Wood Science and Technology最新文献

{"title":"Multilevel analysis of six species of Phyllostachys bamboo and Arundo donax: preliminary survey on Italian grown stands","authors":"Silvia Greco,&nbsp;Luisa Molari,&nbsp;Giovanni Valdrè,&nbsp;Jose Jaime Garcia","doi":"10.1007/s00226-024-01547-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00226-024-01547-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The paper focuses on a multilevel analysis considering six species of bamboo of the <i>Phyllostachys</i> family (<i>P. bambusoides</i>, <i>edulis</i>, <i>iridescens</i>, <i>viridiglaucescens</i>, <i>violacescens</i>, and <i>vivax</i>) and <i>Arundo donax</i> grown in temperate climates, most of them not already studied in the literature. The analysis is divided into three levels. The analysis at the first level (the microscopic scale) includes an anatomical study to assess the shapes and dimensions of the vascular bundles and the sclerenchymatic and parenchymatic tissues. At the second mesoscale level, the percentage and distribution of the fibres, voids and parenchyma are calculated. At the third level, the macroscopic one, a discussion of the influence of the microscopical properties on mechanical properties is carried out. Despite the limited number of specimens analysed at the microscale level, differences between species emerged from the analysis and influenced the macroscopic characteristic values. In particular, the morphology of the components differs, especially in the case of <i>Arundo donax</i>, which presents a unique distribution of its components along the culm wall. Different contents of each component are observed for the species analysed. Moreover, an innovative analysis that focuses on the presence and distribution of voids is presented, which have a fundamental role in the mechanical behaviour of this material. The analysis did not account for the influence of the environment on composition or anatomical and physical characteristics.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":810,"journal":{"name":"Wood Science and Technology","volume":"58 3","pages":"1025 - 1049"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00226-024-01547-0.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140662009","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Plant cell wall reconstruction towards enhancing moisture stability and toughness by assembling delignified wood with alkali lignin","authors":"Feng Gu,&nbsp;Xiuxue Niu,&nbsp;Daquan Zhang,&nbsp;Zhaosheng Cai,&nbsp;Wangxia Wang,&nbsp;Junlong Song,&nbsp;Yongcan Jin,&nbsp;Huining Xiao","doi":"10.1007/s00226-024-01552-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00226-024-01552-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Developing a moisture-stable structural material with high toughness is essential for improving the stability of packaging and building materials. Wood is a pervasive structural material with naturally good mechanical properties. However, insufficient moisture stability and toughness compromises its safety and structural requirements. Herein, we constructed a moisture-stable wood veneer with high toughness by assembling the choline chloride-ethanolamine delignified wood with alkali lignin, followed by hot-pressing to densify the material. Lignin can be assembled into the microchannel of the delignified wood as a filler and binder for reducing molecular transportation and increasing internal bonding. The enhanced tensile strength (582.0 MPa) and strain (3.6%) are accompanied by a significant increase in the toughness to 11.1 MJ/m³, which is 37 times higher than that of natural wood. The excellent mechanical property can be preserved to a large extent after retaining in tropic moisture conditions (38 °C, 90% RH) with retention of 66.2% and 60.8% for tensile strength and toughness, respectively. A stable water contact angle on the surface and limited water adsorption of reconstructed wood indicate a lowered water infiltration velocity, suggesting highly improved moisture stability as needed for structural materials.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":810,"journal":{"name":"Wood Science and Technology","volume":"58 3","pages":"923 - 939"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140678576","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterisation of hygroelastic properties of compression and opposite wood found in branches of Norway spruce","authors":"Marie Hartwig-Nair,&nbsp;Sara Florisson,&nbsp;Malin Wohlert,&nbsp;E. Kristofer Gamstedt","doi":"10.1007/s00226-024-01548-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00226-024-01548-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The differential swelling seen between softwood opposite wood (OW) and its neighbouring compression wood (CW) developed in branches prompts several engineering issues such as dimensional instability and cracking. For a more efficient use of resources, the inevitable CW and OW should not be discarded or used as fuel, but incorporated into engineered wood products. Swelling is a hygroelastic phenomenon, where both the swelling and elastic properties of CW and OW are needed in order to make proper structural predictions. In this paper, swelling coefficients and moisture dependent elastic moduli for both CW and OW in the three principal material directions are provided along with measurements of moisture content, density, and microfibril angle. The small deformations necessitate the use of precise X-ray micro-computed tomography for measurements. The results indicate that CW and OW from Norway spruce branches differ in swelling, especially in longitudinal direction at low moisture content. It is noted that CW is a wood type with less pronounced anisotropic behaviour than both OW and normal wood from the stem, with the elastic moduli less sensitive to moisture changes in both longitudinal and transverse directions.