Wood Science and Technology最新文献

Damage zone analysis and its effect on the elastic constants of beech blocks with different grain orientations under compression 不同晶粒取向山毛榉块体压缩损伤区分析及其对弹性常数的影响

IF 3.1 2区农林科学

Wood Science and Technology Pub Date : 2025-05-26 DOI: 10.1007/s00226-025-01664-4

Wengang Hu, Peng Yang, Yan Wang, Jilei Zhang

{"title":"Damage zone analysis and its effect on the elastic constants of beech blocks with different grain orientations under compression","authors":"Wengang Hu, Peng Yang, Yan Wang, Jilei Zhang","doi":"10.1007/s00226-025-01664-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00226-025-01664-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The damage zone and its effects on orthotropic deformations and elastic constants of beech blocks when subjected to compressive loading were investigated. The impact of surface treatment (sanded and speckled) on strain contours was examined first, followed by evaluating the effects of grain orientation, damage zone location, and load level on the length of damage zone. Subsequently, the effects of damage zone location on measured elastic moduli of beech blocks in various directions were evaluated. Finally, the factors on the elastic constants of beech blocks were investigated by considering six different strain-measuring methods. Experimental analyses found that sanded and speckled blocks had nearly identical strain contours when subjected to compressive loading in radial (R), tangential (T), and RT45° grain orientations, respectively. The length of the damage zone was significantly affected by grain orientation, load level, and damage zone location. The ratios of the length of the damage zone to the length of the tested block in different grain orientations ranged from 0.041 to 0.074 at proportional limit load and 0.045–0.078 at yield load. The mean ratio of each of the three elastic moduli measured in two ends of a tested beech block to one measured in its middle section ranged from 0.41 to 0.58. The length of the damage zone measured in tested beech blocks tended to show a negative correlation to its measured elastic moduli. These findings could provide a basic understanding of damage zones to analytical and numerical modeling of orthotropic deformations of beech wood.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":810,"journal":{"name":"Wood Science and Technology","volume":"59 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144140174","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Transient water vapor diffusion in paper treated with methyltrimethoxysilane modified starch 甲基三甲氧基硅烷改性淀粉处理纸张中的瞬态水蒸气扩散

IF 3.1 2区农林科学

Wood Science and Technology Pub Date : 2025-05-23 DOI: 10.1007/s00226-025-01663-5

Wiesław Olek, Waldemar Perdoch, Andreas Treu, Jerzy Majka, Łukasz Czajkowski, Bartłomiej Mazela, Jerzy Weres

{"title":"Transient water vapor diffusion in paper treated with methyltrimethoxysilane modified starch","authors":"Wiesław Olek, Waldemar Perdoch, Andreas Treu, Jerzy Majka, Łukasz Czajkowski, Bartłomiej Mazela, Jerzy Weres","doi":"10.1007/s00226-025-01663-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00226-025-01663-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The interaction of cellulose paper with water is a major hindrance to its broader application. This study, which introduces a novel approach to understand water vapor diffusion in both untreated and treated paper, aims to identify the diffusion coefficient, a crucial property in improving the hydrophobicity of paper. The treatment process utilized an aqueous solution of starch or starch modified with methyltrimethoxysilane (MTMS). While the initial sorption method is frequently used to determine the diffusion coefficient, this study found that it could lead to significant errors due to the non-Fickian behavior exhibited by lignocellulosic materials. This behavior causes that the hygroscopic equilibrium is not instantly obtained by surface of paper. It also induces slowing down moisture diffusion in its final stage due to molecular relaxation. For the first time, the modified convective boundary condition was introduced into the moisture diffusion model in paper materials. The results from vapor sorption experiments demonstrated this non-Fickian behavior, particularly at high values of air relative humidity. The study also revealed that the commonly applied first kind boundary condition is not applicable, even for thin paper samples, inhibiting the use of the initial sorption method for determining the diffusion coefficient. While the treatment with starch and MTMS significantly improved the hydrophobic properties of paper, it didn’t alter substantially its hygroscopic properties, potentially due to not blocking active sorption sites of cellulose fibers. This research underscores the need for further investigation into the chemical modification of cellulose fibers to improve the hydrophobicity of paper.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":810,"journal":{"name":"Wood Science and Technology","volume":"59 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00226-025-01663-5.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144117742","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Lignin nanoparticles from softwood and hardwood as sustainable additives for broad-spectrum protection and enhanced sunscreen performance 从软木和硬木中提取的木质素纳米颗粒可作为广谱保护和增强防晒性能的可持续添加剂

