Wood Science and Technology最新文献

{"title":"Orthotropic 3D elastic plastic non-local CDM model for wood: validation with multiple test cases","authors":"Franziska Seeber,&nbsp;Ani Khaloian-Sarnaghi,&nbsp;Elena Benvenuti,&nbsp;Jan-Willem van de Kuilen","doi":"10.1007/s00226-025-01685-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00226-025-01685-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This contribution aims to increase the understanding of the complex mechanical behavior of wood through a framework for simulating mixed-mode failure. Based on physical properties assessment, appropriate constitutive laws, and experimental validation, a generally applicable numerical strength prediction tool for wood from different species and with various natural imperfections is introduced. The 3D orthotropic elastic plastic non-local CDM model considers the local fiber orientation and is implemented as material subroutines in the commercial software Abaqus. Herein, orthotropic Hill-plasticity with exponential hardening represents the plastic behavior in compression. Separated stress-based gradient-enhanced transient non-local damage represents the brittle material behavior in tension and shear. The methodology is validated with experimental data on tensile veneer tests, shear- and compression tests. Moreover, the methodology is applied to four-point bending tests of boards with heterogeneities. The numerical results demonstrate that the proposed model is able to reproduce different crack patterns observed in the four-point bending tests. Detailed investigations of the impact on the strength of the boards can be performed with this method to optimize species-independent strength prediction and engineered wood products. Further combination with other material laws e.g. moisture is possible.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":810,"journal":{"name":"Wood Science and Technology","volume":"59 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00226-025-01685-z.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145210574","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Theoretical-empirical prediction model of ice content in wood based on electrical impedance characteristics","authors":"Xinyu Song,&nbsp;Qing Wang,&nbsp;Lili Lu,&nbsp;Shan Gao","doi":"10.1007/s00226-025-01702-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00226-025-01702-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Trees that are exposed to subzero temperatures in winter are susceptible to freeze damage, which adversely affects tree physiological activities and wood end-use. Freezing stress threatens the survival of trees by inducing the accumulation of ice bodies within wood tissues. However, accurately assessing ice content in wood tissues remains a challenge. This study aimed to develop a theoretical-empirical prediction model of frozen water content (FWC) to evaluate the quantity of ice forming in wood tissues. Differential scanning calorimetry was employed to examine the changes in FWC of pine (<i>Pinus koraiensis</i> Siebold &amp; Zucc.) and poplar (<i>Populus simonii</i> Carr.) wood tissues under a series of subzero temperature points at two cooling rates. The corresponding responses of specific extracellular resistance(<i>r</i>_e) and intracellular resistance(<i>r</i>_i) were obtained by electrical impedance spectroscopy. Experimental study showed that FWC increased as temperature decreased, with a notable transition around − 40 °C. The corresponding <i>r</i>_e initially increased and then decreased, peaking at − 40 °C. The change trend of <i>r</i>_i was consistent, but reached its peak value at − 30 °C. In the temperature ranges of 0 to − 30 °C and below − 40 °C, the specific theoretical linear models between FWC and <i>r</i>_i, and the logistic model of FWC at a semi-lethal temperature zone of − 30 °C to − 40 °C were respectively established for both wood species. The theoretically predicted values fitted well with experimental values, with the prediction error below 5%, verifying the validity of the theoretical model. This study provides new insights for exploring the freezing behaviors of water in wood and for assessing the mechanisms of winter damage to trees by nondestructive approaches.