Aquaculture Reports最新文献

{"title":"Electrogenic amino acid transport in the intestine of sea bream (Sparus aurata): From functional characterization to physiological effects of Lysophospholipids in aquafeeds","authors":"Rocio Robles-Arozarena ,&nbsp;Juan Antonio Martos-Sitcha ,&nbsp;Laura Bermúdez ,&nbsp;Waldo Nuez-Ortín ,&nbsp;Juan Fuentes","doi":"10.1016/j.aqrep.2024.102539","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aqrep.2024.102539","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In response to sustainability concerns related to the origin of raw materials, aquaculture has emphasized the use of additives and enhancers to improve the intestinal absorption of proteins and amino acids. However, the tools available to have a good proxy for potential intestinal absorption and to expose positive or negative effects are scarce. The present study had a two-fold objective: we first aimed to characterize electrogenic essential amino acid transport in the intestine of the gilthead seabream <em>ex-vivo</em>. We also aimed to understand if dietary lysophospholipids (LPLs) had positive or detrimental effects when incorporated into commercial diets in gilthead seabream (<em>Sparus aurata</em>) juveniles. The <em>ex-vivo</em> characterization in Ussing chambers showed a region-dependent electrogenic amino acid transport in the sea bream intestine, being maxima in the mid intestine and with a strong luminal sodium- and pH-dependence. <em>In vivo</em>, the animals were divided into two groups: one was fed a control diet (10 % fishmeal inclusion), whereas the other group was fed with the control diet supplemented with 0.1 % LPL in coated form. The LPL-inclusion was without effects on fish growth in a short-term feeding trial, although there was a significant improvement of hepatosomatic and viscerosomatic indices. Interestingly, the intestine of fish fed the aquafeed with a 0.1 % LPL supplementation increased paracellular permeability as measured in the anterior intestine and enhanced electrogenic amino acid transport in the mid intestine. Our results strongly suggest that the full potential of LPL-inclusion benefits could be explored in sustainable diets, nearly devoid of fishmeal and/or in fish subjected to environmental stress.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8103,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture Reports","volume":"40 ","pages":"Article 102539"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142759577","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterization of infectious salmon anaemia virus survival and infectivity in seawater","authors":"Simon Chioma Weli,&nbsp;Marit Måsøy Amundsen,&nbsp;Ole Bendik Dale,&nbsp;Sonal Jayesh Patel","doi":"10.1016/j.aqrep.2024.102504","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aqrep.2024.102504","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Infectious salmon anaemia virus (ISAV) is a water-borne virus that cause infectious salmon anaemia in Atlantic salmon. Virulent ISAV primarily infects salmon and replicates within salmon, which then shed virus particles potentially infecting naïve salmon. However, spread of this pathogen from net-pen to net-pen is often remarkably slow as it may take months despite net-pens being only a few meters apart. The time period for ISAV survival and persistence in seawater under various environmental conditions is debated. We designed <em>in vitro</em> experiments to study infectivity of two Norwegian ISAV isolates, in natural non-sterile seawater (NSW). One of the ISAV isolates originates from 1990s (ISAV-Glesvær; ISAV-G), while the second was isolated in 2022 (ISAV-Hønsvikgulen; ISAV-H), representing recent outbreak. Using RT-qPCR we were able to detect the 1990s isolate for up to five days and the 2022 isolate for up to eight days in NSW. The pattern of survival and infectivity, as analyzed by RT-qPCR and cell culture assays, combined with indirect immunofluorescence antibody test (IFAT) were largely similar and repeatable. In addition, the intensity of positive IFAT staining of cells infected with the eluted spiked seawater was proportional to the viral load obtained by RT-qPCR. However, while viral RNA could be detected at high amounts in samples from day five and day eight respectively for ISAV-G and ISAV-H incubated at 15 ℃, we could not demonstrate infective particles from these samples. Survival was dependent on temperature and on initial concentrations, and our findings indicate that low initial numbers of virus particles combined with high incubation temperature reduces survival and infectivity. The data in this study are relevant for decision making regarding various ISA control measures such as cull, disinfection and fallowing, following ISAV infection and disease outbreak.