Wood Science and Technology最新文献

{"title":"Production of activated biocarbons by microwave-assisted chemical activation of hardwood sawdust and their application in the simultaneous removal of polymers of different origins from aqueous systems","authors":"Małgorzata Wiśniewska,&nbsp;Karina Tokarska,&nbsp;Teresa Urban,&nbsp;Piotr Nowicki,&nbsp;Agnieszka Woszuk","doi":"10.1007/s00226-024-01623-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00226-024-01623-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Sawdust from deciduous trees was used as a raw material for the preparation of carbonaceous adsorbents. Microwave-assisted chemical activation with K₂CO₃ and H₃PO₄ was used to produce materials with a well-developed porous structure. The obtained activated biocarbons were characterized in terms of their porous structure, elemental composition, morphology, thermal stability, as well as surface and electrokinetic properties. The sorption abilities of both materials towards synthetic (poly(acrylic acid)) and natural (lysozyme) polymers in the process of their removal from aqueous systems were determined. Both single adsorbates and mixed solutions of two polymeric adsorbates were tested. The stability of aqueous suspensions containing activated biocarbons and one or two polymers was also determined. As a result of microwave-assisted chemical activation two carbonaceous adsorbents were obtained, characterized by a very well-developed specific surface area (1093–1777 m²/g), a completely different type of porous structure (mesoporous or microporous), and the acidic nature of the surface. The maximum adsorption of poly(acrylic acid) was obtained from a mixed solution of both polymers and it reached values of 379 mg/g (for the sample activated with H₃PO₄ with mean pore diameter 3.04 nm and minimal contribution of micropores—0.3%) and 259 mg/g (for K₂CO₃ activated material characterized by the mean pore diameter equal to 1.72 nm and large contribution of micropores—77.4%). In the case of lysozyme, the adsorption efficiency was two times lower (sorption capacity of 127–166 mg/g). Based on the collective data analysis, it can be stated that the most probable mechanisms of polymeric destabilization (highly desirable in separation from the multicomponent solutions) are surface charge neutralization at pH 3 and bridging flocculation at pH 11 (especially for the systems containing material activated with H₃PO₄ and poly(acrylic acid)).</p></div>","PeriodicalId":810,"journal":{"name":"Wood Science and Technology","volume":"59 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00226-024-01623-5.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142691858","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"New ester-type chemical bonding wood adhesion with a dicarboxylic acid compound","authors":"Daisuke Ando,&nbsp;Kenji Umemura,&nbsp;Hidefumi Yamauchi","doi":"10.1007/s00226-024-01621-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00226-024-01621-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Wood adhesion is one of the fundamental joint technologies for wood-based materials. We focused on an unprecedented chemical bonding wood adhesion. With the final goal of water-resistant wood adhesion using dicarboxylic acid compounds with straight alkyl chains, this study clarified the difference of adhesiveness between glutaric acid (GA) and citric acid (CA) to explore the direct effects of chemical bonding type adhesion on physical properties. In the prepared wood-based moldings, the structural analysis with 2D-NMR of the interphase between GA or CA and wood surfaces revealed that GA adhesion is cleaner and more reactive than CA adhesion, without any side reactions. GA reacted with the wood powder surface. In addition, the water resistance treatments of the GA-type wood-based molding showed a thickness reversibility that is not observed with CA-adhesion. The results indicate that GA-adhesion is very likely a chemical bonding type of wood adhesion, considering the molding process under high temperature and pressure conditions. The physical properties of the molding were evaluated to determine the adhesion properties. GA-type wood-based molding was tougher and more water-resistant than CA-type wood-based molding. The physical properties were attributed to the side-chain structure of GA. The results indicate that dicarboxylic acid compounds could be superior wood adhesives, and other dicarboxylic acids could be used for wood adhesion and the expression of material properties owing to their various side chain structures. Furthermore, the material properties could be controlled by considering the chemical structure of adhesive compounds in the future.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":810,"journal":{"name":"Wood Science and Technology","volume":"59 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00226-024-01621-7.