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":810,"journal":{"name":"Wood Science and Technology","volume":"59 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145211024","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A conversion model for acoustic wave velocity between standing trees and logs","authors":"Fenglu Liu,&nbsp;Shengyu Lin,&nbsp;Houjiang Zhang,&nbsp;Fang Jiang","doi":"10.1007/s00226-025-01709-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00226-025-01709-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This paper presents theoretical formulas for calculating the stress wave velocity in standing trees and logs based on the stress wave propagation equations for both. On this basis, a theoretical model for the conversion ratio of wave velocity between standing trees and logs is constructed. The accuracy and reliability of this theoretical model are verified through actual measurements of the wave velocity conversion ratio in several different tree species, and the following conclusions were obtained: the theoretical wave velocity conversion ratios for the tested tree species are all greater than 1.1. Radiata pine and loblolly pine have the highest theoretical conversion ratios, both at 1.19, while western hemlock has the lowest value at 1.10. The theoretical conversion ratio for larch used in this study is similar to that of radiata pine and loblolly pine, at 1.18. Except for loblolly pine, the theoretical conversion ratios for the other species are all lower than those of larch and radiata pine. This may be due to differences in species or factors such as moisture content. Therefore, when calculating the theoretical wave velocity conversion ratio for a specific species in the future, it is best to use the elastic constant values for that particular species in its green condition. The measured wave velocity conversion ratio for ponderosa pine is the highest at 1.36, while red pine has the lowest at 1.10. The difference between the measured and theoretical wave velocity conversion ratios for radiata pine is the smallest, at only − 0.8%, while the largest difference is for ponderosa pine, at 22.5%. Overall, except for western hemlock and ponderosa pine, the measured and theoretical conversion ratios for other species are relatively close, with differences within 10%. With the exception of a few species, the theoretical model for the wave velocity conversion ratio between standing trees and logs proposed in this paper is accurate and feasible.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":810,"journal":{"name":"Wood Science and Technology","volume":"59 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145145226","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimization of the inclusion efficiency of phenolic Pinus brutia extracts","authors":"Serenay Eyüboğlu,&nbsp;İlkyaz Patır,&nbsp;Saliha Şahin,&nbsp;Gül Dinç Ata","doi":"10.1007/s00226-025-01703-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00226-025-01703-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Phenolics, which are secondary plant metabolites, have an important place in nutritional therapy due to their potent antioxidant properties. Phenolics also show anti-inflammatory, anti-mutagenic, and anti-fungal effects. <i>Pinus brutia</i>, a natural source of phenolics, is known for its wound-healing, immunity-enhancing, and ailment-treating properties. Encapsulation has many advantages for biologically active ingredients, such as enhancing thermal stability, masking unwanted tastes or odors, protecting bioactive compounds from environmental degradation (such as moisture, oxygen, and light), and improving bioavailability by enabling controlled or targeted release. The first stage of the study involved the extraction of phenolics from <i>Pinus brutia</i> bark (PBB) using four different solvents, including methanol, ethanol, ethanol–water (70:30, v/v), and methanol–water (70:30, v/v). The phenolic compound profile of the extracts was determined using HPLC–DAD. An experimental design was used to achieve maximum encapsulation efficiency in the PBB extract-β-cyclodextrin inclusion complex (PBB–β–CD). To this purpose, various parameters (β–cyclodextrin ratio, temperature, PBB extract volume, and time) were optimized using Response Surface Methodology–Central Composite Design. The significant parameters and optimum conditions that influenced the response were identified. Under optimum conditions, the experimental encapsulation efficiency was 90.45 ± 1.34%, closely matching the predicted encapsulation efficiency of 93.31%. The PBB–β–CD was characterized using SEM and FT–IR, confirming the efficiency of the encapsulation process. Based on the data obtained in this study, it is anticipated that the inclusion complex developed as a result of encapsulation of PBB extract with β-CD can be used in various fields such as nutraceutical and biomedical.