Effect of different nutrient sources on the growth, disease resistance, and intestinal health of Exopalaemon carinicauda infected by Enterocytozoon hepatopenaei

IF 3.7 2区农林科学 Q1 FISHERIES

Aquaculture Reports Pub Date : 2025-09-27 DOI:10.1016/j.aqrep.2025.103119

Mingyan Liu , Jiahan Yu , Sichen Zhang , Jinyang Sun , Junjie Qi , Yang Zhang , Cheng Yang , Fei Yu , Jianxin Zhang , Jin Xu , Binlun Yan , Huan Gao

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Abstract

The ridgetail white shrimp, Exopalaemon carinicauda, is an economically important mariculture crustacean species in China. Nevertheless, during cultivation, it is often infected with Enterocytozoon hepatopenaei (EHP). Aiming to alleviate the disordered host nutritional metabolism and the reduced immune defense caused by E. hepatopenaei infection, in this study, we formulated and evaluated feeds with three protein levels (30 %, 40 %, and 50 %) and live feed (Artemia, Daphnia, and Hermetia illucens).1）The baits from the different nutrient sources were systematically analyzed for their effects on the growth performance of E. hepatopenaei, and the intestinal tissue structure and microbiota of E. carinicauda infected with E. hepatopenaei. The results showed that: (1) At 28 days after EHP infection, the ridgetail white prawn (Exopalaemon carinicauda) in the 50 % protein group achieved the maximum weight gain rate (WGR) and specific growth rate (SGR), along with the lowest feed conversion ratio (FCR) (WGR: 30.93 %, SGR: 0.96 %/d, FCR: 4.13). Among the biological baits, Daphnia yielded the highest WGR and SGR, as well as the lowest FCR (WGR: 29.27 %, SGR: 0.92 %/d, FCR: 5.58). (2) The loading of E. hepatopenaei in each group showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing with a prolongation of infection time, indicating that each group had a certain inhibitory effect on the E. hepatopenaei load, and Daphnia had the greatest inhibitory effect. (3) Analysis of the intestinal microbiota showed that the 50 % protein group and the Daphnia group were mainly comprised of beneficial bacteria (e.g., Acinetobacter and Cupriavidus genera), and their functions were enriched in disease-resistant-related pathways such as vitamin synthesis and selenium metabolism. Among them, 50 % of the protein group and the Daphnia group exhibited the highest intestinal villi height, along with a favorable muscular layer thickness. The mechanism by which baits from different nutrient sources regulate E. hepatopenaei infection was demonstrated to be through the “nutrition-immunity-microbiota” axis. Overall, the 50 % protein feed and Daphnia bait were found to significantly improve the growth performance of infected shrimp, inhibit the E. hepatopenaei load, and improve the intestinal microecology, suggesting their potential use as functional baits against E. hepatopenaei infection. These results also provide a theoretical basis for the prevention and control of E. hepatopenaei diseases and the development of other functional baits in aquaculture.

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不同营养来源对感染肝芽胞虫的河蟹生长、抗病性和肠道健康的影响

脊尾白对虾（Exopalaemon carinicauda）是中国重要的海水养殖甲壳类动物。然而，在培养过程中，它经常感染肝原肠胞虫（EHP）。为了缓解肝芽孢杆菌感染引起的宿主营养代谢紊乱和免疫防御能力下降，本研究配制了三种蛋白质水平（30 %、40 %和50 %）的饲料和活饲料（蒿、水蚤和黑耳草），并对其进行了评价。1)系统分析了不同营养来源饵料对肝芽胞杆菌生长性能的影响，以及感染肝芽胞杆菌的肉鸡肠组织结构和肠道菌群的影响。结果表明：(1)感染EHP后28 d，蛋白质含量为50% %组的白对虾增重率和特定生长率最高，饲料系数最低（WGR: 30.93 %,SGR: 0.96 %/d, FCR: 4.13）。水蚤的增重比和增重比最高，增重比最低（29.27 % /d, 0.92 %/d，增重比5.58）。(2)各组肝原芽胞杆菌载量随感染时间的延长均呈现先升高后降低的趋势，说明各组对肝原芽胞杆菌载量均有一定的抑制作用，其中水蚤的抑制作用最大。(3)肠道菌群分析表明，50% %蛋白质组和水蚤组主要由有益菌（如不动杆菌属和铜菌属）组成，其功能在维生素合成和硒代谢等抗病相关途径中富集。其中，50% %蛋白质组和水蚤组的肠绒毛高度最高，肌肉层厚度也较好。来自不同营养来源的饵料调节肝芽胞杆菌感染的机制被证明是通过“营养-免疫-微生物群”轴。综上所示，50% %蛋白质饲料和水蚤饵料可显著提高感染对虾的生长性能，抑制肝芽胞杆菌载量，改善肠道微生态，具有作为抗肝芽胞杆菌感染的功能性饵料的潜力。这些结果也为养殖中肝芽胞杆菌疾病的预防和控制以及其他功能饵料的开发提供了理论依据。

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来源期刊

Aquaculture Reports Agricultural and Biological Sciences-Animal Science and Zoology

CiteScore

5.90

自引率

8.10%

发文量

469

审稿时长

77 days

期刊介绍： Aquaculture Reports will publish original research papers and reviews documenting outstanding science with a regional context and focus, answering the need for high quality information on novel species, systems and regions in emerging areas of aquaculture research and development, such as integrated multi-trophic aquaculture, urban aquaculture, ornamental, unfed aquaculture, offshore aquaculture and others. Papers having industry research as priority and encompassing product development research or current industry practice are encouraged.