Aquaculture Reports最新文献

{"title":"Performance and physiological consequences of completely replacing soy protein in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) diets with semi-defatted black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) larval meal","authors":"Sara de Sousa e Brito ,&nbsp;Tamara Wind ,&nbsp;Mark Schumann ,&nbsp;Alexander Rebl ,&nbsp;Dirk Koczan ,&nbsp;Verena Jung-Schroers ,&nbsp;Carsten Schulz ,&nbsp;Alexander Brinker","doi":"10.1016/j.aqrep.2025.103007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aqrep.2025.103007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In recent years, the aquaculture industry has seen an increasing substitution of fishmeal (FM) with plant-based ingredients. However, challenges inherent in the use of such ingredients drive an ongoing search for sustainable and cost-effective alternatives. To study the potential of high insect protein content in rainbow trout diets, a dose-response study was set up to assess the effects of replacing up to 100 % of soy protein concentrate (SPC) with a meal of semi-defatted black soldier fly (<em>Hermetia illucens</em>) larvae. In a 10-week feeding experiment, a homogeneous group of 1100 rainbow trout (initial body weight: 135.8 ± 15.3 g) were supplied with 10 different feeds: a commercial soy-based control and diets in which the SPC content was replaced with increasing proportions of black soldier fly larval meal (BSF). All diets also incorporated the same low fishmeal content (7.5 %) and were tested with (Control+, 25BSF+, 50BSF+, 75BSF+ and 100BSF+) and without (Control, 25BSF, 50BSF, 75BSF and 100BSF) a faecal binder treatment. At the end of the experiment, growth performance, feed utilisation, organosomatic indices, and fillet yields were determined alongside histological and transcriptomic analysis of the liver and intestine. Results indicated that substitution with BSF was associated with increased feed intake and a significant, although non-linear, improvement in growth, hinting at nutritional deficiencies in the commercial SPC controls. However, fish fed with insect-free diets exhibited improved protein retention and feed conversion ratio (FCR). No significant differences were apparent in intestinal or liver histology, gene expression or fillet processing yield between treatments, indicating that even a complete replacement of SPC with BSF can take place without compromising rainbow trout health or productivity. This study is a pioneer in demonstrating that a complete substitution of SPC with BSF is possible without adversely affecting the performance of rainbow trout in aquaculture, highlighting once more the potential of these insects as an alternative for feeding salmonids in the near future, as long as regulations worldwide enable more sustainable production of insects for feed purposes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8103,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture Reports","volume":"44 ","pages":"Article 103007"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144890499","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of dietary phosphorus and vitamin d3 supplementation on growth performance, antioxidant capacity, lipid metabolism, and phosphorus transport of hybrid yellow catfish (Pelteobagrus fulvidraco ♀ × Pelteobagrus vachelli ♂)","authors":"Jiali Jiang,&nbsp;Huimin Sun,&nbsp;Rui Wang,&nbsp;Meiqin Zhuo","doi":"10.1016/j.aqrep.2025.103054","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aqrep.2025.103054","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigated the effects of dietary phosphorus levels and vitamin D₃ (VD₃) supplementation on the growth performance, antioxidant capacity, lipid metabolism, and phosphorus transport of hybrid yellow catfish (<em>Pelteobagrus fulvidraco</em> × <em>Pelteobagrus vachelli</em>). Six diets were formulated: five phosphorus levels (0.54 %, 0.65 %, 0.74 %, 0.98 %, 1.28 %) and one VD₃ group (0.65 % phosphorus + 2000 IU/kg VD₃). Each group had three replicates of 40 fish (4.00 ± 0.06 g initial weight). The trial lasted 56 days. The results demonstrated that dietary total phosphorus levels ranging from 0.65 % to 0.74 % promoted growth of hybrid yellow catfish, improved feed utilization and enhanced the hepatic antioxidant capacity. In contrast, low or high phosphorus levels inhibited growth, damaged liver health, and affected hepatic lipid deposition. Lipidomics of the 0.54 % and 0.74 % groups showed 0.74 % phosphorus reduced hepatic