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":810,"journal":{"name":"Wood Science and Technology","volume":"58 3","pages":"887 - 906"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00226-024-01548-z.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140616177","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Aqueous modification of waterlogged archaeological wood by phenylboronic acid to reduce hygroscopicity and improve the dimensional stability","authors":"Yihang Zhou,&nbsp;Yue Zhang,&nbsp;Liyan Kan,&nbsp;Yue Wang,&nbsp;Kai Wang,&nbsp;Dongbo Hu","doi":"10.1007/s00226-024-01551-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00226-024-01551-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>During the dehydration of waterlogged archaeological wood (WAW), shrinkage inevitably occurs due to capillary force and hydrogen bond recombination as WAW loses free and adsorbed water. Existing drying techniques, including solvent displacement, freeze-drying, and supercritical fluid drying, only take effect by reducing or eliminating the surface tension of liquid. Nonetheless, the contribution of hydrogen bond recombination in shrinkage has long been neglected and a countermeasure concerning this problem is needed. In this study, we propose a simple aqueous phenylboronic acid (PBA) treatment that can help improve dimensional stability and reduce hygroscopicity of WAW. Analysis by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, density functional theory calculation and dynamic vapour sorption reveal that PBA can incorporate with hydroxyl groups (–OH) on cellulose through coordination and hydrogen bonds, occupy the water-cellulose binding sites, and possibly inhibit the formation of hydrogen bonds between adjacent cellulose chains.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":810,"journal":{"name":"Wood Science and Technology","volume":"58 3","pages":"941 - 957"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140586850","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transient hygro- and hydro-expansion of freely and restrained dried paper: the fiber-network coupling","authors":"Niels H. Vonk,&nbsp;Eline P. C. van Spreuwel,&nbsp;Thomas Anijs,&nbsp;Ron H. J. Peerlings,&nbsp;Marc G. D. Geers,&nbsp;Johan P. M. Hoefnagels","doi":"10.1007/s00226-024-01540-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00226-024-01540-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The transient dimensional changes during <i>hygro</i>-expansion and <i>hydro</i>-expansion of freely and restrained dried, softwood and hardwood sheets and fibers is monitored, to unravel the governing micro-mechanisms occurring during gradual water saturation. The response of individual fibers is measured using a full-field global digital height correlation method, which has been extended to monitor the transient <i>hydro</i>-expansion of fibers from dry to fully saturated. The <i>hygro</i>- and <i>hydro</i>-expansion is larger for freely versus restrained dried and softwood versus hardwood handsheets. The transient sheet-scale <i>hydro</i>-expansion reveals a sudden strain and moisture content step. It is postulated that the driving mechanism is the moisture-induced softening of the so-called ”dislocated regions” in the fiber’s cellulose micro-fibrils, unlocking further fiber swelling. The strain step is negligible for restrained dried handsheets, which is attributed to the ”dislocated cellulose regions” being locked in their stretched configuration during restrained drying, which is supported by the single fiber <i>hydro</i>-expansion measurements. Finally, an inter-fiber bond model is exploited and adapted to predict the sheet-scale <i>hygro</i>-expansion from the fiber level characteristics. The model correctly predicts the qualitative differences between freely versus restrained dried and softwood versus hardwood handsheets, yet, its simplified geometry does not allow for more quantitative predictions of the sheet-scale <i>hydro</i>-expansion.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":810,"journal":{"name":"Wood Science and Technology","volume":"58 3","pages":"993 - 1024"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00226-024-01540-7.