Applied Soil Ecology最新文献

{"title":"Earthworms mitigate the straw-induced microbial resource limitation and increase microbial carbon use efficiency in the no-tillage system","authors":"Yalin Li,&nbsp;Jiao Yan,&nbsp;Yizhong Lv,&nbsp;Baoguo Li,&nbsp;Hu Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.apsoil.2025.106261","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apsoil.2025.106261","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>No-tillage with straw return is an effective strategy for improving soil quality and fostering earthworm community. Straw return could increase soil microbial resource limitations, which strongly change the processes of microbial metabolism and subsequently nutrient cycling in agroecosystems. However, the soil microbial resource limitations in response to increased earthworm community remain unclear. A microcosm experiment was conducted to quantify how earthworms regulate the effect of straw addition on microbial resource limitations and subsequent impact on microbial carbon use efficiency (CUE). Results showed that straw return enhanced microbial nitrogen (N) limitation, but this enhancement was mitigated by earthworms, primarily due to increased nutrients availability. Earthworms with straw addition significantly enhanced microbial CUE, primarily attributed to the increased nutrients availability and reduced microbial resource limitations. Overall, our results revealed that earthworms decreased straw-induced microbial N limitation and increased microbial CUE, emphasizing the importance of earthworms in balancing soil microbial resource limitations and C sequestration in the no-tillage agricultural system.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8099,"journal":{"name":"Applied Soil Ecology","volume":"213 ","pages":"Article 106261"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144312509","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Organic management improves soil multifunctionality by enhancing soil quality and enriching key microbes in tea plantation","authors":"Taobing Yu ,&nbsp;Yongkang Wen ,&nbsp;Qing Zhang ,&nbsp;Jida Yang ,&nbsp;Huadong Zang ,&nbsp;Zhaohai Zeng ,&nbsp;Yadong Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.apsoil.2025.106260","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apsoil.2025.106260","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Intensive fertilization leads to soil acidification and nutrient imbalance in tea plantations. Organic management can improve soil structure, promote soil microbial activity and metabolism, and conducive to sustainable development of tea cultivation. However, our understanding of how long-term organic management affects soil quality index (SQI), soil multifunctionality (SMF), and microbial composition in tea plantations at different soil layers remains limited. Here, the enzyme activities, microbial communities, SQI and SMF in the topsoil (0–20 cm) and subsoil (20–40 cm) of tea plantations with conventional (CM) and organic (OM) managements for 20 years history were investigated. Results showed that compared to CM, OM significantly increased soil total nutrients, available nutrients, and enzyme activities (especially in the topsoil) in three tea plantations. In addition, OM increased SQI and SMF by 14.0 %–41.3 % and 143.6 %–262.9 % in the topsoil and 12.2 %–22.2 % and 37.2 %–63.2 % in the subsoil, respectively. OM significantly increased relative abundance of key bacteria and fungi involved in nutrient cycling, including <em>Sphingomonas</em>, <em>Pseudomonas</em>, <em>Devosia</em>, <em>Nocardioides</em> and <em>Oidiodendron</em>. Structural equation model analysis found that OM improved SMF by driving key bacteria and fungi species induced by higher total and available nutrients and enhancing SQI in the topsoil, while improved SMF only by driving key bacteria species and enhancing SQI in the subsoil. Overall, our results highlight that organic management can improve SMF by enhancing SQI and enriching key microbial species in tea plantation soils, and these findings provide new perspective for adjustment of agricultural managements in tea plantation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8099,"journal":{"name":"Applied Soil Ecology","volume":"213 ","pages":"Article 106260"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144307181","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Interspecific dance: how bacteria, fungi, and plants interact to survive in polluted soils","authors":"Agata Kumor,&nbsp;Julia Borówka,&nbsp;Magdalena Noszczyńska","doi":"10.1016/j.apsoil.2025.106238","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apsoil.2025.106238","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The soil is a complex, dynamic habitat for the growth and activities of bacteria, fungi, and plants. These organisms continuously interact with each other, forming a meta-organism. Interactions within these meta-organisms