triglyceride (TG) and diacylglycerol (DG), while increased the levels of phosphatidylcholine (PC) and phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) through the glycerophospholipid pathway. qPCR results showed that increasing dietary phosphorus significantly upregulated the expression of <em>slc20a1a</em> and <em>slc20a2</em>, but had no significant impact on <em>slc34a1a</em>, <em>slc34a2a</em>, or <em>slc34a2b</em> in the liver of hybrid yellow catfish. Compared the 0.65 % group with the VD₃ group, VD₃ supplementation enhanced liver antioxidant capacity and transporter expression of phosphorus transporters, but reduced the growth of hybrid yellow catfish. Overall, this study defines optimal dietary phosphorus levels required for the growth and liver health of hybrid yellow catfish, which contributes to the sustainable development of the hybrid yellow catfish aquaculture industry.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8103,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture Reports","volume":"44 ","pages":"Article 103054"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144890578","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Elucidating the relationship between gut bacteria communities of raft-cultured Mytilus coruscus and water and sediment environments","authors":"Fenglin Wang ,&nbsp;Yaodong He ,&nbsp;Abdallah Ghonimy ,&nbsp;Shahzad Munir ,&nbsp;Xiumei Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.aqrep.2025.103048","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aqrep.2025.103048","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Relationship between aquaculture environment and gut bacterial communities is crucial for the health of aquatic animals. However, scarce information is present about the composition, diversity, and function of potential gut bacteria and habitat environment in raft-cultured <em>Mytilus coruscus.</em> In this study, the interspecies interactions in the gut of <em>M. coruscus</em> and their culture environment (water and sediment) were investigated utilizing high-throughput sequencing. The research also assessed the relative contribution of potential pathogenic bacteria from the culture environment to <em>M. coruscus.</em> The study found that <em>M. coruscus</em> gut bacteria had considerably reduced alpha diversity compared to water and sediment (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). Principal Coordinate Analysis (PCoA) demonstrated a clear differentiation between microbial communities in the intestines and those in the environment. SIMPER analysis indicated low similarity (7.22–9.03 %) in bacterial community composition between the gut and the environment but high similarity (89.48–90.24 %) in functional composition. The dominant bacterial composition in the gut was markedly different from that in the environment. Furthermore, potential pathogens in the gut also significantly differed from those in the environment, with a relatively low environmental contribution to gut pathogens of <em>M. coruscus</em> (3.46–7.79 %). Co-occurrence network analysis indicated that the gut bacterial network had fewer nodes, edges, and average degree than the environmental network. Still, the gut network had a higher proportion of positive connections. The PICRUSt2 results suggested that the relative abundance of functions related to metabolism in gut bacteria was lower than that of environmental bacteria. In contrast, the relative abundance of functions associated with the immune system and ecological adaptation was higher. These findings contribute to our understanding of the interaction between gut and environmental bacteria in <em>M. coruscus</em> as well as theoretical support for sustainable aquaculture management strategies for <em>M. coruscus</em>.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8103,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture Reports","volume":"44 ","pages":"Article 103048"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144890564","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transcriptome analysis of muscles reveals the effect of low temperature on the growth of Procambarus clarkii","authors":"Xiajun Chen,&nbsp;Long Huang,&nbsp;Jing Chen,&nbsp;Benli Wu,&nbsp;Cangcang Wu,&nbsp;Yaoping Mei,&nbsp;Jixiang He","doi":"10.1016/j.aqrep.2025.103047","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aqrep.2025.103047","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Temperature is an important