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140586969","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antioxidant, antiproliferative, anti-inflammatory, and enzyme inhibition potentials of Ficus carica wood bark and related bioactive phenolic metabolites","authors":"Sonia Yahiaoui,&nbsp;Djamel Edine Kati,&nbsp;Makhlouf Chaalal,&nbsp;Lamiaa M. A. Ali,&nbsp;Khaled El Cheikh,&nbsp;Goeffrey Depaepe,&nbsp;Alain Morère,&nbsp;Chantal Menut,&nbsp;Nadir Bettache,&nbsp;Mostapha Bachir-Bey","doi":"10.1007/s00226-024-01549-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00226-024-01549-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Considering the bioactive composition and therapeutic interest of <i>Ficus carica</i>, much research has been conducted on its fruits and leaves. However, there has been relatively little investigation regarding the wood bark, despite its potential as a rich source of phytochemical compounds with diverse biological activities. The aim of this work is the determination of the phenolic composition of the wood bark extracts of <i>F. carica</i> from three cultivars (<i>Aberkane</i>, <i>Aghanime</i>, and <i>Bakour</i>) and the assessment of their potential cytotoxicity and bioactive capacities such as antioxidant, anticancer, and anti-inflammatory activities. The phytochemical compounds were identified and quantified using UPLC-ESI-MS. The results revealed that <i>Aberkane</i> wood bark cultivar had the highest content of total polyphenols and ascorbic acid, while <i>Aghanime</i> cultivar had the highest content of flavonoids. The wood bark of the <i>Aberkane</i> cultivar exhibited the highest DPPH and ABTS scavenging activities (48.55% and 71.81%, respectively). This extract exhibited strong cytotoxic effects against cancer cell lines MCF-7 (IC₅₀ 143.30 µg/mL) and carcinoma HepG2 (IC₅₀ 240.18 µg/mL), as well as potent anti-inflammatory activity demonstrated by the BSA assay and inhibition of NO production in RAW 264.7 cells. <i>Aghanime</i> wood bark extract exhibited the highest ORAC value (446.078 µmol TE/g). However, the <i>Bakour</i> wood bark cultivar was particularly noteworthy for its iron-chelating properties. The UPLC-ESI-MS analysis revealed the presence of various phenolic compounds, notably chlorogenic acid and rutin. These findings demonstrate that the wood bark extract of fig possesses a diverse range of beneficial biological activities, which are associated with its phytochemical composition.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":810,"journal":{"name":"Wood Science and Technology","volume":"58 3","pages":"1051 - 1075"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140586967","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of the effects of temperature and cooling rate on the freezing of water in wood using dielectric spectroscopy","authors":"Mengyao Ai,&nbsp;Shan Gao,&nbsp;Xinyu Song,&nbsp;Manxuan Feng","doi":"10.1007/s00226-024-01550-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00226-024-01550-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Trees living in subfreezing environments for extended periods are susceptible to brittle fracture and freezing injury, which limits wood quality and final utilization. This study investigates the effects of temperature and cooling rate on the freezing of water in wood using dielectric spectroscopy. Dielectric parameters such as dielectric constant, loss factor, and relaxation strength were observed during cooling process of wood. The effects of subzero temperature and cooling rate on the dielectric parameters were found significant. The dielectric parameters at a slow-cooling rate were generally higher 12%∼143% than those at a fast-cooling rate. During the cooling process from 20°C dropped to − 80°C, the freezing process of water in wood was divided into four stages based on the dielectric parameter change and its impact on wood cell wall was characterized using SEM and DSC methods. The findings of this study provide the basis to explore the freezing behavior of water in wood and further to determine the cause of freezing injury in trees.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":810,"journal":{"name":"Wood Science and Technology","volume":"58 2","pages":"589 - 608"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140586948","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Char formation and smoke suppression mechanism of montmorillonite modified by ammonium polyphosphate/silane towards fire safety enhancement for wood composites","authors":"Liangliang Zhang,&nbsp;Kangren Niu,&nbsp;Haotian Wang,&nbsp;Jiamin Wang,&nbsp;Meihong Liu,&nbsp;Yafang Lei,&nbsp;Li Yan","doi":"10.1007/s00226-024-01546-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00226-024-01546-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The low efficiency of montmorillonite (MMT) as a nano-flame retardant has limited its widespread application. In this work, a clay-based flame retardant was developed by modifying MMT with ammonium polyphosphate (APP) and 3-Aminopropyltriethoxysilane (SCA). Subsequently, wood composites treated with the clay-based flame retardant were prepared, and their char formation and smoke suppression behavior were investigated. MMT sheet effectively absorbed a significant amount of APP, and the broken edges of the sheet were successfully grafted with SCA. This promoted the formation of polyphosphoric acid and improved the interface compatibility among the components of wood composites. The clay-treated wood composites exhibited a reduction in total heat release (by over 27.0%) and a significant increase in char residues (up to 111.9%) compared to the control. Moreover, the second peak of the smoke production rate and mean CO yield were decreased by up to 43.2% and 63.2%, respectively. The formation of continuous, compact, and cross-linking (e.g. C-Si and Si-O-P) char layers endowed wood composites with thermal insulation, delayed the spread of flammable or poisonous gases (e.g. CH₄ and CO), and suppressed the release of toxic smoke. Therefore, a simple and effective method for fabricating a clay-based flame retardant was proposed, which holds potential application in wooden construction materials.