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8103,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture Reports","volume":"40 ","pages":"Article 102504"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142759578","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Interactive effects of triploidy induction and culture densities on growth performance and stress, immune, and metabolic responses in juvenile rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)","authors":"Roghayeh Mahmoudi ,&nbsp;Mahdi Naderi ,&nbsp;Hakimeh Dopeikar ,&nbsp;Seyed Ali Khorasaninasab ,&nbsp;Seyed Hadi Seyedalhosseini","doi":"10.1016/j.aqrep.2024.102540","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aqrep.2024.102540","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This experiment aimed to evaluate the effects of triploidization and culture densities on the performance of rainbow trout. Juveniles (30.70 ± 1.04 g) were randomly stocked into 24 fiberglass tanks with a flow-through system. The experiment was designed with two ploidy conditions (diploid and triploid) each with 20 (40 fish/tank), 30 (59 fish/tank), 40 (79 fish/tank), and 50 (99 fish/tank) kg/m³ culture densities, a 2 × 4 factorial design. After 9 weeks, final weight, weight gain, specific growth rate, and protein efficiency ratio (PER) in fish cultured at 20, 30, and 40 kg/m³ were significantly higher and feed conversion ratio (FCR) was lower compared to those cultured at 50 kg/m³ (P &lt; 0.05). Also, at 50 kg/m³ density, FCR in triploids was significantly higher and PER was lower compared to diploids (P &lt; 0.05). Serum cortisol levels were highest and osmolality and total antioxidant capacity values were lowest in triploid fish cultured at the highest (50 kg/m³) density, indicating that triploids were affected more than diploids by chronic high density stress. Serum lysozyme and alternative complement (ACH50) activities and globulin content were significantly lower in fish cultured at 50 kg/m³ (P &lt; 0.05). Thus, rainbow trout chronically exposed to high culture density (50 kg/m³) showed signs of immunosuppression. Chronic high density stress exhibited harmful impacts on liver functions, resulting in elevated activities of serum ALT and AST enzymes (P &lt; 0.05). Also, lipid stores (cholesterol, LDL, HDL, and triglyceride) were depleted due to chronic high density stress. Overall, high density (50 kg/m³) negatively influenced fish performance, but moderate culture densities (20, 30, and 40 kg/m³) do not influence growth and stress, innate immune, and metabolic responses of fish. Thus, triploid rainbow trout juveniles can act well and be recommended to the aquaculture industry at a culture density of 40 kg/m³.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8103,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture Reports","volume":"40 ","pages":"Article 102540"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142759738","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sodium alginate ameliorates health in freshwater fish through gut-liver axis modulation under high carbohydrate diets","authors":"Wenlu Zhu ,&nbsp;Huilin Zhang ,&nbsp;Haitao Pan ,&nbsp;Hao Zeng ,&nbsp;Wenjun Wang ,&nbsp;Yunfeng Liu ,&nbsp;Zirui Wang ,&nbsp;Qiubai Zhou ,&nbsp;Chuanqi Yu","doi":"10.1016/j.aqrep.2024.102538","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aqrep.2024.102538","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>High carbohydrate (HC) diets have become a conventional approach in modern aquaculture. However, this feeding strategy frequently compromises the health of high-value economic fish species, which might ultimately impair the farmers’ final profits. Our prior research indicated that <em>Saccharina japonica</em> efficiently reduces harm from HC diets, likely due to its sodium alginate (SA) content. In this study, <em>Monopterus albus</em> were randomly grouped into treatments: a normal diet (20 % carbohydrate, NC), a