singularity occurs, both in the frequency and time domains, shedding light on the unique characteristics of such cases. Given the reduced dimension of the problem, this formulation can considerably aid geophysicists and engineers in areas such as MASW or SASW techniques.","PeriodicalId":81291,"journal":{"name":"Foundations","volume":"7 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140981823","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A Fundamental Duality in the Exact Sciences: The Application to Quantum Mechanics 精确科学中的基本二元性：量子力学的应用

Foundations Pub Date : 2024-05-11 DOI: 10.3390/foundations4020013

David Ellerman

{"title":"A Fundamental Duality in the Exact Sciences: The Application to Quantum Mechanics","authors":"David Ellerman","doi":"10.3390/foundations4020013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/foundations4020013","url":null,"abstract":"There is a fundamental subsets–partitions duality that runs through the exact sciences. In more concrete terms, it is the duality between elements of a subset and the distinctions of a partition. In more abstract terms, it is the reverse-the-arrows of category theory that provides a major architectonic of mathematics. The paper first develops the duality between the Boolean logic of subsets and the logic of partitions. Then, probability theory and information theory (as based on logical entropy) are shown to start with the quantitative versions of subsets and partitions. Some basic universal mapping properties in the category of Sets are developed that precede the abstract duality of category theory. But by far the main application is to the clarification and interpretation of quantum mechanics. Since classical mechanics illustrates the Boolean worldview of full distinctness, it is natural that quantum mechanics would be based on the indefiniteness of its characteristic superposition states, which is modeled at the set level by partitions (or equivalence relations). This approach to interpreting quantum mechanics is not a jury-rigged or ad hoc attempt at the interpretation of quantum mechanics but is a natural application of the fundamental duality running throughout the exact sciences.","PeriodicalId":81291,"journal":{"name":"Foundations","volume":"3 21","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140988347","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Exchangeable Quantities and Power Laws: Τhe Case of Pores in Solids 可交换量和幂律：固体中孔隙的情况

Foundations Pub Date : 2024-04-23 DOI: 10.3390/foundations4020012

A. Margellou, Philippos J. Pomonis

{"title":"Exchangeable Quantities and Power Laws: Τhe Case of Pores in Solids","authors":"A. Margellou, Philippos J. Pomonis","doi":"10.3390/foundations4020012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/foundations4020012","url":null,"abstract":"In this work we suggest that the common cause for the development of various power laws is the existence of a suitable exchangeable quantity between the agents of a set. Examples of such exchangeable quantities, leading to eponymous power laws, include money (Pareto’s Law), scientific knowledge (Lotka’s Law), people (Auerbach’s Law), and written or verbal information (Zipf’s Law), as well as less common cases like bullets during deadly conflicts, recognition in social networks, heat between the atmosphere and sea-ice floes, and, finally, mass of water vapors between pores in solids. This last case is examined closely in the present article based on extensive experimental data. It is shown that the transferred mass between pores, which eventually grow towards a power law distribution, may be expressed using different parameters, either transferred surface area, or transferred volume, or transferred pore length or transferred pore anisotropy. These distinctions lead to different power laws of variable strength as reflected by the corresponding exponent. The exponents depend quantitatively on the spread of frequency distribution of the examined parameter and tend to zero as the spread of distribution tends to a single order of magnitude. A comparison between the energy and the entropy of different kinds of pore distributions reveals that these two statistical parameters are linearly related, implying that the system poise at a critical state and the exchangeable quantities are the most convenient operations helping to keep this balance.","PeriodicalId":81291,"journal":{"name":"Foundations","volume":"14 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140668288","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Review of the Uses of Acoustic Emissions in Monitoring Cavitation Erosion and Crack Propagation 声发射在监测气蚀和裂缝扩展中的应用综述

Foundations Pub Date : 2024-02-24 DOI: 10.3390/foundations4010009

Ismael Fernández-Osete, David Bermejo, Xavier Ayneto-Gubert, X. Escaler

{"title":"Review of the Uses of Acoustic Emissions in Monitoring Cavitation Erosion and Crack Propagation","authors":"Ismael Fernández-Osete, David Bermejo, Xavier Ayneto-Gubert, X. Escaler","doi":"10.3390/foundations4010009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/foundations4010009","url":null,"abstract":"Nowadays, hydropower plants are being used to compensate for the variable power produced by the new fluctuating renewable energy sources, such as wind and solar power, and to stabilise the grid. Consequently, hydraulic turbines are forced to work more often in off-design conditions, far from their best efficiency point. This new operation strategy increases the probability of erosive cavitation and of hydraulic instabilities and pressure fluctuations that increase the risk of fatigue damage and reduce the life expectancy of the units. To monitor erosive cavitation and fatigue damage, acoustic emissions induced by very-high-frequency elastic waves within the solid have been traditionally used. Therefore, acoustic emissions are becoming an important tool for hydraulic turbine failure detection and troubleshooting. In particular, artificial intelligence is a promising signal analysis research hotspot, and it has a great potential in the condition monitoring of hydraulic turbines using acoustic emissions as a key factor in the digitalisation process. In this paper, a brief introduction of acoustic emissions and a description of their main applications are presented. Then, the research works carried out for cavitation and fracture detection using acoustic emissions are summarised, and the different levels of development are compared and discussed. Finally, the role of artificial intelligence is reviewed, and expected directions for future works are suggested.","PeriodicalId":81291,"journal":{"name":"Foundations","volume":"8 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140434456","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

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