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142691938","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Progressive degradation of acetylated wood by the brown rot fungi Coniophora puteana and Rhodonia placenta","authors":"Tiina Belt,&nbsp;Muhammad Awais","doi":"10.1007/s00226-024-01620-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00226-024-01620-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Acetylation is a wood modification method that reduces the hygroscopicity of wood and increases its resistance to degradation by wood decaying fungi. Even though acetylated wood can have very high decay resistance, the wood material can be degraded and sometimes deacetylated by fungi. This study investigated the degradation and deacetylation of acetylated wood by <i>Coniophora puteana</i> and <i>Rhodonia placenta</i> to better understand the relationship between degradation and deacetylation in two different brown rot fungi. Wood samples were exposed to the fungi in a stacked-sample decay test, followed by acetyl content measurements and FTIR spectroscopy to investigate chemical changes in the samples. The results showed that both fungi could degrade acetylated wood to high mass loss despite a strong reduction in moisture content, but only <i>R. placenta</i> was found to cause preferential deacetylation. The deacetylation was slight and only observed in the early stages of decay in highly acetylated wood. Otherwise, acetyl groups were lost from the samples at the rate of mass loss. FTIR spectroscopy confirmed the loss of acetyl groups and revealed some chemical differences between unacetylated and acetylated wood. The spectral data indicated the loss of acetyl groups from lignin, which suggests that the loss of acetyl groups is not only due to the degradation of acetylated carbohydrates. The degradation of acetylated wood required further investigation, but it is clear that extensive deacetylation is not a requirement for brown rot degradation.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":810,"journal":{"name":"Wood Science and Technology","volume":"59 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00226-024-01620-8.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142672435","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Peltogynoids contributing to discoloration in Peltogyne mexicana heartwood","authors":"Yusuke Taga,&nbsp;Kosei Yamauchi,&nbsp;Tohru Mitsunaga","doi":"10.1007/s00226-024-01617-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00226-024-01617-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Four new peltogynoid monomers (<b>3</b>, <b>7</b>, <b>10</b>, <b>11</b>) and a new peltogynoid dimer (<b>9</b>) were isolated from the heartwood of <i>Peltogyne mexiacana</i>, along with six known compounds (<b>1</b>, <b>2</b>, <b>4</b>, <b>5</b>, <b>6</b>, <b>8</b>). Among the known compounds, the absolute configurations of two flavanones (<b>5</b>, <b>6</b>) were determined. The structures of the isolated compounds were determined using NMR and MALDI-TOF MS analysis. The discoloration of the methanol solutions of the isolated peltogynoids and flavanones was examined by exposing them to room light in the air. The methanol solutions of (+)-peltogynol (<b>1</b>) and (+)-mopanol (<b>4</b>) discolored to reddish and bluish purple, respectively. After discoloration, the <i>b*</i> values of these compounds decreased significantly from 12.1 to 19.1 to -0.7 and − 1.8, respectively. These precursors of pigment compounds <b>1</b> and <b>4</b> have a catechol moiety in the B ring, and a hetero-six-membered ring (D ring) connecting the B and C ring of flavan-3,4-diol <i>via</i> an oxyethylene bridge, which is similar to the structure of leucoanthocyanidin. These results led to the hypothesis that the metabolized pigment compounds have anthocyanidin-like structures with peltogyne skeleton.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":810,"journal":{"name":"Wood Science and Technology","volume":"59 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142636696","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of the antifungal efficiency of coatings on wood","authors":"Olena Myronycheva,&nbsp;Injeong Kim,&nbsp;Olov Karlsson,&nbsp;Liudmyla Kiurcheva,&nbsp;Peter Jacobsson,&nbsp;Dick Sandberg","doi":"10.1007/s00226-024-01614-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00226-024-01614-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Wood is an important construction material, but a significant problem hindering its widespread use is susceptibility to biodeterioration and biodegradation. To protect wood against degradation, a surface coating can be used, and it is important to be able to predict the ability of the coating to prevent fungal growth. The currently available standard method to determine the antifungal efficiency of a coating has two weaknesses, viz<i>.</i> no evaluation of the moisture content in the wood material, and no possibility to study antifungal effect of the coating towards an individual fungus. A new quantitative method of determining the antifungal efficiency of coatings is therefore proposed, where a coating is applied to wood and exposed to an individual fungus in a Petri dish. Six commercial water-based coatings containing synthetic biocides were studied on filter paper (EN 15457) and with the new test method on wood blocks. The results show the importance of studying the antifungal efficiency of a coating using individual fungi instead of a mixture of fungi, since individual fungi interact differently with a given biocide in the coating. The moisture content of the wood substrate during the test was affected by how the fungus was established on the coating. This new test approach shows promise in screening the antifungal efficiency of wood coatings containing preservative substances applied to wood material surfaces.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":810,"journal":{"name":"Wood Science and Technology","volume":"59 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00226-024-01614-6.