{"title":"Using invasive weed (Bidens pilosa L.) as a feed supplement to promote Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) health","authors":"Nantaporn Sutthi , Eakapol Wangkahart , Wipavee Thaimuangphol , Prasoborn Rinthong , Laorsri Sanoamuang","doi":"10.1016/j.aqrep.2025.102967","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Bidens pilosa</em> is a widespread invasive species typically regarded as a weed with no economic value. Repurposing this plant as a functional feed ingredient presents a sustainable, cost-effective approach for aquaculture. This study evaluated the effects of adding dietary <em>B. pilosa</em> leaf ethanol extract on growth performance, immune responses, gene expression, and disease resistance in Nile tilapia. Experimental diets supplemented a basal feed with <em>B. pilosa</em> extract at 2.5 g/kg (T2), 5.0 g/kg (T3), and 10.0 g/kg (T4); the control group (T1) received no supplementation. After a 60-day feeding trial, fish in the T2 exhibited significantly higher weight gain, daily growth rate, and an improved feed conversion ratio (FCR) compared with the control group (<em>P</em> < 0.05). Additionally, the T2 group had the highest fillet yield and the lowest carcass yield (<em>P</em> < 0.05). Biochemical analyses revealed that the highest extract level (T4) induced oxidative stress and immune dysregulation, including both immune suppression and potential ineffective immunity, evidenced by elevated aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, alongside decreased lysozyme activity (LZM), myeloperoxidase (MPO), red blood cell (RBC) count, and hemoglobin (Hb) concentration (<em>P</em> < 0.05). In contrast, the T2 group exhibited the highest post-challenge survival (53.33 ± 15.27 %) against <em>Streptococcus agalactiae</em> and upregulated growth hormone (GH) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) gene expression (<em>P</em> < 0.05). Quadratic regression analysis estimated the optimal inclusion level at 4.29–4.58 g/kg. These findings demonstrate that supplementation at 2.5 g/kg enhances growth, immune competence, and disease resistance in Nile tilapia, whereas excessive inclusion (10 g/kg) may provoke oxidative stress, dual immune suppression, and inflammatory toxicity, underscoring the importance of precise dosage optimization for sustainable aquaculture.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8103,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture Reports","volume":"43 ","pages":"Article 102967"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2000,"publicationDate":"2025-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Aquaculture Reports","FirstCategoryId":"97","ListUrlMain":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352513425003539","RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"FISHERIES","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
Bidens pilosa is a widespread invasive species typically regarded as a weed with no economic value. Repurposing this plant as a functional feed ingredient presents a sustainable, cost-effective approach for aquaculture. This study evaluated the effects of adding dietary B. pilosa leaf ethanol extract on growth performance, immune responses, gene expression, and disease resistance in Nile tilapia. Experimental diets supplemented a basal feed with B. pilosa extract at 2.5 g/kg (T2), 5.0 g/kg (T3), and 10.0 g/kg (T4); the control group (T1) received no supplementation. After a 60-day feeding trial, fish in the T2 exhibited significantly higher weight gain, daily growth rate, and an improved feed conversion ratio (FCR) compared with the control group (P < 0.05). Additionally, the T2 group had the highest fillet yield and the lowest carcass yield (P < 0.05). Biochemical analyses revealed that the highest extract level (T4) induced oxidative stress and immune dysregulation, including both immune suppression and potential ineffective immunity, evidenced by elevated aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, alongside decreased lysozyme activity (LZM), myeloperoxidase (MPO), red blood cell (RBC) count, and hemoglobin (Hb) concentration (P < 0.05). In contrast, the T2 group exhibited the highest post-challenge survival (53.33 ± 15.27 %) against Streptococcus agalactiae and upregulated growth hormone (GH) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) gene expression (P < 0.05). Quadratic regression analysis estimated the optimal inclusion level at 4.29–4.58 g/kg. These findings demonstrate that supplementation at 2.5 g/kg enhances growth, immune competence, and disease resistance in Nile tilapia, whereas excessive inclusion (10 g/kg) may provoke oxidative stress, dual immune suppression, and inflammatory toxicity, underscoring the importance of precise dosage optimization for sustainable aquaculture.
Aquaculture ReportsAgricultural and Biological Sciences-Animal Science and Zoology
CiteScore
5.90
自引率
8.10%
发文量
469
审稿时长
77 days
期刊介绍:
Aquaculture Reports will publish original research papers and reviews documenting outstanding science with a regional context and focus, answering the need for high quality information on novel species, systems and regions in emerging areas of aquaculture research and development, such as integrated multi-trophic aquaculture, urban aquaculture, ornamental, unfed aquaculture, offshore aquaculture and others. Papers having industry research as priority and encompassing product development research or current industry practice are encouraged.