high carbohydrate diet (32 % carbohydrate, HC), and high carbohydrate diets supplemented with 0.5 % SA (LA). Then our outcomes evinced that LA improves various health-related parameters, including reduction of hepatosomatic index (HSI), serum glucose, triglycerides, and aminotransferase levels, as well as the decrease in hepatic lipid droplets, glycogen, and collagen fiber content. Our transcriptomic analysis on liver tissue showed that detoxification-related differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were less active in HC group than in NC group. In contrast, DEGs linked to fatty acid synthesis increased in LA group versus HC group. A combined analysis of metagenomics and the short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) profile in the posterior intestinal digesta indicated that LA diets greatly increased concentration of acetic acid. This effect was accompanied by a concurrent reduction in the abundance of the species <em>Marinobacter guineae</em> relative to HC diets. Overall, sodium alginate has demonstrated a substantial enhancement in <em>Monopterus albus’</em> health by mitigating liver injury and ameliorating intestinal microbiota dysbiosis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8103,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture Reports","volume":"40 ","pages":"Article 102538"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142759576","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular cloning and expression dynamics of Atrogin-1 in muscle tissue of Russian sturgeon (Acipenser gueldenstaedtii) under high salt stress","authors":"Yong-Juan Mo ,&nbsp;Yi-Li Gao ,&nbsp;Shi-Jjian Xu ,&nbsp;Bin Wang ,&nbsp;Jingping Wu ,&nbsp;Peng Yu ,&nbsp;Ming Li ,&nbsp;Xiangtao Kang ,&nbsp;Zhi-Qiang Han","doi":"10.1016/j.aqrep.2024.102542","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aqrep.2024.102542","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Atrogin-1, a muscle-specific ubiquitin ligase, is integral to the regulation of protein degradation and plays a pivotal role in the targeted degradation of critical muscle signaling proteins, which can lead to skeletal muscle dysfunction. High salt stress is known to induce muscle atrophy and alter the physical and chemical properties of muscle in cultured fish. Conversely, an optimal salinity level can enhance muscle quality. The Russian sturgeon (<em>Acipenser gueldenstaedtii</em>), an anadromous species of significant economic value, is potentially adaptable to brackish water environments, yet the underlying regulatory mechanisms remain elusive. To elucidate the regulatory mechanism of Atrogin-1 in response to high salt stress in Russian sturgeon, we conducted cDNA cloning and expression analysis. The cDNA encoding the Russian sturgeon protein Atrogin-1 was successfully cloned, comprising 1472 bp and encoding 353 amino acid residues (with an open reading frame of 1062 bp). Utilizing the sequence of Russian sturgeon <em>atrogin-1</em>, we designed novel primers and a specific anti-peptide antibody for our study, confirming that <em>atrogin-1</em> is selectively expressed in skeletal muscle and heart tissues. The sturgeons were then allocated into four experimental groups for salt stress exposure; one control group was maintained in freshwater, while the others were subjected to salinities of 8 ‰, 16 ‰, and 24 ‰, respectively. Quantitative PCR (qPCR) and western blot analysis were employed to assess Atrogin-1 expression levels under high salt stress. A significant upregulation of <em>atrogin-1</em> mRNA was observed at salinities of 16 ‰ and 24 ‰ compared to the control group. Similarly, protein expression levels of Atrogin-1 were markedly elevated under the same salinity conditions. Our findings indicate that the modulation of Atrogin-1 expression is a sensitive indicator of the response to high salt stress. This research is anticipated to inform aquaculture practices and shed light on the selection of germplasm resources for the development of salt-tolerant Russian sturgeon strains.