IF 3.1 2区农林科学

Wood Science and Technology Pub Date : 2025-05-16 DOI: 10.1007/s00226-025-01659-1

Marta Goliszek-Chabros, Taoran Xu, Anita Bocho-Janiszewska, Beata Podkościelna, Olena Sevastyanova

引用次数: 0

Effect of heating medium and pressure on the set recovery and physicochemical properties of surface-compressed Chinese fir

IF 3.1 2区农林科学

Wood Science and Technology Pub Date : 2025-05-14 DOI: 10.1007/s00226-025-01655-5

Jing Li, Rongfeng Huang, Shuangbao Zhang

{"title":"Effect of heating medium and pressure on the set recovery and physicochemical properties of surface-compressed Chinese fir","authors":"Jing Li, Rongfeng Huang, Shuangbao Zhang","doi":"10.1007/s00226-025-01655-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00226-025-01655-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Pressurized heat treatment is an effective modification method for reducing the deformation recovery of compressed wood. In this study, the set recovery behavior, physicochemical and mechanical properties were studied for Chinese fir (<i>Cunninghamia lanceolata (Lamb.) Hook</i>) subjected to surface compression treatment followed by pressurized heat treatment. The surface compression of wood was conducted in an open hot press with compression ratio of 33% as the first step, followed by pressurized heat treatment at 180 °C with different heating medium (nitrogen, steam, and nitrogen-steam mixed gas) under varying pressures of 0.1 MPa, 0.3 MPa, and 0.5 MPa as the second step. The results showed that the compressed layer density, the modulus of rupture (MOR), and the modulus of elasticity (MOE) of surface-compressed wood increased by about 55.56%, 56.60% and 30.90%, respectively, compared with the uncompressed wood. At higher heating medium pressures of 0.5 MPa with steam, the set recovery of surface-compressed (SC) wood induced by immersion and boiling in water was reduced by 88.03% and 70.11%, respectively, compared to the SC wood without pressurized heat treatment. Under the same medium pressure, SC wood treated with steam exhibited reduced set recovery compared to that treated with nitrogen and a nitrogen-steam mixed gas. It should be noted that incorporating nitrogen as a heating medium during the steam heat treatment process can reduce surface discoloration and improve mechanical properties while permanently fixing more than 70% of the compressive deformation of wood.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":810,"journal":{"name":"Wood Science and Technology","volume":"59 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143944387","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Growth-ring effect on moisture-induced stress and damage development in glued laminated timber 生长环对胶合层合木材湿致应力和损伤发展的影响

IF 3.1 2区农林科学

Wood Science and Technology Pub Date : 2025-05-08 DOI: 10.1007/s00226-025-01647-5

Taoyi Yu, Franziska Seeber, Ani Khaloian, Jan-Willem van de Kuilen

{"title":"Growth-ring effect on moisture-induced stress and damage development in glued laminated timber","authors":"Taoyi Yu, Franziska Seeber, Ani Khaloian, Jan-Willem van de Kuilen","doi":"10.1007/s00226-025-01647-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00226-025-01647-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Humidity fluctuations are a leading cause of damage in wooden constructions. In the case of glulam products, the multitude of possible layups concerning pith locations, diverse material properties across wood species, and the high computational cost associated with multi-field analysis have constrained many research efforts to focus on one specific glulam layup, consequently limiting the generalizability of the findings. To address this challenge, Monte Carlo simulations were employed to assess the significance of various factors. Based on which, two levels of simplification are proposed. The first level reduces the multi-layer problem to a single-layer one by applying appropriate boundary conditions. It substantially reduces the simulation costs and consequently facilitates sophisticated damage analysis, revealing the varying damage pattern across different board types. The second level of simplification further reduces the problem to a single-element model, enabling an analytical estimation of moisture stress. This level of simplification elucidates how factors such as moisture difference, material rotational angle, and other material properties influence the moisture-induced stress. Most importantly, it facilitates a rapid estimation of the critical moisture fluctuation range and the preferred sawing location of boards for different wood species, which can provide guidance to the production of higher moisture resistant glulam.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":810,"journal":{"name":"Wood Science and Technology","volume":"59 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00226-025-01647-5.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143919224","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A review on the role of thermogravimetric analysis in assessing thermal stability and degradation of wood 热重分析在评价木材热稳定性和降解中的作用综述

