Aquaculture Reports最新文献

{"title":"Characterization of Elovl2/5 in abalone Haliotis discus hannai Ino","authors":"Mingli Shao ,&nbsp;Wei Chen ,&nbsp;Lina Zhu ,&nbsp;Shikai Liu ,&nbsp;Óscar Monroig ,&nbsp;Juan Carlos Navarro ,&nbsp;Chunnuan Zhao ,&nbsp;Junsong YangLi ,&nbsp;Mingzhu Li ,&nbsp;Xiaotong Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.aqrep.2025.102860","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aqrep.2025.102860","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Elongation of very long-chain fatty acids protein (Elovl) plays vital role in the biosynthesis of long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFA) in aquatic animals. However, there is very limited research on Elovl in abalone. In this study, an elongase gene encoding 303 amino acids was found to exhibit higher homology with the Elovl2/5 sequences of mollusks (60 %) than the Elovl5 of fish and mammals (about 43.30 %). Heterologous expression in yeast showed that abalone Elovl could efficiently catalyze the extension of C18:3n-3, C18:3n-6 and C18:4n-3, moderately elongate C18:2n-6, C20:4n-6 and C20:5n-3 to corresponding products. However, it has extremely weak ability to extend C20:3n-6 and C20:4n-3 and no affinity for C22 PUFA. Phylogenetic tree analysis showed that the sequence of abalone Elovl is closely related to Elovl2/5 of the cuttlefish (<em>Sepia officinalis</em>) and octopus (<em>Octopus vulgaris</em>). Tissue distribution revealed that the Elovl was highly expressed in female and male gonads, moderately in hepatopancreas, and minimally in other tested tissues. The expression levels of Elovl in hepatopancreas of abalone fed 50 % FO and 75 % FO diets were significantly higher than that in the 100 % FO control group. And no significant differences were found in the expressions of 0 % FO, 25 % FO and control groups. The EPA in 75 % FO group is significantly higher than those of other groups. This study provides the first systematic characterization of the dual substrate specificity of Elovl in abalone, bridging a critical knowledge gap in the evolutionary and functional investigation of elongases within gastropods.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8103,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture Reports","volume":"43 ","pages":"Article 102860"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144115324","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Replacing fishmeal with fermented soybean meal in the diets of tiger puffer (Takifugu rubripes): Effects on growth performance, antioxidant and immunity capacity and flesh quality based on metabolomics","authors":"Zhen Xu ,&nbsp;Xiaoying Xu ,&nbsp;Weidong Li ,&nbsp;Chenghui Li ,&nbsp;Chengbin Wu ,&nbsp;Hang Yang ,&nbsp;Haien Zhang ,&nbsp;Chuanjiang Niu","doi":"10.1016/j.aqrep.2025.102871","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aqrep.2025.102871","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigated the effects of partially substituting fishmeal (FM) with fermented soybean meal (FSM) on the growth performance, liver and serum biochemical, flesh quality and metabolomics of tiger puffer (<em>Takifugu rubripes</em>). Five diets with FSM supplementation to replace 0 (control, FM), 15 % (FSM15), 30 % (FSM30), 45 % (FSM45) and 60 % (FSM60) FM were used to feed tiger puffer (39.6 ± 0.2 g) for 60 days. The results indicated that FSM could effectively replace up to 30 % of FM in diets without adverse impacts on weight gain (WG) and feed conversion ratio (FCR). In contrast, WG declined by 17.7 % and 33.6 %, and FCR increased by 0.22 and 0.55 in the FSM45 and FSM60 groups, respectively (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). Compared to FM group, the contents of total fatty acids (TFA), C16:0, C22:6, total amino acids (TAA), Val, Ile and the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) in flesh were significantly decreased, while the contents of collagen in flesh and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) in serum were significantly increased in FSM60 group (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). In addition, FSM45 and FSM60 groups exhibited significantly higher the contents of total free amino acid (TFAA), flavor amino acid (FAA), Glu, Gly and Cys in flesh and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) in serum and lower liver cholesterol (CHO) levels compared to FM group (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). 157 and 190 named metabolites were identified in FSM30 and FSM60 groups, respectively, compared to the control, and these metabolites were primarily involved in “lipid metabolism” and “amino acid metabolism”. In summary, in a diet containing 450 g/kg FM, FSM could replace FM up to 30 % without compromising the growth, serum and liver biochemical, flesh amino acids and fatty acids of tiger puffer. The optimum replacement level of FM with FSM was 31.79–32.48 % by broken-line based on WG and FCR.