environmental factor for crustaceans that can affect their growth, development, reproduction, and immunity. The effect of temperature on the growth of crustaceans has been widely studied, but the specific molecular mechanisms are not fully understood. In this study, <em>Procambarus clarkii</em> were cultured at different temperatures (10°C, 18°C, and 26°C) for 3 weeks and grew the fastest at 26°C, followed by 18°C, and the slowest at 10°C. Transcriptome sequencing analysis was performed on the muscles of crayfish, and a total of 14,012 genes were obtained. Based on the standard of (|log₂FC ≥1) and (<em>q</em>-value &lt; 0.05), differentially expressed genes were identified. Based on GO and KEGG analysis, it was observed that amino acid metabolism, lipid metabolism, polysaccharide metabolism, and energy metabolism in <em>P. clarkii</em> were altered at low temperatures. The activity of digestive enzymes in crayfish intestines also decreases with decreasing temperature. These results indicate that low temperature affects the growth of crayfish by affecting their metabolism and enzyme activity. Overall, the results will be useful to improve our understanding of the molecular mechanisms of low-temperature affecting <em>P. clarkii</em> growth.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8103,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture Reports","volume":"44 ","pages":"Article 103047"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144890565","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The use of synthesized stabilized nanoparticles of selenium as a feed additive in shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei diets: Performance, antibacterial activity, gut microbiota and immune-related genes expression","authors":"Fatma H.A. Mustafa ,&nbsp;Seham A.H. Hassan ,&nbsp;Ola A. Ashary ,&nbsp;Eman M. Abbas ,&nbsp;Janice A. Ragaza ,&nbsp;Mohamed S. Hassaan ,&nbsp;Zaki Z. Sharawy ,&nbsp;Marawan Z. Sharawy ,&nbsp;Eman H. Zaghloul","doi":"10.1016/j.aqrep.2025.103046","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aqrep.2025.103046","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The shrimp aquaculture industry faces challenges that hinder production, including pathogens and infections from bacteria-causing diseases. The present study aimed to examine the impact of dietary synthesized chitosan stabilized selenium nanoparticles (CSSeNPs) on the growth performance of gut microbiota and immune-associated genes for shrimp <em>L. vannamei</em> aquaculture. The experiments were accomplished for 12 weeks in triplicate fiberglass circular tanks (200 L). A 300 shrimp post-larvae (PL) weighing an average of 0.14 ± 0.001 g was utilized. Four experimental groups were assigned to 12 tanks. Each tank contained 25 PL. Each group fed with one of the following diets: control (C), commercial diet without CSSeNPs (Control; T1), 25 mg/kg CSSeNPs (T2), 35 mg/kg CSSeNPs (T3), and 45 mg/kg CSSeNPs (T4). The specific growth rate (SGR) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) showed improvement (<em>P</em> ≤ 0.05) in the T2 and T3 groups compared to the control group. The relative expression of all examined genes LPS/b-glucan binding protein, glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase (<em>L-GBP</em>, <em>GPX</em>, and <em>SOD</em>) were increased (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05) at T3. CSSeNPs demonstrated anti-fish pathogen efficacy against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. The <em>Enterococcus faecalis</em> bacterium displayed the highest vulnerability to inhibition. In contrast, <em>Escherichia coli</em> exhibited the lowest level of susceptibility. Moreover, a quantitative assessment of the prebiotic-like effect of CSSeNPs on shrimp gut showed increased lactic acid bacteria. Also, no <em>Vibrio</em> sp., <em>Salmonella</em> sp., <em>Shigella</em> sp., or <em>Pseudomonas</em> sp. were detected in the T3 group feed on 35 mg/Kg CSSeNPs. This work provides a new safe additive that is eco-friendly for the shrimp diet and improves growth, immunity, and disease control.