are crucial for ecological balance, contributing to soil fertility and plant health. Their complexity is an exciting area of research that has shown steady progress in the last decade. Advances in the field have demonstrated that synergistic and mutualistic interactions - among different bacteria, between bacteria and fungi, and between plants and microbes - act as biocatalysts, facilitating the elimination of organic and inorganic pollutants from the soil. Interactions between microorganisms driven by the synergistic metabolic processes of bacteria and fungi significantly improve the removal of these compounds, while plant-microbe interactions modify rhizosphere parameters, leading to increased microbial activity and more efficient removal of recalcitrant contaminants. Additionally, bacterial and fungal plant growth-promoting mechanisms can be utilized to improve the efficiency of phytoremediation of pollutants from the soil. This review discusses recent advances in understanding the importance of multifaceted crosstalk among bacteria, fungi, and plants in polluted soil. This study is valuable as it focuses on the interplay between organisms under stressful conditions, which significantly alters their relationships compared to uncontaminated soils. Here, we review interactions - including recently discovered ones - and the associated new insights into bacteria, fungi, and plant interactions. A better understanding of beneficial interactions between bacteria, fungi, and plants is crucial for improving bioremediation techniques.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8099,"journal":{"name":"Applied Soil Ecology","volume":"213 ","pages":"Article 106238"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144307192","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The interplay between plant communities and soil properties response to litter manipulation shape soil bacterial community composition in an alpine meadow","authors":"Zhouwen Ma ,&nbsp;Lan Li ,&nbsp;Yingxin Wang ,&nbsp;Qingping Zhou ,&nbsp;Xinquan Zhang ,&nbsp;Fujiang Hou","doi":"10.1016/j.apsoil.2025.106265","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apsoil.2025.106265","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Soil bacterial communities play a vital role in biogeochemical cycles and the sustainable functioning of grassland ecosystems. Plant community characteristics, such as species diversity, asynchrony, and ground cover, interact with soil resource availability, including temperature, moisture balance, and nutrient cycling, to influence soil community structure. However, the mechanisms by which plant litter regulates bacterial communities through plant-soil interactions remain largely underexplored. We examined the response of soil bacterial community composition to a three-year experiment that added varying litter masses (0, 200, and 400 g m⁻²) of three litter species (<em>Elymus nutans</em>, <em>Kobresia setchwanensis</em>, and <em>Ligularia virgaurea</em>) in an alpine meadow. Our findings showed that <em>L. virgaurea</em> and <em>K. setchwanensis</em> litter at 200 and 400 g m⁻² significantly shifted soil bacterial community composition, although soil bacterial diversity was unaffected. Soil bacterial community composition was significantly correlated with soil and plant characteristics, as well as their interactions. Further analysis revealed that changes in soil bacterial communities were indirectly driven by shifts in soil available nitrogen and soil moisture. These changes were mediated by alterations in plant community coverage induced by litter manipulation. Additionally, changes in plant species asynchrony-either directly through litter-induced effects on soil available phosphorus and plant diversity or indirectly via increased soil pH-played a role in regulating bacterial community composition under litter manipulation. This study concludes that litter-induced interactions between plant communities and soil properties are important drivers of the soil bacterial community composition, and provides insights into cascading effects in plant-soil-bacterial interactions that support multiple ecosystem functions in alpine meadows.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8099,"journal":{"name":"Applied Soil Ecology","volume":"213 ","pages":"Article 106265"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144307193","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Entomopathogenic nematodes employ multiple strategies to avoid the scent of predation","authors":"Shokoofeh Kamali,&nbsp;David Olabiyi,&nbsp;Lauren Marie Diepenbrock,&nbsp;Lukasz L. Stelinski,&nbsp;Larry Wayne Duncan","doi":"10.1016/j.apsoil.2025.106269","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apsoil.2025.106269","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) are insect parasites widely used for biological control of economically significant soil pests. Their persistence in