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142645764","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Determination of local mechanical properties of clear wood in relation to the local fiber deviation","authors":"L. Demoulin,&nbsp;G. Pot,&nbsp;L. Denaud,&nbsp;S. Girardon,&nbsp;B. Marcon","doi":"10.1007/s00226-024-01607-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00226-024-01607-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Products made with veneers such as Laminated Veneer Lumber can reach higher properties than solid wood because the defects such as knots (but not only) are distributed among the various layers. Visual sorting, even using automatic grading, is only partially efficient for evaluating mechanical properties, which mainly depends on the fiber orientation and the density both at local scale. An experimental protocol has been established to correlate the nondestructive (fiber orientation and density) estimation and the destructive (tensile test) measurement of beech veneer wood. The aim is to understand the impact of the small imperfections on clear wood in fiber orientation on the mechanical properties. In the present study, wood veneer is assumed to be a transverse isotropic material due to the predominant wood fiber direction in the growth direction of the tree. Experimental measurements of modulus of elasticity are based on Digital Image Correlation (DIC) and virtual extensometer. The Young modulus model is based on a composite material model that considers fiber orientation and density. The Young modulus model is used to determine longitudinal, transverse, and shear moduli, for specimens with angles ranging from 0 to 45°. Mechanical properties are obtained by mathematical minimization between experimental and model data. The coefficient of determination obtained was 0.97. The measure of the fiber angle with a resolution of 1 × 1 mm² and the tensile test with the DIC, both local, significantly improve Young modulus measurement compared to previous studies’ assessment accuracy and allow for a better understanding of the wood behavior.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":810,"journal":{"name":"Wood Science and Technology","volume":"59 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142600736","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Early detection of heartwood rot caused by Fistulina hepatica in Castanea sativa productive coppices through low-invasive resistance drilling","authors":"Andreu Meijer,&nbsp;E. Jordán Muñoz-Adalia,&nbsp;Eduard Correal-Mòdol,&nbsp;Carlos Colinas","doi":"10.1007/s00226-024-01616-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00226-024-01616-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Chestnut Red Stain (CRS) is a heartwood discoloration that widely affects <i>Castanea sativa</i> Mill. productive coppice stands in the northeast of Spain. At the early stages of infection, the structural properties of the wood are not affected, but still its economic value drops up to 70% due to the rejection of this wood. This disease is caused by the fungus <i>Fistulina hepatica</i> (Schaeff.) With. and causes uncertainty to forest managers since the fungal infection is virtually impossible to detect before felling. The objective of this work was to develop an efficient detection method to evaluate the presence of <i>F. hepatica</i> in early stages of productive periods. A total of 72 chestnuts were analyzed through molecular methods to determine the presence of <i>F. hepatica</i> and with an IML resistance drill to characterize their wood. Thirteen wood quality indices were calculated and their correlation with the presence of the pathogen was evaluated using linear mixed models. We found clear differences between healthy and infected trees in four indices. A new specific index (Chestnut Red Stain Danger index) was designed to estimate the probability of infection by <i>F. hepatica</i>. The results support the hypothesis that the early presence of <i>F. hepatica</i> is detectable through inexpensive and fast mechanical methods early in a rotation. The results of this work will help forest managers evaluate the incidence of CRS, as well as it establishes a novel methodology for further development of resistance drilling techniques for heartwood rot detection.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":810,"journal":{"name":"Wood Science and Technology","volume":"59 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00226-024-01616-4.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142600745","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterizing the chemistry of artificially degraded Scots pine wood serving as a model of naturally degraded waterlogged wood using1H–13C HSQC NMR","authors":"Daniel J. Yelle,&nbsp;Magdalena Broda","doi":"10.1007/s00226-024-01618-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00226-024-01618-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Chemically and biologically degraded Scots pine wood was prepared as a model material for the research on new conservation agents for waterlogged archeological wood. In this study, the model wood was characterized using a 2D¹H–¹³C solution-state NMR technique without derivatization, isolation, or extraction to assess the effect of applied degradation processes on its chemical composition and structure. The results clearly show how the two artificially degraded model wood types are chemically different. Biological decay by the brown-rot fungus <i>Coniophora puteana</i> caused degradation of wood polysaccharides, with heavy depletion in arabinan, mannan, and galactan, along with an increase in the cellulose's reducing ends (i.e., lowering the degree of polymerization) and partial deacetylation of mannan. The fungus cleaved roughly one-fifth of the β-aryl ethers in lignin, leading to a broadening effect on the lignin aromatic unit contours; other lignin sidechains were left untouched. Chemical degradation by NaOH hydrolysis resulted in a depletion in mannan, galactan, and glucan, as well as efficient deacetylation of mannan. It also decreased lignin content, causing changes in its structure; minor β-aryl ether cleavage along with substantial phenylcoumaran cleavage were evident. Detailed knowledge about the chemical composition and structure of artificially degraded model pine wood obtained in this research is necessary to understand the reactivity of these wood types with chemicals used for their conservation. This research will help explain the differences in the stabilization effectiveness observed between these wood types treated during conservation and understand the stabilization mechanisms, thus contributing to developing new, more effective conservation agents for wooden artifacts of Cultural Heritage.