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8103,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture Reports","volume":"40 ","pages":"Article 102542"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142757501","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Arginine–NO pathway modulated energy metabolism in the hepatopancreas and muscle of female Litopenaeus vannamei","authors":"Haitao Fan ,&nbsp;Xin Zhang ,&nbsp;Yanan Yin,&nbsp;Lefei Jiao","doi":"10.1016/j.aqrep.2024.102537","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aqrep.2024.102537","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Currently, the regulational effect of arginine on the energy metabolism is unknown in broodstock shrimp nutrition. Accordingly, an eight-week feeding trial was conducted to confirm it in female <em>Litopenaeus vannamei</em>. Six diets were formulated to contain graded levels of arginine (2.90 %, 3.58 %, 4.08 %, 4.53 %, 5.04 % and 5.55 %). A total of 540 shrimp (with an initial weight of approximately 14 g) were allocated at random to six treatments, each of which consisted of three tanks with 30 shrimp each. The results showed that with the rise in the level of dietary arginine supplementation, growth performance showed an increasing trend, reaching the highest value in the 5.55 % arginine group. The gene expression of cellular energy sensor AMP-activated protein kinase was up-regulated in muscle and hepatopancreas. Dietary arginine supplementation decreased hemolymph glucose content and hepatopancreas crude lipid content, increased muscle crude lipid content, glycogen content in muscle and hepatopancreas. Dietary arginine increased muscle crude protein content, decreased hepatopancreas crude protein content and activated the target of rapamycin 1 pathway. Above results were further confirmed by gene expression. In addition, shrimp were injected with dsGFP and dsNOS for 48 h and successfully constructed the RNA interference model. The findings showed that the levels of <em>nos</em>, <em>cgmp</em>, <em>ampk</em> (<em>a</em>, <em>b</em>, <em>c</em>), genes involved in glucose metabolism, lipid metabolism and amino acid metabolism were inhibited. In the conclusion, arginine supplementation could promote growth performance through modulating energy metabolism. Arginine–NO pathway modulated energy metabolism in hepatopancreas and muscle to promote tissue glycogen synthesis, muscle protein and lipid deposition in female <em>L. vannamei</em>.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8103,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture Reports","volume":"40 ","pages":"Article 102537"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142757502","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of chicken liver meal as fish meal alternative in large yellow croaker Larimichthys crocea diet: Effects of growth performance, antioxidant capacity, intestinal health and microflora, and protein metabolism","authors":"Jianchun Shao ,&nbsp;Yujie Wang ,&nbsp;Liwen Wu ,&nbsp;Qingyin Zheng ,&nbsp;Wenbo Zhu ,&nbsp;Zhengbang Chen ,&nbsp;Dianguang Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.aqrep.2024.102536","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aqrep.2024.102536","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>An 8-week feeding trial was performed on <em>Larimichthys crocea</em> (initial body weight: 19.28 ± 1.85 g) to investigate the impact of replacing fish meal (FM) by chicken liver meal (CLM) on various aspects including growth performance, intestinal health and microflora, antioxidant capacity as well as protein metabolism. Five diets were formulated with different levels of FM replacement by CLM: 0 % (CLM0), 25 % (CLM25), 50 % (CLM50), 75 % (CLM75), and 100 % (CLM100). Results indicated that substituting 50 % of the dietary FM with CLM did not significantly affect growth performance and feed utilization. Analysis of intestinal structure revealed a considerable decrease in villus width (VW) and villus height (VH) in CLM75 and CLM100 groups. The CLM75 and CLM100 diets led to a significant decrease in the activity of amylase (AMS), lipase (LPS), catalase (CAT) as well as total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) for liver of <em>Larimichthys crocea</em>, while remarkably increasing malondialdehyde (MDA) content. 16S rRNA sequencing revealed that CLM75 and CLM100 diets resulted in increased relative abundances of Proteobacteria phylum and decreased relative abundances of Firmicutes phylum. Moreover, immunoblotting analysis demonstrated that CLM75 and CLM100 diets also caused a significant decrease in the phosphorylation level of 4E-binding protein 1 (4E-BP1) in muscle of <em>Larimichthys crocea</em>. Based on these findings, without negatively altering <em>Larimichthys crocea</em> growth and gut health, CLM can substitute up to 50 % dietary FM.