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":810,"journal":{"name":"Wood Science and Technology","volume":"59 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145145231","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Moisture diffusion characteristics of bamboo: influence of anatomical variations through radial direction","authors":"Wenjuan Zhao,&nbsp;Hui Peng,&nbsp;Hong Chen,&nbsp;Tianyi Zhan,&nbsp;Liping Cai,&nbsp;Jianxiong Lyu","doi":"10.1007/s00226-025-01707-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00226-025-01707-w","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Understanding the water vapor diffusion characteristics of bamboo is crucial for optimizing the manufacturing of bamboo-based products. Its radial structure, composed of distinct anatomical regions—such as the bamboo outer layer (BOL), inner layer (BIL), pith ring (BPR), and membrane (BM)—results in variations in chemical composition and contributes to complex moisture diffusion behavior. To explore how these regions contribute to moisture transport, three types of bamboo samples were prepared: intact (BOL/BM), BM removed (BOL/BPR), and both BM and BPR removed (BOL/BIL). Water vapor diffusion was assessed using the wet cup method (humidity levels of 85% and 0%). The work measured diffusion in both the outer-to-inner (BM-BOL, BPR-BOL, BIL-BOL) and inner-to-outer (BOL-BM, BOL-BPR, BOL-BIL) directions. The results indicated that the moisture diffusion was significantly more efficient in the inner-to-outer direction compared to the outer-to-inner direction. BOL-BIL showed the lowest water vapor resistance factor (<i>µ</i> = 62.73 ± 1.55), attributed to the exposure of parenchyma cells and vessels following BPR removal. Conversely, BOL-BPR showed the highest resistance (<i>µ</i> = 108.96 ± 4.93) due to the high lignin content and thick-walled cell structure of BPR. The BM’s layered and porous architecture, formed by collapsed pith cells, facilitated efficient moisture diffusion, endowing it with optimal hygroscopic properties. However, BPR’s inhibitory effect increased resistance in BOL-BM (<i>µ</i> = 81.17 ± 2.43). This study elucidates the distinct roles of BPR and BM in water vapor diffusion within bamboo, enhancing the understanding of its internal moisture diffusion mechanisms and providing a foundation for the development of moisture-resistant bamboo materials.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":810,"journal":{"name":"Wood Science and Technology","volume":"59 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145145156","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular dynamics simulation and experimental analysis of laser-induced graphene on moso bamboo","authors":"Jiahao Liu,&nbsp;Jiawen Zheng,&nbsp;Rongrong Li","doi":"10.1007/s00226-025-01705-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00226-025-01705-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Laser-induced technology is an efficient and eco-friendly method for graphene preparation, enabling in situ generation of graphene through laser irradiation of carbon-containing precursors. The formation process of laser-induced graphene (LIG) using moso bamboo as the precursor was systematically investigated through a combined approach of molecular dynamics simulations and experimental characterization. For simulations, an innovative simplified moso bamboo model comprising three primary components (cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin) was constructed by the Materials Studio software. The LIG formation process was simulated at the atomic scale using LAMMPS software with the ReaxFF reactive force field to elucidate the underlying mechanism. During experiments, the multiple characterization techniques were employed to analyze the microstructure, elemental composition, structural features, crystalline phases and defect structure of the LIG. The simulation results indicated that the formation of bamboo-derived LIG follows a pyrolysis-dominated mechanism, achieving a graphene yield of 35.29%. The process generated defective carbon networks dominated by hexagonal rings (53.65%), with concomitant release of small gas molecules, including H₂ (50.20%), CO (39.87%), H₂O (5.94%), and CO₂ (3.99%). The characterization results from Raman, TEM, XPS, and XRD confirm that laser irradiation successfully converted biomass moso bamboo into a carbon-based material dominated by sp² hybridization, exhibiting a defective multilayer graphene structure. In addition, SEM and EDS observations reveal the microporous structure of LIG and changes in elemental composition before and after processing, which align with the simulation results, validating the rationality of the constructed simplified model. By revealing the synergistic pyrolysis-graphitization mechanism of moso bamboo, this study validates the applicability of the multicomponent simplified model to real biomass systems, enabling controllable preparation of biomass-derived graphene and enhanced resource utilization of moso bamboo.