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8103,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture Reports","volume":"44 ","pages":"Article 103046"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144890563","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Use of fluorescent microspheres to identify larval live food preferences of yellow domino damselfish (Dascyllus auripinnis), spinecheek clownfish (Amphiprion biaculeatus) and pigfish (Orthopristis chrysoptera)","authors":"Jonathan Simon,&nbsp;Cortney L. Ohs","doi":"10.1016/j.aqrep.2025.102934","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aqrep.2025.102934","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Successful aquaculture of marine fish is reliant on feeding live food organisms to small larvae while maximizing survival. Currently most larvae are fed live rotifers and <em>Artemia</em> nauplii, and occasionally copepod nauplii. Larvae consume various zooplankton in the wild, including copepod nauplii, ciliates, and less commonly rotifers in their initial feeding stage. Research was conducted to define the dietary preferences of early larval stages of each fish species to improve aquaculture. This study used fluorescent microspheres to mark various prey organisms and then feed them to larvae. A fluorescent microscope was used to identify prey consumed by yellow domino damsel (<em>Dascyllus auripinnis</em>) larvae at 1 and 3 days post hatch (dph), spinecheek clownfish (<em>Amphiprion biaculeatus</em>) larvae at 0 dph, and pigfish (<em>Orthopristis chrysoptera</em>) larvae at 3 dph. Rotifers (<em>Brachionus rotundiformis</em>) were the least preferred by all fish species. Copepod nauplii (<em>Parvocalanus crassirostris</em>) were favored by yellow domino damsel larvae at 3 dph, spinecheek clownfish larvae at 0 dph and pigfish larvae at 3 dph, confirming their importance as a primary feed organism. Ciliates (<em>Euplotes</em> sp.), a novel live food organism not commonly used in aquaculture, were preferred by yellow domino damsel larvae at 1 dph and 3 dph and spinecheek clownfish larvae at 0 dph, highlighting their potential as a valuable prey organism especially for larvae that cannot consume larger prey due to their small mouth gape. Variations in prey preferences by species at different developmental stages highlights the need for further research to investigate feeding novel prey organisms to enhance larval culture methods.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8103,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture Reports","volume":"44 ","pages":"Article 102934"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144890702","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of fermented Clitocybe maxima stalk waste and soybean meal mixture on growth, serum biochemistry, and gut health in juvenile Larimichthys crocea","authors":"Xi-Yue Ding ,&nbsp;Yu-Hang Hong ,&nbsp;Zi-Yan Liu ,&nbsp;Guo-He Cai ,&nbsp;Pan Wang ,&nbsp;Chuang-Zhong Zhu ,&nbsp;Kang-Le Lu ,&nbsp;Hong-Ling Yang ,&nbsp;Yun-Zhang Sun","doi":"10.1016/j.aqrep.2025.103045","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aqrep.2025.103045","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A 56-day feeding trial was carried out to compare the effects of big clitocybe (<em>Clitocybe maxima</em>) stalk waste and soybean meal (SBM) mixture fermented by microorganisms alone (BFBS) or in combination with enzymes (EBFBS) on growth performance, serum biochemistry, and gut health in large yellow croaker (<em>Larimichthys crocea</em>). Fermented ingredients (BFBS and EBFBS) were included at 10 % in the diet, replacing SBM. Large yellow croaker was randomly assigned to three groups (control, BFPS, and EBFPS) with four replicates per group. Results showed that BFBS and EBFBS improved growth performance, feed utilization, and organ-somatic indices. Dietary BFBS and EBFBS significantly elevated serum alkaline phosphatase and acid phosphatase activities, and reduced serum aspartate transaminase and alanine transferase activities, IL-1β and TGF-β1 contents, indicating systemic immune stimulation and inflammation inhibition in croakers. Dietary BFBS and EBFBS decreased serum D-lactate content and diamine oxidase activities, in parallel with the enhancements of muscle thickness, villus height, and expressions of <em>zo-1</em> and <em>claudin-11</em> mRNA. Moreover, BFBS and EBFBS moderately activated intestinal inflammation and inhibited TLRs signaling, showing up-regulation of pro-inflammatory <em>il-1β</em> and <em>il-6</em> and down-regulation of <em>tlr1</em>, <em>tlr2b</em>, and anti-inflammatory <em>il-4/13a</em>, <em>il-10</em>, and <em>tgf-β1</em>. BFBS and EBFBS increased diversities of gut microbiota; meanwhile, the enhancement of Firmicutes (only in BFBS group) and the reduction of Proteobacteria (only in BFBS group) and <em>Brevinema</em> were