IF 3.1 2区农林科学

Wood Science and Technology Pub Date : 2025-05-07 DOI: 10.1007/s00226-025-01665-3

Charles Michael Albert, Kang Chiang Liew

{"title":"A review on the role of thermogravimetric analysis in assessing thermal stability and degradation of wood","authors":"Charles Michael Albert, Kang Chiang Liew","doi":"10.1007/s00226-025-01665-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00226-025-01665-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This article provides an in-depth review of thermogravimetric analysis, highlighting the principle of pyrolysis and the analytical technique, as well as their significance for wood’s thermal degradation kinetics. The influence of the operating conditions and the material parameters on the thermal decomposition behaviour has also been discussed. Besides that, the comparative analysis of different treatments and operating conditions applied across various wood species has been thoroughly reviewed, where treatments such as torrefaction improved its thermal stability. Moreover, different approaches to improving wood’s thermal stability and their effects on the thermogravimetric analysis have been critically reviewed, and the mass loss, onset temperature, and char yield during the experiment show notable changes. This comprehensive review aims to provide insights into the important role of this analytical technique in assisting researchers and practitioners in selecting appropriate treatments to improve wood’s properties for safer and more sustainable use in a wide range of applications.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":810,"journal":{"name":"Wood Science and Technology","volume":"59 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00226-025-01665-3.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143913780","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The effect of modification technologies on the triboelectric activation of wood surfaces 改性技术对木材表面摩擦电活化的影响

IF 3.1 2区农林科学

Wood Science and Technology Pub Date : 2025-05-07 DOI: 10.1007/s00226-025-01656-4

LM. Leiter, R. Wimmer

{"title":"The effect of modification technologies on the triboelectric activation of wood surfaces","authors":"LM. Leiter, R. Wimmer","doi":"10.1007/s00226-025-01656-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00226-025-01656-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>During brushing, friction between the brush and solid wood causes surfaces to become electrically charged through triboelectric effects. Wood, being a semi-conductive material, has its electrical conductivity influenced by factors such as moisture content, density, and anatomical structure. This study investigates the extent of triboelectric activation on wood surfaces using a wood brushing machine, with continuous detection of triboelectric surface field strengths. The effects of various wood modification technologies were assessed by comparing untreated control samples of two wood species, beech and poplar, to samples subjected to (1) densification, (2) steaming, and (3) thermal treatment at 120 °C and 180 °C. Positive triboelectric field strengths were recorded across all samples, with both nylon and steel wire brushes. The highest mean field strengths, 29.33 kV/m with the nylon brush and 7.86 kV/m with the steel brush, were observed in thermally treated at 180 °C and steamed poplar wood. Although surface field strength could not be directly correlated to density, a dependency on moisture content was established. These findings suggest that tailoring surface charges by controlling triboelectric effects could offer new opportunities for technical applications, such as chemistry-free primer modifications prior to wood coating.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":810,"journal":{"name":"Wood Science and Technology","volume":"59 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00226-025-01656-4.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143919259","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

‘Tracheid effect’ light scattering response of common commercial species of Malaysia using red laser (650 nm) for grain angle detection, and machine learning based performance prediction 利用红色激光（650 nm）检测马来西亚常见商业树种的“管状效应”光散射响应，以及基于机器学习的性能预测

IF 3.1 2区农林科学

Wood Science and Technology Pub Date : 2025-05-07 DOI: 10.1007/s00226-025-01653-7

Chiat Oon Tan, Shigenobu Ogata, Hwa Jen Yap, Jin Xue Soo, Zuriani Usop, Mohd ’Akashah Fauthan, Shaer Jin Liew, Siew-Cheok Ng