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":810,"journal":{"name":"Wood Science and Technology","volume":"59 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145073735","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative study of bleached and lignin-containing cellulose nanofibrils as reinforcements in epoxy composites","authors":"Laura Alvarez Marin,&nbsp;Zahra Naghizadeh Mahani,&nbsp;Maria Soledad Peresin","doi":"10.1007/s00226-025-01696-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00226-025-01696-w","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This comparative study explores the influence of incorporating cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs) obtained from bleached and lignin-containing cellulose pulp as reinforcements in an epoxy matrix. The research aims to identify optimal nanocellulose loading levels for improved mechanical properties of corresponding composites. Bleached CNF (BCNF) and lignin-containing CNF (LCNF) were introduced at different weight percentages (0.5, 0.75, and 1%) using high-energy mechanical mixing and the composites were characterized through mechanical, morphological, chemical, and thermal analyses. The results indicated that BCNF exhibited superior performance compared to LCNF in improving the mechanical properties of the epoxy composites. Specifically, a 0.75% BCNF loading significantly enhanced the composite’s toughness (41% increase) and elastic modulus (79% increase) while reducing brittleness, making the material stronger and more ductile. In contrast, LCNF composites displayed lower mechanical performance and reduced ductility. The interaction between BCNF and the epoxy matrix was more pronounced, as confirmed by QCM-D and FTIR analysis, suggesting better compatibility. Thermal analysis showed that both BCNF and LCNF reduced the thermal stability of the epoxy matrix, but LCNF, with lignin, provided some protection. Lignin’s aromatic and antioxidant structure helped maintain thermal resistance, making LCNF composites at 1% loading thermally comparable to neat epoxy. However, higher BCNF loading (1%) led to decreased mechanical properties, likely due to nanocellulose aggregation. This research highlights the potential of optimizing nanocellulose content for tailored performance in bio-based composite materials.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":810,"journal":{"name":"Wood Science and Technology","volume":"59 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00226-025-01696-w.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145050830","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Facile synthesis of high-performance bamboo-based polymer composites with better dimensional stability and enhanced thermal conductivity","authors":"Xin Tao,&nbsp;Xiaoyang Fang,&nbsp;Shuangshuang Wu,&nbsp;Chuang Shao,&nbsp;Wei Xu","doi":"10.1007/s00226-025-01704-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00226-025-01704-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Natural bamboo (NB) has inherent limitations, such as low thermal conductivity, tendency of hygroscopic expansion, and susceptibility to mold and mildew attack, which hampers its high value-added applications. This study developed high-performance bamboo-based polymer composites (BPC) by a delignification process combined with impregnation of AlN/BN-Epoxy resin. The thermal conductivity of BPC increased by 155.7% to 0.358 W/(m·K), as compared with NB, whereas hydrophobic modification of the surface reduced the hygroscopic volume expansion to below 3%. Application of pressure optimized the distribution of resin and interfacial bonding that could achieve a tensile strength of 115.61 MPa (10.2% increase compared to NB). Further, BPC showed improved thermal stability with peak pyrolysis temperature of 367.3 °C. Micromorphological analysis confirmed that continuous thermally conductive networks were formed by the alignment of AlN/BN filler in the epoxy matrix. Meanwhile, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) showed the presence of hydrophobic C-F bonds on the modified surfaces. This multi-scale approach could successfully overcome the limitations of bamboo’s performance, endowing BPC with combined thermal capabilities, mechanical strength, and environmental durability. These advancements make BPC a sustainable alternative to conventional underfloor heating substrates and heat dissipation components.