Ethology and sociobiology最新文献_第7页

Ethology and sociobiology Pub Date : 1995-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/0162-3095(95)90014-4

Frank W. Marlowe

引用次数: 122

Providing the requested historical consultation: Hekala and Buell's rebuttal to Johnsons' reply 提供所要求的历史咨询:Hekala和Buell对johnson的答复的反驳

Ethology and sociobiology Pub Date : 1995-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/0162-3095(94)00008-U

Tamsin Hekala, Paul D. Buell

引用次数: 3

Childhood adversity, attachment security, and adult relationships: A preliminary study 童年逆境、依恋安全与成人关系的初步研究

Ethology and sociobiology Pub Date : 1994-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/0162-3095(94)90006-X

Elizabeth M. Hill, James P. Young, Janet L. Nord

{"title":"Childhood adversity, attachment security, and adult relationships: A preliminary study","authors":"Elizabeth M. Hill, James P. Young, Janet L. Nord","doi":"10.1016/0162-3095(94)90006-X","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0162-3095(94)90006-X","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Several evolutionary theorists have linked early rearing context to later reproductive strategy, hypothesizing that strategies differentiate during development as functional responses to ecological characteristics, by individuals or through parental manipulation. Attachment security has been proposed as a mediator. In this study, 40 young adults were given a multidimensional assessment, including the Hazen and Shaver Adult Attachment Questionnaire. Twenty-four subjects were classified as having secure attachment styles, 16 as nonsecure. The magnitude and predictability of parental investment during childhood was classified as lower if there was a brief intersibling interval, parental divorce, fewer economic resources, or less nurturing parents (i.e., more childhood adversity). Several such indicators were present for 17 people, 12 of whom were nonsecure, compared to only 4 of the 23 others. The nonsecurely attached subjects were less likely to have attained enduring marriages. The 6/16 nonsecure who had a marriage or cohabitation began them at a younger age and after a shorter courtship period than did the 15/24 secure with such relationships. Separations or divorces had already occurred in the relationships of 4/6 nonsecure versus 5/15 secure. Attachment security was associated with childhood adversity and adult relationships for both men and women, when analyzed separately. A retrospective study cannot address cause and effect, because poor adult relationship outcomes might bias recall of parental behavior. However, results are consistent with theories that unpredictable early environments foster short-term rather than long-term mating strategies, possibly through affecting attachment styles.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":81211,"journal":{"name":"Ethology and sociobiology","volume":"15 5","pages":"Pages 323-338"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0162-3095(94)90006-X","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"53542086","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 95

Ethological research in psychiatry 精神病学行为学研究

Ethology and sociobiology Pub Date : 1994-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/0162-3095(94)90008-6

Tyge Schelde

引用次数: 17

A testable hypothesis about schizophrenia generated by evolutionary theory 由进化论产生的关于精神分裂症的可检验假设

Ethology and sociobiology Pub Date : 1994-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/0162-3095(94)90003-5

Jay R. Feierman

引用次数: 12

Conceptual basis of animal models in psychiatry: A conference summary 精神病学动物模型的概念基础:会议总结

Ethology and sociobiology Pub Date : 1994-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/0162-3095(94)90009-4

William T. McKinney Jr., Russell Gardner Jr., George W. Barlow, Michael T. McGuire

引用次数: 6

Ethology and psychotherapy 行为学和心理治疗

Ethology and sociobiology Pub Date : 1994-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/0162-3095(94)90010-8

Tyge Schelde, Mogens Hertz M.D.

{"title":"Ethology and psychotherapy","authors":"Tyge Schelde, Mogens Hertz M.D.","doi":"10.1016/0162-3095(94)90010-8","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0162-3095(94)90010-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>During the last 25 years, ethology has developed systematic and quantitative methods for studying psychiatric patients' behavior, especially nonverbal behavior. Both research results as well as theoretical considerations may be of interest and value for psychiatric interviews and psychotherapy. Direct observations of endogenously depressed patients on the ward show significant behavior changes from admission to discharge. The depressive phase is characterized by withdrawal, nonspecific gaze, looking down, little self-activity, little motor activity, and a substantial reduction of social interaction. The recovery phase is characterized by verbal and nonverbal communication, that is , nod, smile, laughter, gesticulation, help, and others. Such behaviors are primarily useful for the assessment of a patient's mental state in the ward environment. In addition, they may also contribute to the psychiatric interview and future psychotherapeutic situations. These elements are related to four basic motivation categories: relaxation, assertion, contact, and flight. The theoretical considerations include evolutionary theory, ethological theory, and regulation-deregulation theory.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":81211,"journal":{"name":"Ethology and sociobiology","volume":"15 5","pages":"Pages 383-392"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0162-3095(94)90010-8","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"53542128","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 16

Fear and fitness: An evolutionary analysis of anxiety disorders 恐惧与健康:焦虑障碍的进化分析

Ethology and sociobiology Pub Date : 1994-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/0162-3095(94)90002-7

Isaac fM. Marks, Randolph M. Nesse

{"title":"Fear and fitness: An evolutionary analysis of anxiety disorders","authors":"Isaac fM. Marks, Randolph M. Nesse","doi":"10.1016/0162-3095(94)90002-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0162-3095(94)90002-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This article reviews the evolutionary origins and functions of the capacity for anxiety, and relevant clinical and research issues. Normal anxiety is an emotion that helps organisms defend against a wide variety of threats. There is a general capacity for normal defensive arousal, and subtypes of normal anxiety protect against particular kinds of threats. These normal subtypes correspond somewhat to mild forms of various anxiety disorders. Anxiety disorders arise from dysregulation of normal defensive responses, raising the possibility of a hypophobic disorder (too little anxiety). If a drug were discovered that abolished all defensive anxiety, it could do harm as well as good. Factors that have shaped anxiety-regulation mechanisms can explain prepotent and prepared tendencies to associate anxiety more quickly with certain cues than with others. These tendencies lead to excess fear of largely archaic dangers, like snakes, and too little fear of new threats, like cars. An understanding of the evolutionary origins, functions, and mechanisms of anxiety suggests new questions about anxiety disorders.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":81211,"journal":{"name":"Ethology and sociobiology","volume":"15 5","pages":"Pages 247-261"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1994-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0162-3095(94)90002-7","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"92227988","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 520

Special issue introduction: Mental disorders in an evolutionary context 特刊导言:进化背景下的精神障碍

Ethology and sociobiology Pub Date : 1994-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/0162-3095(94)90001-9

Michael T. McGuire, William T. McKinney, Randolph M. Nesse, Alfonso Troisi (Editors)

引用次数: 1

The marital balance of power and quid pro quo: An evolutionary perspective 婚姻中的权力平衡和交换条件:一个进化的视角

Ethology and sociobiology Pub Date : 1994-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/0162-3095(94)90004-3

Kevin B. Kerber

引用次数: 9