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8103,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture Reports","volume":"43 ","pages":"Article 102871"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144106236","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Combined effects of prolonged temperature and hypoxia stress on growth, metabolism and physiological status of yellow catfish (Pelteobagrus fulvidraco)","authors":"Jie Wang ,&nbsp;Liang Li ,&nbsp;Shasha Zhao ,&nbsp;Man Wang ,&nbsp;Bo Li ,&nbsp;Hongxi Guo ,&nbsp;Dong Han ,&nbsp;Xiaoming Zhu ,&nbsp;Lei Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.aqrep.2025.102884","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aqrep.2025.102884","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Temperature and dissolved oxygen concentration are critical to fish. This study analyzed the effects of prolonged temperature and dissolved oxygen stress on growth metabolism, oxidative stress, immunity, and apoptosis in yellow catfish (<em>Pelteobagrus fulvidraco</em>). To this end, yellow catfish were continuously exposed to three temperatures (15, 26, and 32 °C) and two dissolved oxygen concentrations (2.5 and 6.5 mg/L) for 28 days. Notably, unsuitable temperatures and hypoxic exposure significantly decreased growth parameters (final body weight, weight gain, and specific growth rate), decreased survival rate, and significantly decreased crude protein and crude lipid in muscle (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.05). Further, the serum glucose content was reduced, lactate dehydrogenase activity and lactic acid content were increased, and the activities of key glycolysis enzymes (hexokinase, pyruvate kinase, and phosphofructokinase) were significantly elevated (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.05). Notably, prolonged temperature and dissolved oxygen stress triggered oxidative stress in yellow catfish, as evidenced by a significant increase in malondialdehyde content in serum and gills (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.05), elevated levels of antioxidant enzyme activity and expression (superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase), and damaged gills and head kidney tissues. In addition, the expression of immuno-inflammatory factors and apoptotic genes (<em>c3-like</em>, <em>tnfaip2</em>, <em>il-1β</em>, <em>caspase-3</em> and <em>caspase-9</em>) was significantly increased <em>(p</em> &lt; 0.05) in the head kidney of the yellow catfish. Our findings showed that combined long-term temperature and dissolved oxygen stress have complex effects on fish, with the growth performance of yellow catfish at 32 °C more susceptible to hypoxia stress than at 15 °C. Collectively, these findings elucidate the response mechanism of fish to long-term temperature and dissolved oxygen stress and provide a theoretical resource to guide the healthy aquaculture of aquatic products.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8103,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture Reports","volume":"43 ","pages":"Article 102884"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144106238","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of dietary sorghum inclusion on growth performance, liver function, antioxidant capacity and flesh quality in grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella)","authors":"Xuehan Wang ,&nbsp;Xiangqin Lin ,&nbsp;Huajing Huang ,&nbsp;Wen Jiang ,&nbsp;Haifeng Mi ,&nbsp;Lu Zhang ,&nbsp;Junming Deng","doi":"10.1016/j.aqrep.2025.102886","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aqrep.2025.102886","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In recent years, the issue of food security has gained significant importance. The development and use of non-grain feed ingredients, such as sorghum, plays a vital role in reducing competition for food between humans and animals while conserving food resources. This study aimed to investigate the effects of dietary sorghum inclusion on the growth performance, liver function, antioxidant capacity and fillet quality of grass carp (<em>Ctenopharyngodon idella</em>). Six isonitrogenous and isolipidic experimental diets were formulated, incorporating wheat flour/rice bran and sorghum as carbohydrate sources, with varying levels of sorghum (0 %, 4 %, 8 %, 12 %, 16 %, and 20 %). Each diet was administered to three separate cages, each containing 35 fish (7.10 ± 0.01 g) for 10 weeks. The results indicated that dietary sorghum inclusion did not significantly affect the growth performance and body index of grass carp. Furthermore, the activities of liver function-related enzymes (aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase) in grass carp remained unchanged with dietary sorghum inclusion. However, dietary inclusion of 16 % sorghum enhanced the activities of antioxidant-related enzymes (superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase) and glycolysis-related enzymes (phosphofructokinase) in grass carp, as well as the expression level of <em>pk</em>. Notably, this inclusion level also improved the flesh quality by enhancing the nutritional value and textural properties of fish fillet. Overall, the appropriate dietary inclusion of sorghum is feasible for grass carp, with the levels of up to 20 % not compromising growth and health, while the optimal effects, including enhanced antioxidant capacity and improved flesh quality, were observed at 16 % inclusion level.