soil is shaped by abiotic factors such as temperature, moisture, and soil texture, as well as biotic pressures from predators and pathogens. Predation by mites imposes strong selection pressure, driving the evolution of nematode responses to microarthropod predators. We hypothesized that heterorhabditid and steinernematid nematodes reduce encounters with mites by responding to mite-associated chemical cues. We examined the numerical and behavioral responses of four EPN species—<em>Heterorhabditis bacteriophora</em>, <em>H. indica</em>, <em>Steinernema feltiae</em>, and <em>S. diaprepesi</em>—to the predatory mite <em>Stratiolaelaps scimitus</em>. In a sand/organic substrate, predation by mites significantly reduced nematode recovery: <em>S. diaprepesi</em> by 90 % and <em>H. bacteriophora</em>, <em>H. indica</em>, and <em>S. feltiae</em> by about 50 %, highlighting species-specific susceptibility to predation. <em>H. bacteriophora</em> and <em>S. diaprepesi</em> exhibited active predator avoidance behaviors, while <em>S. feltiae</em> remained stationary, potentially minimizing detection by mites. Surprisingly, <em>H. indica</em> was attracted to mites, suggesting a unique ecological role or possible resistance through physical or chemical defenses. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry identified two isomers of citral—neral and geranial—emitted by <em>S. scimitus</em>, which repelled <em>H. bacteriophora</em> and <em>S. diaprepesi</em>. These findings suggest that EPNs detect and respond to predator-associated odors, demonstrating the role of chemical signaling in soil predator-prey interactions. Understanding these mechanisms may enhance sustainability of biological pest control in agriculture.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8099,"journal":{"name":"Applied Soil Ecology","volume":"213 ","pages":"Article 106269"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144307182","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The microbial network exhibits higher complexity in the rhizosphere than in bulk soils along elevational gradients in the alpine forests","authors":"Dungang Wang ,&nbsp;Shaojun Deng ,&nbsp;Han Yang ,&nbsp;Na Li ,&nbsp;Qiuhong Feng ,&nbsp;Jia Liu ,&nbsp;Huajun Yin","doi":"10.1016/j.apsoil.2025.106264","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apsoil.2025.106264","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The soil microbial network complexity plays an integral role in ecosystem multifunctionality such as nutrient cycling, soil organic carbon pool and plant productivity. Nevertheless, the manner in which microbial network complexity, particularly within the rhizosphere region, responds to variable environments in the alpine forests with high symbiosis of ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungi remains largely uncharted territory. In this study, we investigated the soil microbial network complexity in bulk and rhizosphere soils in two alpine coniferous forests along two elevation gradients on the eastern Tibetan Plateau. Meanwhile, the soil microbial diversity, functional group abundance and soil parameters were measured to assess the effects of elevation-dependent changes in soil microbial attributes and soil characteristics on soil network complexity in bulk and rhizosphere soils. The results showed that the soil microbial network complexity was significantly higher in the rhizosphere than in bulk soils across all elevations and were positively correlated with soil physicochemical characteristics. Moreover, the complexity of microbial network was positively correlated with the relative abundance of ECM fungi. The random forest model, which predicted 57.72 % of the variations in soil microbial network complexity, further confirmed the significant contribution of ECM fungi in maintaining network complexity. This empirical evidence highlights the importance of fungal functional groups in regulating microbial network complexity. Overall, our study offers insights into a more comprehensive understanding of the underlying mechanisms by which microbial traits modulate co-occurrence networks and interactions from the rhizosphere perspective.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8099,"journal":{"name":"Applied Soil Ecology","volume":"213 ","pages":"Article 106264"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144297017","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Long-term elevated CO2 and warming alter the network complexity and composition of bacterial community in a paddy field","authors":"Jiahui Li ,&nbsp;Jiayi Xiong ,&nbsp;Yexin Hu ,&nbsp;Qingsong Ba ,&nbsp;Feng Li ,&nbsp;Fei Zhang ,&nbsp;Li Jiang ,&nbsp;Yuan Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.apsoil.2025.106241","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apsoil.2025.106241","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Global climate change is mainly characterized by warming