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8103,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture Reports","volume":"40 ","pages":"Article 102536"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142747801","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Growth, fat metabolism and hepatic health in largemouth bass fed varying fat-level diets","authors":"Digen Qin ,&nbsp;Jiale Chen ,&nbsp;Junxiong Li ,&nbsp;Zhiyou Liu ,&nbsp;Weibin Huang ,&nbsp;Yuanzhi Yang ,&nbsp;Jing Zhang ,&nbsp;Beiping Tan ,&nbsp;Xiaohui Dong","doi":"10.1016/j.aqrep.2024.102535","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aqrep.2024.102535","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This 60-day experiment investigated the influences of growth, fat metabolism and hepatic health of largemouth bass (<em>Micropterus salmoides</em>) fed varying fat diets. 225 fish (34 ± 0.04 g) were divided into three groups and fed diets with fat levels of 10 % (Low-fat diet, LFD), 14 % (Medium-fat diet, MFD) and 18 % (High-fat diet, HFD), respectively. The results revealed that fish fed HFD exhibited significantly better protein efficiency ratio (PER) and lower feed conversion ratio (FCR) than LFD group (<em>P</em>&lt;0.05), but survival rate (SR) and weight gain rate (WGR) were unaffected (<em>P</em>&gt;0.05). Dietary fat levels significantly decreased hepatosomatic index (HSI) of fish (<em>P</em>&lt;0.05), but visceral somatic index (VSI) and condition factor (CF) were unaffected (<em>P</em>&gt;0.05). The contents of fat and ash in whole-body, and hepatic fat contents were increased with dietary fat levels (<em>P</em>&lt;0.05), the contents of moisture and crude protein in whole-body and liver exhibited no substantial variations (<em>P</em>&gt;0.05). Serum biochemical indexes and serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activity, liver glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and catalase (CAT) activities were increased significantly with rising dietary fat levels (<em>P</em>&lt;0.05), serum aspartate transaminase (AST) and liver superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities had no statistical differences (<em>P</em>&gt;0.05). The expression of <em>srebp-1</em> and <em>acc</em> in liver were down-regulated, but <em>atgl</em>, <em>aco</em> and <em>bax</em> were up-regulated with rising dietary fat contents (<em>P</em>&lt;0.05). <em>Caspase-3</em> exhibited a remarkable tendency of initially rising and then declining (<em>P</em>&lt;0.05), the expression of <em>fas</em>, <em>cpt-I</em>, <em>bcl-2</em> and the ratio of <em>bcl-2</em>/<em>bax</em> were unaffected (<em>P</em>&gt;0.05). The histology of liver indicated the size and quantity of fat droplets increased with increment of dietary fat intake. Conclusion: the dietary fat levels of 14 %-18 % could be conducive to better growth of largemouth bass in this study.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8103,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture Reports","volume":"40 ","pages":"Article 102535"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142747800","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrative transcriptomic and metabolomic reveals squalene alleviating the inflammatory response and enhancing immunity of hybrid grouper (♀ Epinephelus fuscoguttatus × ♂ E. lanceolatu)","authors":"Xiaobo Yan ,&nbsp;Simiao Pan ,&nbsp;Xiangxiang Suo ,&nbsp;Weibin Huang ,&nbsp;Tao Li ,&nbsp;Shuang Zhang ,&nbsp;Yuanzhi Yang ,&nbsp;Beiping Tan ,&nbsp;Xiaohui Dong","doi":"10.1016/j.aqrep.2024.102524","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aqrep.2024.102524","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Our previous study on plant oil substitution for fish oil found that corn oil induced inflammatory responses in grouper, while olive oil was effective in anti-inflammatory and immune enhancing. As a vital active ingredient in olive oil, squalene has been widely studied for its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Therefore, the present study was designed to use corn oil as the main lipid source to create a model of inflammation or low immunity and investigate the regulatory effect