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8103,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture Reports","volume":"43 ","pages":"Article 102886"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144106240","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The fate of carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus in freshwater polyculture mesocosms using both nutrient-balance and stable-isotope assessment","authors":"Sarah Nahon ,&nbsp;Christophe Jaeger ,&nbsp;Christophe Menniti ,&nbsp;Philippe Kerherve ,&nbsp;Marc Roucaute ,&nbsp;Joel Aubin","doi":"10.1016/j.aqrep.2025.102865","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aqrep.2025.102865","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Freshwater polyculture can increase nutrient use by rearing species from different trophic levels. The aim of this study was to quantify nutrient balances and determine the food sources of fish using nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) nutrient balances and carbon (δ¹³C) and N (δ¹⁵N) stable isotopes. The contributions of food sources to fish diets were estimated using stable-isotope mixing models. Three treatments were compared in mesocosms: fish-only (F treatment: common carp, roach and largemouth bass), fish-macrophyte (FM treatment) and macrophyte-only (M treatment). Fish were fed with commercial pellets. The results showed that adding macrophytes to the fish did not improve water quality. Chlorophyll-<em>a</em> concentration in F and FM treatments was significantly higher than that in treatment M (8.1, 8.3 and 0.6 µg l⁻¹, respectively). Regardless of the treatment, sediment contained most of the total N and P at harvest (93.5 and 89.7 %, respectively). Carp, roach and bass had a similar specific growth rate in F and FM treatments (1.19, 0.36, 0.94 % day⁻¹, respectively). Carp consumed 90 % commercial feed and 8 % macrobenthic invertebrates, while roach consumed 50 % commercial feed and supplemented their diet with macrophytes (15 %), macrobenthic invertebrates (12 %) and large zooplankton (11 %). Juvenile roach and bass had higher δ¹⁵N values than carp and roach did (12.31, 14.55, 7.54, 10.44 ‰, respectively). Bass consumed mainly juvenile roach (59 %), followed by macrobenthic invertebrates (25 %). Combining the nutrient balances and stable isotopes showed that sediment was the main nutrient pool, but that organisms in the mesocosms consumed little sediment organic matter.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8103,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture Reports","volume":"43 ","pages":"Article 102865"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144106239","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fish farming for diversifying cocoa production in Côte d’Ivoire: Typology of practices","authors":"Antoine K. Kouadio ,&nbsp;Elodie Pepey ,&nbsp;Lucas Fertin ,&nbsp;Henri-Joel K. Niamien ,&nbsp;Seri Brou ,&nbsp;Charles K. Boussou ,&nbsp;Simon Pouil","doi":"10.1016/j.aqrep.2025.102866","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aqrep.2025.102866","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Fish farming in Côte d’Ivoire has been promoted as a diversification strategy for cocoa producers, yet the sector exhibits significant heterogeneity in farming practices, which remains poorly documented. This study aimed to classify fish farming systems and identify key determinants of their performance. Surveys were conducted with 45 farmers across three cocoa-producing regions - Bédiala, Méagui, and Sinfra - and data were analyzed using Factor Analysis of Mixed Data (FAMD) and clustering analysis, leading to the identification of three distinct farm types. Type 1 farms, found in Bédiala, have the largest production areas (median: 2.9 ha) and predominantly practice polyculture of Nile tilapia (<em>Oreochromis niloticus</em>), bony tongue (<em>Heterotis niloticus</em>), and catfish (<em>Clarias</em> spp.), often integrated with rice farming. Type 2 farms, found in Sinfra, employ the most intensive practices, characterized by the use of monosex tilapia fingerlings and reproductive control via banded jewelfish (<em>Hemichromis fasciatus</em>), resulting in the highest yields (median: 1033 kg ha⁻¹ yr⁻¹). Type 3 farms, found in Méagui and Sinfra, are the least productive (median: 450 kg ha⁻¹ yr⁻¹), constrained by longer production cycles and limited technological adoption. These findings reveal significant regional disparities in fish farming practices and productivity, underscoring the need for tailored policy interventions. Strategies should focus on promoting improved production techniques in low-yielding systems while supporting sustainable intensification in more advanced farms to enhance the sector’s contribution to rural livelihoods and food security.