observed in BFBS and EBFBS groups, suggesting that fermented feedstuffs could positively shape the gut microbiota. In conclusion, BFBS and EBFBS have excellent potential in improving growth, immunity, and intestinal health of large yellow croaker (<em>L. crocea</em>). It is worth noting that EBFBS, in particular, showed superior performance in these aspects compared to BFBS, indicating that enzyme-assisted bacterial fermentation may be a more effective approach for ingredient fermentation. The work will provide a novel insight into the development of effective protein sources for aquafeeds and high-value utilization of residual wastes in the mushrooms processing chain.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8103,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture Reports","volume":"44 ","pages":"Article 103045"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144842761","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular mechanisms of Patinopecten yessoensis responding to extreme high temperature: insights into cytoskeletal dynamics and immune activation adaptation","authors":"Hongbo Lu ,&nbsp;Chuanyan Yang ,&nbsp;Dongli Jiang ,&nbsp;Qingyu Peng ,&nbsp;Xueshu Zhang ,&nbsp;Chang Liu ,&nbsp;Lingling Wang ,&nbsp;Linsheng Song","doi":"10.1016/j.aqrep.2025.103035","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aqrep.2025.103035","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Ocean warming critically threatens the survival and ecological stability of cold-water bivalves. Yet, the temporal dynamics of molecular damage and recovery following extreme high temperature stress remain poorly understood. In this study, we examined the transcriptomic and physiological responses of <em>Patinopecten yessoensis</em> in gills at 1 h after extreme high temperature treatment (30 °C, H1) and at 1, 3 and 24 h during the recovery period ( 25 °C, alternatives: R1, R3, R24). The results revealed that extreme high-temperature stress caused widespread, delayed transcriptional disruption in <em>P. yessoensis</em>, highlighting its molecular response and recovery dynamics. During the recovery stages, and the R3 stage emerged as a critical transition window during which cellular homeostasis began to be restored, and key repair pathways were reactivated. Furthermore, a sequential recovery trajectory revealed by WGCNA indicated that the recovery began with early cytoskeletal destabilization and calcium-dependent signaling (H1, Myellow module), progressed through protein quality control and endoplasmic reticulum homeostasis (R1, Mbrown module), and culminated in cell death regulation, immune signaling, and tissue remodeling (R3, Mblue module). The microtubule system was identified as a primary target of thermal disruption, showing downregulation and structural disassembly immediately after stress and recovering in R3 stage. These findings collectively suggested that <em>P. yessoensis</em> employs a multi-tiered adaptive strategy to withstand and recover from temperature-induced injury, with tightly regulated temporal coordination between cytoskeletal integrity, genomic maintenance, and programmed cell death. This study enhances our understanding in high temperature response mechanism of cold-water bivalves, and have significant implications for ecological risk assessment and selective breeding in cold-water shellfish aquaculture.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8103,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture Reports","volume":"44 ","pages":"Article 103035"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144831620","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Replacement of fish meal with a methanogen bacterial single cell protein: Effects on nutrient utilization and performance in juvenile rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)","authors":"Ivar Lund ,&nbsp;Pedro Gómez-Requeni ,&nbsp;Jørgen Holm ,&nbsp;Nana Wentzel Thorringer","doi":"10.1016/j.aqrep.2025.103042","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aqrep.2025.103042","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Nutrient utilization and performance of juvenile rainbow trout was examined by a gradual dietary replacement of fish meal (FM) with a novel methanotrophic bacterial single cell protein (BSCP) (Uniprotein®) as only dietary protein sources. Six isoproteic and isoenergetic diets included 0 %, 7.2 %, 14.5 %, 21.9 %, 29.3 %, 60.4 % of FM protein replacement with BSCP and without optimization