of squalene on the immunity of grouper, and to perform hepatic transcriptomic and metabolomic assays of grouper using omics technology, with the aim of providing basic data for the study of the mechanism of squalene. The results showed: squalene ingestion did not affect the growth performance of grouper (<em>P</em> &gt; 0.05) but significantly improved immunity and the resistance of grouper to <em>Vibrio harveyi</em> (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). Transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses showed that squalene activated the Wnt/β-Catenin signaling pathway and PI3K-Akt signaling pathway. Western blot results showed that squalene ingestion significantly upregulated Wnt/β-Catenin protein expression and downregulated the Axin protein expression (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). Above results demonstrated that squalene enhanced immunity and disease resistance in grouper may be related to the activation of PI3K-Akt/ Wnt/β-Catenin signaling pathway, while the activation of β-Catenin could reduce the inflammatory response by inhibiting NF-κB-mediated inflammatory factors. The findings will contribute to the application of squalene as an immune enhancer for aquaculture and medical industry.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8103,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture Reports","volume":"40 ","pages":"Article 102524"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142747799","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of caffeic acid and Bacillus coagulans supplementation on growth, digestive enzymes, immune response, and antioxidant gene expression in common carp (Cyprinus carpio) and its resistance to Aeromonas hydrophila infection","authors":"Seyedeh Shiva Alavinejad ,&nbsp;Mehdi Soltani ,&nbsp;Seyed saeed Mirzargar ,&nbsp;Poulin Shohreh ,&nbsp;Ali Taherimirghaed","doi":"10.1016/j.aqrep.2024.102515","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aqrep.2024.102515","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Present study aimed to investigate the efficacy of dietary supplementation with caffeic acid and <em>Bacillus coagulans</em> on growth performance, digestive enzymes, and immunity of common carp (<em>Cyprinus carpio</em>), and also fish resistance against <em>Aeromonas hydrophila</em>. Fish (21.0 ± 0.5 g) divided into four groups: control group (CD, commercial basal diet), caffeic acid (CA, 5 g/kg feed), <em>B. coagulans</em> (BC, 2×10⁷ CFU/g feed), and CA+BC (5 g/kg + 2×10⁷ CFU/g feed) for 8 weeks, followed by a 14-day challenge with <em>A. hydrophila</em>. A significant enhancement was obtained in growth performance of all treated groups compared to CD (P &lt; 0.05). Also, feed conversion ratio was significantly reduced in treated fish compared to CD group (P &lt; 0.05). Fish of BC and CA+BC groups revealed an increase in activity of amylase, lipase, protease, trypsin, and chymotrypsin in the intestinal tissue. In addition, amylase, lipase, protease, and trypsin in CA group exhibited a higher activity than CD (P &lt; 0.05). A lower decrease in aspartate aminotransferase and a higher increase in alkaline phosphatas were observed in BC and CA+BC groups than CD group (P &lt; 0.05). Values of total protein, total immunoglobulin, lysozyme activity, and alternative complement pathway (ACH50) were higher in sera of BC and CA+BC groups than CD (P &lt; 0.05). Additionally, expression of genes related to <em>lysozyme</em>, <em>IL-1β</em>, <em>IL-8</em>, <em>TNF-α</em>, superoxide dismutase (<em>SOD</em>), catalase (<em>CAT</em>), and glutathione peroxidase (<em>GPx</em>) in liver tissues of treatment groups were upregulated better than CD (P &lt; 0.05). Furthermore, a significant reduction in mortality was observed in treatment groups compared to CD under the <em>A. hydrophila</em> challenge. These results exhibited that including a combination of caffeic acid and <em>B. coagulans</em> as functional dietary supplements in diet favors common carp health status and growth and, thus, can be recommended in the fish diet.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8103,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture Reports","volume":"40 ","pages":"Article 102515"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142747798","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}