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8103,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture Reports","volume":"43 ","pages":"Article 102866"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144106237","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transcriptomics reveals creatine regulation of ovarian development at low temperature in Chinese soft-shelled turtles (Pelodiscus sinensis)","authors":"Guoyin Zhang ,&nbsp;Xi He ,&nbsp;Yulong Li ,&nbsp;Jiazhen Wu ,&nbsp;Guoying Qian ,&nbsp;Zhongfa Chen ,&nbsp;Caiyan Li ,&nbsp;Wei Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.aqrep.2025.102867","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aqrep.2025.102867","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Some economically important animals hibernate; however, their energy regulation during low-temperature fasting remain poorly understood. To investigate ovarian development in Chinese soft-shelled turtles (<em>Pelodiscus sinensis</em>) under low-temperature conditions, premature turtles were treated with creatine at concentrations of 50–400 mg/kg body weight. Ovarian follicle development, creatine kinase (CK) expression, and liver transcriptomics were analyzed. After 8 weeks of creatine treatment, ovarian follicle diameters and yolk granule accumulation increased significantly (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05), CK expression was significantly upregulated (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05), and ovarian lactic acid levels decreased significantly (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). Transcriptome analysis identified 4355 differentially expressed genes in the liver. Creatine treatment significantly increased the expression of <em>VTG</em>, <em>LEPR</em>, <em>LHR</em>, <em>FSHR</em>, and <em>CK-B</em> genes, and genes in the adipocytokine signaling, oxidative phosphorylation, gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) signaling, and peroxisome proliferator–activated receptor signaling pathways were significantly upregulated. Creatine administration also enhanced leptin secretion from adipocytes, promoting ovarian development via the GnRH signaling pathway. This study provides a foundation for understanding energy metabolism in <em>P. sinensis</em>, offering insights to improve energy management and reproductive potential in hibernating animals under low-temperature conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8103,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture Reports","volume":"43 ","pages":"Article 102867"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144090122","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimization strategy for all-male Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) production using hormonal complex-microencapsulated feed under different rearing conditions","authors":"Natthapong Paankhao ,&nbsp;Noratat Prachom ,&nbsp;Chak Aranyakanont ,&nbsp;Wirawan Nuchchanart ,&nbsp;Attawit Kovitvadhi ,&nbsp;Chayanit Soontara ,&nbsp;Suwinai Paankhao ,&nbsp;Kittipong Promsee ,&nbsp;Sahat Ratmuangkhwang ,&nbsp;Chanoknan Sintuprom ,&nbsp;Mongkhon Jaroenkittaweewong ,&nbsp;Akkarasiri Sangsawang","doi":"10.1016/j.aqrep.2025.102874","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aqrep.2025.102874","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Optimization strategies were investigated for the production of all-male tilapia (<em>Oreochromis niloticus</em>) fry using a hormone-microencapsulated prototype under different rearing conditions. The factorial design experiment (2 × 2 × 4) used a completely randomized design (CRD) with three factors: two experimental diets (fish meal mixed with rice bran and a complex microcapsule formula); the period of feeding containing the hormone 17α-methyltestosterone (MT) using two periods (14 and 21 days); and the MT hormone concentration at four levels in the mixed diet (0, 10, 30, or 60 mg/kg feed). The experiment had three replicates, with tilapia reared in tanks or reared in hapas nets for a period of 28 days. The results showed that all three factors combined influenced the survival rate of fish fry. The fry fed with both formulas mixed with hormones at concentrations of 10, 30, and 60 mg/kg for 14 and 21 days consisted of more than 95 % males and had the highest mean ± standard deviation survival rate (93.8 ± 5.02 %). The hormone treatment period did not affect the proportion of sex reversion in Nile tilapia fry, while the MT concentration level did affect the sex reversion in Nile tilapia fry to male. The fry reared on the complex-microcapsules feed had better growth than the fry fed the control formula in both tanks and hapas nets. The hormone dose and treatment period significantly affected the relative expression of the <em>cyp19a1a</em> or <em>dmrt1</em> genes of the fry reared in fiber tanks for 28 days (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). Therefore, a feed formula for rearing tilapia larvae at the weaning stage based on the prototype complex hormone-microcapsule feed could be used in place