and balancing with crystalline amino acids. Two experiments were conducted: 1) A mass balance study and 2) a six week growth performance - and amino acid (AA) digestibility study. The apparent digestibility coefficient (ADC) of crude protein (CP) significantly decreased (P ≤ 0.04) with ≥ 14.5 % of FM CP replacement. Partial protein digestibility was 86.7 % for BSCP and 93.0 % for FM with tryptophan and cysteine having the lowest AA digestibility. Crude lipid (CL) ADC was lowest at 60.4 % FM CP replacement (P ≤ 0.005). Nitrogen free extract (NFE) ADC was highest at 7.2 % CP replacement (P ≤ 0.047) and lowest at 60.4 % CP replacement (P ≤ 0.001). Total phosphorus (TP) ADC followed dietary TP content and increased by inclusion of BPM (P &lt; 0.02). Solid faeces N excretion (TAN, total ammonia nitrogen) increased with higher FM replacement, conclusive of the lower CP digestibility and utilization of BSCP. Solid P faeces excretion followed dietary content in contrast to dissolved TP, that increased by higher BSCP inclusion. Specific growth rate (SGR) was not affected (P ≥ 0.078), but a negative impact on feed conversion ratio (FCR; P &lt; 0.001) at highest replacement. No adverse gut or histopathological changes were observed. Hepatosomatic index (HSI) increased by supplementation of BSCP. Uniprotein® BSCP can replace at least 7.2 % of FM protein (32 g kg diet⁻¹).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8103,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture Reports","volume":"44 ","pages":"Article 103042"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144831619","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrative unveiling of the effects of low dietary protein levels on grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) fingerlings: Growth performance, antioxidant capacity, hepatic and intestinal function, and gut microbiota","authors":"Jinjuan Wan ,&nbsp;Xiaoyan Xu ,&nbsp;Junjie Shao ,&nbsp;Qichen Jiang ,&nbsp;Xiaolong Gu ,&nbsp;Aijun Xia ,&nbsp;Jiale Li","doi":"10.1016/j.aqrep.2025.103044","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aqrep.2025.103044","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A 60-days feeding trial was conducted to evaluate low dietary protein diets on the growth, antioxidant status, hepatic and intestinal function, and gut microbiota of grass carp fingerlings (28.07 ± 0.12) g. Following the experimental period, final body weight, weight gain and specific growth rate in the P30 and P35 groups were observed to be significantly higher than P20 and P25, while feed conversion rate was lower (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). Whole-body and hepatic crude lipid, as well as serum triglycerides and total cholesterol were down-regulated with higher protein. In addition, the P20 group suppressed the activity of intestinal lipase and serum high-density lipoprotein, while enhanced the serum low-density lipoprotein and aspartate aminotransferase (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). Further, the P20 group had poorer antioxidant capacity, whereas increasing protein also up-regulated intestinal barrier function with the higher expression of intestine tight junction protein (<em>claudin-b</em>) and lower serum LPS content, and inhibited intestinal inflammation with the lower expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines (<em>il-8</em>, <em>il-1β</em>) and higher expression of anti-inflammatory cytokines (<em>tgf-β1</em>) (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). The intestinal microbiome results demonstrated that compared with the P20 group, the P35 group significantly increased the α-diversity, the abundance of Fusobacteriota, <em>Cetobacterium</em>, <em>Enterobacter</em>, <em>Dielma</em>, <em>Epulopiscium</em>, and <em>Defluviicoccus</em>, ameliorated the structure and metabolic systems of intestinal microbiome. In summary, low protein diets (P20 and P25) adversely affected the growth and feed efficiency of grass carp fingerlings. Notably, P20 could induce hepatic lipid accumulation and further trigger oxidative stress, leading to intestinal barrier injury and inflammatory response, which were resulted in microbiome disorder.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8103,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture Reports","volume":"44 ","pages":"Article 103044"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144831623","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}