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":810,"journal":{"name":"Wood Science and Technology","volume":"59 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145028282","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sustainable transparent wood composites from alternative biomass sources and polyvinyl alcohol for optical applications","authors":"Dao Kha Giang,&nbsp;M. N Prabhakar,&nbsp;Dong-Woo Lee,&nbsp;Maksym Li,&nbsp;Jung-il Song","doi":"10.1007/s00226-025-01694-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00226-025-01694-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The increasing demand for sustainable high-performance materials has necessitated the development of alternatives to conventional glass- and petroleum-based plastics, particularly for transparent and mechanically robust applications. Transparent wood composites (TWCs) have gained attention as eco-friendly structural materials. However, existing studies have primarily focused on stem wood (SW) and epoxy-based polymers, which limit material flexibility, environmental sustainability, and diversified biomass utilization. To address this limitation, this study introduces a novel approach utilizing delignified biomass from branch (BH) and bark (BK) along with SW in combination with polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), a biodegradable and eco-friendly polymer matrix. The delignification process effectively removed the lignin, leading to enhanced cellulose crystallinity, increased optical transmittance, and improved polymer infiltration. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) confirmed substantial lignin removal, whereas X-ray diffraction (XRD) revealed differences in crystallinity across the biomass sources, with SW exhibiting the highest structural order. Optical analyses demonstrated that transparent composites made from branches with a smaller particle size (&lt; 200 μm) and a wood powder ratio of 40% (TBH &lt; 200 − 40) achieved the highest transmittance (85% at 600 nm) and superior light diffusion, making them suitable for optical and photonic applications. In contrast, transparent composites made from stem wood (TSWs) exhibited the highest mechanical strength, which was attributed to their densely packed fiber structure and high cellulose content, making them more suitable for load-bearing applications. BK-based composites demonstrated inferior mechanical and optical performance due to poor polymer adhesion and residual lignin content. These findings highlight the potential of alternative biomass sources for the development of high-performance TWCs, thereby enhancing their applicability in sustainable architecture, advanced optics, and flexible electronics.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":810,"journal":{"name":"Wood Science and Technology","volume":"59 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145021563","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study on properties of SiO2 mineralized delignification and hydrogel treated poplar wood composites","authors":"Quan Li,&nbsp;Lin Li,&nbsp;Keqing Wang,&nbsp;Peng Peng,&nbsp;Xinnian Guo,&nbsp;Yanyan Sun,&nbsp;Qingqiu Yan,&nbsp;Huimin Zhang","doi":"10.1007/s00226-025-01687-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00226-025-01687-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In this study, the natural biomineralization process was simulated using NaClO₂ to remove lignin, thereby exposing the cellulose skeleton of poplar. The biocompatibility was enhanced through gelatin gel impregnation, which provided nucleation sites for subsequent SiO₂ mineralization. The in-situ mineralization of SiO₂ within the cell wall and cell cavity of poplar was achieved via the sol-gel method, utilizing tetraethyl orthosilicate as the silicon source, in conjunction with pH adjustment and a low-voltage electrostatic field. Consequently, SiO₂ mineralized delignification and hydrogel treated poplar wood composites (SDP) were prepared, featuring SiO₂ mineralized delignification and hydrogel treatment. The detection and analysis of the physical performance indicators of SDP revealed a weight% gain of 12.56%, an increase in absolute dry density, and significantly reduced radial and chordwise saturated water swelling rates and water absorption rates. Surface color and glossiness analyses indicated that the color of SDP darkened and its glossiness decreased. The water contact angle test demonstrated an enhancement in the hydrophilicity of the SDP surface. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis confirmed the formation of organic-inorganic hybrid structures between SiO₂ and poplar wood. Thermogravimetric analysis indicated that SDP exhibited improved thermal stability and increased activation energy, suggesting a more stable chemical structure and a more challenging pyrolysis reaction. Scanning electron microscopy and X-ray energy dispersive spectrometry revealed a uniform distribution of SiO₂ within SDP, resulting in a dense SiO₂ film layer and filler. This study presented a novel method for enhancing the performance and added value of fast-growing poplar wood, offering a new strategy for the development of high-performance biomass composite materials.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":810,"journal":{"name":"Wood Science and Technology","volume":"59 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145021562","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}