of fish meal to improve the production efficiency of all-male tilapia and reduce the amounts of hormones used in the feed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8103,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture Reports","volume":"43 ","pages":"Article 102874"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144090038","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Periplaneta americana powder instead of fishmeal on growth performance, antioxidant capacity and intestinal microbiota in Southern catfish (Silurus meridionalis)","authors":"You-Xing Xu ,&nbsp;Xiao-Yan Wang ,&nbsp;Huan-Chong Gu ,&nbsp;Jing-Bao Yang ,&nbsp;Jing Diao ,&nbsp;Ze-Sheng Zhang ,&nbsp;Meng-Meng Huang ,&nbsp;Hui Fei ,&nbsp;Shun Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.aqrep.2025.102895","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aqrep.2025.102895","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>American cockroach (<em>Periplaneta americana</em>) is rich in high protein and various active ingredients, and its powder is a high-quality source of protein. In present study, four isonitrogenous and isolipidic diets replacing 0 %, 10 %, 20 %, and 30 % fish meal with <em>P. americana</em> powder (PAP) were formulated for a 56-day feeding trial with southern catfish (<em>Silurus meridionalis</em>). Our findings revealed that 10 % PAP substitution significantly enhanced growth performance (WGR: 404.07 ± 22.02, <em>p</em> &lt; 0.05), improved feed efficiency (FCR: 1.02 ± 0.003, <em>p</em> &lt; 0.05), boosted antioxidant capacity (elevated SOD activity and reduced MDA levels, <em>p</em> &lt; 0.05), and reduced liver injuries. However, higher substitution ratios impaired growth, antioxidant capacity, and caused tissue injuries in liver and intestine. 16S rDNA sequencing revealed that 10 % PAP increased intestinal abundance of anaerobic bacteria (Bacteroidaceae, Barnesiellaceae, Fusobacteriaceae, and Peptostreptococcaceae), which may be associated with adaptive responses to PAP utilization. These findings indicate that 10 % PAP optimally replaces fish meal in southern catfish diets, with anaerobic fermentation potentially playing a key role in PAP utilization.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8103,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture Reports","volume":"43 ","pages":"Article 102895"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144090123","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of exogenous protease supplementation on growth performance, liver health, immunity and intestinal microbiota of grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella)","authors":"Tingyao Zhu ,&nbsp;Lihui Sun ,&nbsp;Qian Li ,&nbsp;Jianhu Jiang ,&nbsp;Haiqi Zhang ,&nbsp;Zhangying Ye ,&nbsp;Jianming Chen ,&nbsp;Jianlin Guo","doi":"10.1016/j.aqrep.2025.102878","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aqrep.2025.102878","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study aims to investigate the effects of dietary supplementation with protease on the growth performance, liver health, immunity, and intestinal microbiota of grass carp. Three levels of protease, 0 U/kg (P0), 6000 U/kg (P6000) and 12,000 U/kg (P12000), were formulated into diets using post-spray technology. After 9 weeks of feeding, the P6000 group had a higher weight gain rate than the P0 group, with both P6000 and P12000 groups exhibiting higher protein retention ratio and lower feed conversion ratio compared to P0. As protease levels increased, crude protein content and intestinal protease activity increased, while alkaline phosphatase (ALP) content decreased. Concurrently, the P6000 group showed higher aspartate transaminase (AST) and triglyceride (TG) levels but lower amylase content compared to P0. In terms of immune indicators, the expression levels of <em>Intelectin</em> and <em>MHC-II β</em> in the P6000 and P12000 groups were significantly lower than in P0, and <em>IgM</em> expression gradually increased with increasing protease levels. After challenge with <em>Aeromonas veronii</em>, the P12000 group showed higher survival rate. The histological results indicated that the intestinal villi length in the P6000 group was notably longer than in other groups. The intestinal microbiota analysis revealed that with increasing protease levels, Fusobacteriota abundance decreased and Actinobacteriota and Cyanobacteria abundance increased at the phylum level, while <em>Aeromonas</em> relative abundance decreased at the genus level. Overall, 6000 U/kg protease boosts grass carp growth and nutrient retention maximally, while 12,000 U/kg protease increases survival but may increase liver metabolic burden. Given these outcomes, the optimal protease inclusion level for grass carp aquaculture is approximately 6000 U/kg.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8103,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture Reports","volume":"43 ","pages":"Article 102878"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144106235","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}