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":810,"journal":{"name":"Wood Science and Technology","volume":"59 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00226-024-01618-2.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142600737","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of plant source selection and chemi-mechanical treatment on the fiber microstructures and mechanical behaviors of nanocellulose films","authors":"Yangyang Qian,&nbsp;Chunyu Wang,&nbsp;Yijun Liu,&nbsp;Bingfei Shi,&nbsp;Jianqiang Zhang,&nbsp;Yuan Wei,&nbsp;Gang Chen","doi":"10.1007/s00226-024-01613-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00226-024-01613-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) were isolated and prepared from six different plant sources (Nordic pine, poplar, cotton, flax, bamboo, and pineapple leaf fibers) through a carboxymethylation-homogenization treatment. The surface morphologies, size distributions, and chemical structures of the CNFs and their microfibers were investigated in detail. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) analysis showed that all kinds of CNFs had uniform diameters of less than 10 nm. However, the length and aspect ratio of CNFs exhibited significant differences due to the differences of anatomical characteristics from pulp species. Among these six nanofibers, the pineapple leaf-based nanofibers had the highest length of ca. 2.21 μm and aspect ratio of ca. 1263. Meanwhile, the resulting pineapple leaf-based nanocellulose film possessed the strongest tensile strength (229.0 ± 9.8 MPa) and toughness (33.9 ± 2.9 MJ/m³). Interestingly, the aspect ratio of cotton nanofibers was only 556, lower than that of bamboo, Nordic pine, and flax nanofibers, but the tensile strength (210.6 ± 4.8 MPa) and toughness (22.4 ± 0.6 MJ/m³) of cotton-based nanocellulose film were second only to the pineapple leaf-based nanocellulose film. The critical reason is that the cotton-based nanocellulose exhibited the highest crystallinity index (76.6%), superior to the other source-based nanocellulose. These results suggested that the high aspect ratio or high crystallinity are responsible for the excellent mechanical strengths of the nanocellulose film. This work sheds light on the preparation and selection of highly spindly or crystalline nonwood nanofibrils, suggesting that the pineapple leaf or cotton nanofibers have great potential as strength additives for nanocomposites.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":810,"journal":{"name":"Wood Science and Technology","volume":"59 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142598905","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"UV light-induced photodegradation of condensed tannins: obtaining bayberry tannins with different mean polymerization degrees","authors":"Ying Zhou,&nbsp;Yan Zhang,&nbsp;Yuting Zhang,&nbsp;Wenjing Hu,&nbsp;Shuguang Han","doi":"10.1007/s00226-024-01603-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00226-024-01603-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Condensed tannins (CTs) characterized by a low degree of polymerization (DP) are recognized to have substantial value for applications across diverse industrial sectors, including food production, pharmaceuticals, and wood adhesive manufacturing. To acquire CTs with a low DP, the depolymerization of bayberry tannins (BTs) through a novel approach utilizing UV light-driven photocatalytic degradation, facilitated by the ultrasonic dispersion of TiO₂ nanoparticles was investigated. Under the optimal degradation conditions (a tannin concentration of 6%, a TiO₂ nanoparticles loading amount of 0.20%, and a degradation time of 4 h), the study delineated a discernible linear relationship correlating both the degradation time with the formaldehyde reactivity of the photocatalytic degradation products, and the formaldehyde reactivity with the mean degree of polymerization (mDP) of these photocatalytic degradation products. With the establishment of these correlative relationships, it is feasible to systematically control the degradation process of BTs. The photocatalytic degradation process adhered to the following mechanism: The degradation process of BTs is initiated by the cleavage of the C4-C8 bond which, at the incipient stage of degradation, results in the elimination of one gallocatechin gallate unit and one gallocatechin unit, or alternatively, the removal of a gallocatechin dimer. During the advanced stages of degradation, the opening of the C ring gives rise to different derivatives. Upon establishing optimal degradation parameters, it was observed that the primary constituents of the photocatalytic degradation products were dimers. The utilization of photocatalytic degradation exhibited an ability to break down condensed tannins in a manner that is both controllable and in an environmentally friendly way.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":810,"journal":{"name":"Wood Science and Technology","volume":"59 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142595561","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}