and an elevated atmospheric CO₂ concentration, which can affect soil microbial communities. However, the interactive effects of warming and elevated CO₂ on the composition, diversity, function and network complexity of bacterial communities remain unclear. In this study, a long-term open field experiment was conducted to investigate the interactive effects of warming (+2 °C) and CO₂ enrichment (500 ppm) on the bacterial community in a Chinese paddy field. When averaged over the three stages, warming and elevated CO₂ had no individual or interactive effect on the alpha diversity indices of the soil bacterial community. However, elevated CO₂ showed stronger effects on the bacterial community structure than warming, with a significant increase in the relative abundance of the phylum Actinobacteria by 17.5 % and a decrease in Chloroflexi by 15.1 %. Soil organic carbon, pH, total nitrogen and available nitrogen were identified as significant environmental variables for the structuring bacterial community. Co-occurrence network analysis showed that warming significantly increased the network complexity of the soil bacterial community, suggesting that warming enhances the competition of bacterial species interactions. Additionally, the positive effects of warming on the network complexity were moderated by elevated CO₂, in which the network complexity was substantially simplified. Furthermore, elevated CO₂ showed greater effects than warming on the metabolic function of the bacterial community. The COG (clusters of orthologous groups) classifications of posttranslational modification, replication, cell biogenesis and cycle control were significantly increased under elevated CO₂, but those of transcription and secondary metabolite biosynthesis were reduced compared to the ambient control. Overall, these results indicate that the interactive effects of long-term elevated CO₂ and warming will alter the structure composition, network complexity and functioning of soil bacterial communities, and potentially threaten the function of agroecosystems under future climate change scenarios.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8099,"journal":{"name":"Applied Soil Ecology","volume":"213 ","pages":"Article 106241"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144297016","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fungal and arbuscular mycorrhizal communities unique to old grasslands in a Swedish agricultural landscape","authors":"Carles Castaño ,&nbsp;Anders Glimskär ,&nbsp;Sara Hallin ,&nbsp;Nadia I. Maaroufi ,&nbsp;Helle Skånes ,&nbsp;Astrid Taylor ,&nbsp;Karina E. Clemmensen","doi":"10.1016/j.apsoil.2025.106233","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apsoil.2025.106233","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Fungal and arbuscular mycorrhizal communities in semi-natural grassland soils depend on management regime, but we lack knowledge about these communities in a north European agricultural landscape context. Several species inhabiting semi-natural grasslands are of a high conservational interest, but their presence in nearby short-term grasslands such as leys is unknown. We investigated fungi and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) using DNA metabarcoding and quantitative PCR in soils and roots in nine semi-natural grasslands and adjacent leys and assessed unique and overlapping community members and their guilds. We observed a generally higher abundance and alpha diversity of total fungi and AMF in grasslands than in leys, but only in the uppermost soil layer. At the landscape level, leys also had more similar fungal and AMF communities than grasslands. Both fungal and AMF community composition differed between grasslands and leys, with higher relative abundance of root-associated ascomycetes, saprotrophic basidiomycetes and AMF <em>Glomeraceae</em> in grasslands, and more pathogens and dung saprotrophs in leys. The fraction of species shared between soils and roots was higher in grasslands than in leys. We identified distinct fungal and AMF communities associated with semi-natural grasslands that could be of interest for conservation purposes. Assessing how these communities respond to management will be important for proposing conservational measures. The higher abundances of saprotrophic basidiomycetes and root-associated ascomycetes in grasslands than in leys, together with a greater overlap of species between soils and roots, suggests that processes in soils may be more interconnected with roots via fungi in semi-natural grasslands.