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":810,"journal":{"name":"Wood Science and Technology","volume":"58 2","pages":"811 - 827"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140586774","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development and evaluation of deacetylated konjac glucomannan based films incorporated with cellulose nanofibers and alumina nanoparticles","authors":"Yibo Li,&nbsp;Shulei Li,&nbsp;Jieying Yuan,&nbsp;Feifan Xie,&nbsp;Hanxing Wang,&nbsp;Yunjing Lu,&nbsp;Jie Chu","doi":"10.1007/s00226-024-01544-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00226-024-01544-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of different cellulose nanofibers (CNF, 0–20% w/w) and aluminum oxide nanoparticles (Al₂O₃ NPs, 0–4% w/w) concentrations on the properties of deacetylated konjac glucomannan (DKGM) base film, as well as the protective performance of DKGM-based composite film on wood. The addition of CNF primarily improves the mechanical properties of the film. Compared to the KGM base film, the DKGM/CNF composite base film (DKC) exhibits excellent tensile strength and elongation at break, with increases of 44.39 MPa and 19.87%, respectively. After application to the wood surface, the glossiness of the wood increased by 43.48%, and the moisture absorption dimensional change rates reached 0.07% (radial) and 0.11% (tangential), while the moisture absorption coefficients decreased to 0.008 (radial) and 0.019 (tangential). The addition of Al₂O₃ NPs primarily improves the film’s resistance to ultraviolet light and water. Compared to the DKGM base film, the water contact angle, water solubility, and water vapor barrier performance of the DKGM/ Al₂O₃ composite base film (DKA) significantly improved. When applied to the wood surface, the wood wear resistance and aging resistance increased by 62% and 69.67%, respectively. Therefore, DKGM base films doped with CNF and Al₂O₃ NPs have broad development prospects in the field of wood protection.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":810,"journal":{"name":"Wood Science and Technology","volume":"58 2","pages":"829 - 857"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140367674","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"How does phosphoric acid affect the hygroscopicity and chemical components of poplar thermally modified at low temperatures?","authors":"Cuimei Luo,&nbsp;Suyun Hou,&nbsp;Jun Mu,&nbsp;Chusheng Qi","doi":"10.1007/s00226-024-01543-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00226-024-01543-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Shorter processes and lower temperatures are critical to reducing thermally modified wood costs. In this study, the exogenous H₃PO₄ was infiltrated into poplar (<i>Populus</i> × <i>euramaricana</i>) and then heated at low temperatures of 130–170 °C to speed up the thermal modification process of wood with better performance. The hygroscopicity was analyzed by dynamic vapor sorption detection and its constituents of modified wood were characterized by high-performance liquid chromatography and solid-state CP/MAS ¹³C NMR. The results showed that acid combined with low-temperature thermal modification (acid-LTM) resulted in lower equilibrium moisture content compared with the high-temperature thermal modification (HTM) wood. The addition of H₃PO₄ triggered severe degradation of the carbohydrates in the wood, and the mass loss of cellulose and hemicellulose were 11.9% and 24.1% when modified with 3.0% H₃PO₄ at 150 °C, respectively, thereby reducing the quantities of water sorption sites. Besides, the degradation products of carbohydrates crosslinked with the thermally stable lignin to form “pseudo-lignin” substances, leading to an increase in the lignin content of acid-LTM wood. The increase in the crystalline index and crystallite size of cellulose in acid-LTM wood was also conducive to reducing the wood hygroscopicity. The better hydrophobicity of acid-LTM poplar was further verified by its decrease in the water sorption site density and the theoretical OH content compared with HTM wood and unmodified wood. This study will offer a potential process to manufacture thermal-modified wood at a low cost.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":810,"journal":{"name":"Wood Science and Technology","volume":"58 2","pages":"699 - 723"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140301109","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}