{"title":"‘Tracheid effect’ light scattering response of common commercial species of Malaysia using red laser (650 nm) for grain angle detection, and machine learning based performance prediction","authors":"Chiat Oon Tan, Shigenobu Ogata, Hwa Jen Yap, Jin Xue Soo, Zuriani Usop, Mohd ’Akashah Fauthan, Shaer Jin Liew, Siew-Cheok Ng","doi":"10.1007/s00226-025-01653-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00226-025-01653-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>’Tracheid effect’, or laser light scattering in wood is an important phenomenon in the study of wood, but not well researched for Malaysian timber species. Sixty (60) common commercial timber species of Malaysia, as defined by the Forest Research Institute Malaysia (FRIM), were tested for ’tracheid effect’ response using 650 nm (red) laser. 5 samples each of 11 heavy hardwood, 15 medium hardwood, 32 light hardwood, and 2 softwood species were tested. Medium density fibreboard (MDF) was used as a reference. The grain angle performance metric, which is the root mean squared error (RMSE) between the observed and actual angles of ellipse generated by the dot laser and imaged by the camera, was determined and tabulated. To predict the grain angle performance for unknown species using colour and density features, two machine learning (ML) classification approaches were tested, namely k-Nearest Neighbour (k-NN), and shallow feed-forward artificial neural network (ANN), as well as one function-fitting ANN. For predicting RMSE <span>(<5^circ)</span>, the function-fitting ANN performed the best at 82.7%, while k-NN scored the highest overall performance of 89.3% when predicting RMSE <span>(<10^circ)</span>. The density of wood did not directly correlate with the grain angle performance, but its inclusion as a feature together with the colour features improved the accuracy of the ML predictions. The colour features related to brightness were dominant features that affected performance. In summary, this study confirmed that wood colour as well as density plays an important role in the ability to determine grain angle by means of the tracheid effect using 650 nm lasers.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":810,"journal":{"name":"Wood Science and Technology","volume":"59 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00226-025-01653-7.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143913785","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Obituary: T. Kent Kirk (1940–2025) 讣告：T. Kent Kirk （1940-2025）

IF 3.1 2区农林科学

Wood Science and Technology Pub Date : 2025-05-02 DOI: 10.1007/s00226-025-01658-2

Kenneth E. Hammel, Ming Tien, Thomas W. Jeffries

引用次数: 0

Microwave characterization and mathematical simulation of dielectric properties in poplar wood with different moisture contents 不同含水率杨木介电特性的微波表征及数学模拟

IF 3.1 2区农林科学

Wood Science and Technology Pub Date : 2025-04-28 DOI: 10.1007/s00226-025-01654-6

Wei Quan, Shiyao Wang, Mohammed Afsar

{"title":"Microwave characterization and mathematical simulation of dielectric properties in poplar wood with different moisture contents","authors":"Wei Quan, Shiyao Wang, Mohammed Afsar","doi":"10.1007/s00226-025-01654-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00226-025-01654-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In recent years, there has been a marked increase in demand for timber. Conventional timber drying methods, characterized by long drying times and significant pollution, have struggled to meet this demand effectively. In contrast, microwave drying, as an emerging technology, offers the benefits of speed, high efficiency, environmental friendliness, safety, and sterilization capabilities. However, this method also faces challenges such as uneven drying and low efficiency during the process. To address these issues, the article initially explores the theoretical relationship between the <i>dielectric permittivity</i>, <i>moisture content</i>, <i>energy utilization rate</i>, and <i>microwave penetration depth</i>. It then delves into the principles of microwave heating and outlines the main factors influencing timber drying, specifically <i>moisture content</i> and <i>microwave frequency</i>. Subsequently, a three-port circular resonant cavity was designed using finite element analysis software using a homogeneous wood material as a simulation object in order to simulate the effect of microwave application on the uniformity of the internal temperature distribution during the drying process. The simulation analyses and fits the relationship between <i>moisture content</i>, <i>dielectric permittivity</i>, <i>energy utilization rate</i>, <i>temperature coefficient of variation</i>, and <i>microwave penetration depth</i>, culminating in a model of high predictive accuracy. Simulated results confirm that the methods and parameter settings proposed in this paper are highly effective, offering potential solutions to the challenges of uneven temperature distribution and low <i>energy utilization rates</i> in microwave timber drying.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":810,"journal":{"name":"Wood Science and Technology","volume":"59 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143879685","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0