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8099,"journal":{"name":"Applied Soil Ecology","volume":"213 ","pages":"Article 106233"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144290514","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhanced soil ecosystem multifunctionality and microbial community shifts following spent mushroom substrate application in vineyards","authors":"Xiaochi Ma ,&nbsp;Feng Han ,&nbsp;Guiting Yang ,&nbsp;Jinggui Wu ,&nbsp;Yan Ma","doi":"10.1016/j.apsoil.2025.106230","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apsoil.2025.106230","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Soil multifunctionality and microbial diversity in agricultural ecosystems are influenced by fertilization. Spent mushroom substrates (SMS) have recently been used as organic fertilizers, but their effects on soil and microbial functions in orchard ecosystems remain understood. A two-year field study was conducted to compare the different types (<em>Agaricus bisporus</em> and <em>Pleurotus eryngii</em> substrates) and application rates (equal to 975, 1575 and 2250 kg N ha⁻¹ yr⁻¹) of SMS on soil multifunctionality and microbial community properties in vineyard soils. The application of <em>Pleurotus eryngii</em> substrate at a N input rate of 2250 kg ha⁻¹ yr⁻¹ significantly increased soil multifunctionality by 48.04 % compared to non-fertilized soil, due to reduced soil bulk density, increased soil nutrient content and enhanced soil enzyme activity. Additionally, SMS application significantly improved bacterial diversity and altered bacterial and fungal community structures, with changes positively correlated with soil organic matter content. Furthermore, SMS amendment primarily increased the relative abundances of keystone species categorized as module and network hubs in the bacterial co-occurrence network. Compared to <em>Agaricus bisporus</em> substrate, the application of <em>Pleurotus eryngii</em> substrate increased the relative abundances of organisms involved in aromatic compound degradation (38.63–71.18 %) and saprotroph (3.14–4.40 %), while significantly reducing pathotrophic fungi by 59.96–64.76 %. It is noteworthy that Cu and Cd accumulations were increased by 7.92–52.54 % in vineyard soils treated with SMS. However, the type and application rate of SMS had divergent effects on Cr and Pb accumulations, suggesting that the better microporous structure of <em>Pleurotus eryngii</em> substrate helps bind and passivate heavy metal ions depending on the element type. The contents of Pb, Cd and Cu significantly influenced the diversity and composition of soil microbes. Overall, the proper use of SMS improves soil multifunctionality, and <em>Pleurotus eryngii</em> substrate application could further enhance microbial network structures and ecosystem functions in vineyard soils.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8099,"journal":{"name":"Applied Soil Ecology","volume":"213 ","pages":"Article 106230"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144270656","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Simulated plant-derived exudate pulses promote maize phosphorus uptake by recruiting specific rhizosphere microbial communities and shaping root metabolites","authors":"Guiwei Wang ,&nbsp;Yuechao Yang ,&nbsp;Chenghao Liu ,&nbsp;Zekun Wang ,&nbsp;Lu Liu ,&nbsp;Xiaoqi Wang ,&nbsp;Yuanyuan Yao","doi":"10.1016/j.apsoil.2025.106244","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apsoil.2025.106244","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Exudates are known to drive rhizosphere interactions, yet their distinct roles in enhancing plant phosphorus (P) uptake through microbial recruitment and metabolic regulation remain unclear. In this study, we investigated whether these exudates could stimulate soil P mobilization and improve the P uptake of maize. In brief, we added two concentrations of six exudates once every five days, naturally found in plant roots or microbes and released into the soil during maize growth. The results showed that adding exudate substances significantly increased the biomass and P uptake of maize. This enhancement was linked to alterations in root metabolism and modified plant-microbe interactions in the rhizosphere. Specifically, exudate additions increased the relative abundance of <em>Gaiellales</em> (from 2.7 % to 4.7 %), which positively correlated with shoot P content and soil phosphatase activity, suggesting a potential role in P mobilization, particularly when plant-derived exudates were introduced. Furthermore, a random forest model identified key exudate-affected metabolites (Met2 and Met25) that correlated significantly with maize growth and P uptake. Notably, the microbial community showed a stronger correlation with maize P uptake than root metabolism. The findings indicate that plant-derived exudates are more effective than microbial-derived exudates in improving plant P uptake. This research will provide a theoretical support for utilizing plant exudates to improve the soil phosphates bioavailability.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8099,"journal":{"name":"Applied Soil Ecology","volume":"213 ","pages":"Article 106244"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144263465","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}