Applied Soil Ecology最新文献

{"title":"Bacillus velezensis SS-20 as a potential and efficient multifunctional agent in biocontrol, saline-alkaline tolerance, and plant-growth promotion","authors":"Zhaoliang Chen ,&nbsp;Haiyun Zhang ,&nbsp;Weiguang Lv ,&nbsp;Siyi Zhang ,&nbsp;Linna Du ,&nbsp;Shuangxi Li ,&nbsp;Hanlin Zhang ,&nbsp;Xianqing Zheng ,&nbsp;Juanqin Zhang ,&nbsp;Tinglin Zhang ,&nbsp;Naling Bai","doi":"10.1016/j.apsoil.2024.105772","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apsoil.2024.105772","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The versatile strain <em>Bacillus velezensis</em> SS-20 was studied to determine its agricultural benefits, including its ability to antagonize fungi, promote plant growth, and tolerate saline-alkaline conditions. Firstly, strain SS-20 was found to be an antagonist of plant pathogenic fungi such as <em>Magnaporthe oryzae, Rhizoctonia solani,</em> and <em>Fusarium oxysporum</em>, with control effects up to 82.07 %, 46.57 %, and 23.09 %, respectively. The hyphae of pathogenic fungi treated with SS-20 and its fermentation product were abnormal, swollen, deformed, and distorted. Meanwhile, strain SS-20 dissolved inorganic phosphorus (phosphate solubilization efficiency, 45.95 %), and produced siderophore (siderophore units, 54.18 ± 4.19 %), and poly-γ-glutamic acid (γ-PGA) (13.35 ± 2.61 g/L). Strain SS-20 significantly increased plant height, aboveground fresh weight, and root dehydrogenase activity compared to the control treatment under non-saline conditions (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.05). In addition, strain SS-20 showed significant saline-alkaline tolerance, surviving in 10 % NaCl and pH 9.5, and enhanced plant growth under simulated saline-alkali conditions. Whole-genome sequencing analysis revealed that the chromosome of <em>B. velezensis</em> SS-20 consists of 3,929,792-bp with 46.5 % guanine-cytosine content and 4015 coding sequences. The antiSMASH analysis identified 12 gene clusters within strain SS-20 that encode antimicrobial compounds such as surfactin, fengycin, butirosin A/butirosin B, macrolactin H, bacillibactin, difficidin, and bacilysin, thereby corroborating the strain's biocontrol capabilities. Genes related to plant growth promotion, including siderophores, γ-PGA, indole acetic acid production, phosphate solubilization, glycine-betaine production, and Na⁺/H⁺ antiporters, were also annotated. In conclusion, <em>B. velezensis</em> SS-20 represents a promising biotic resource for enhancing plant growth and protecting against environmental stresses.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8099,"journal":{"name":"Applied Soil Ecology","volume":"205 ","pages":"Article 105772"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142757018","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tree mycorrhizal associations strongly mediate soil microbial β-diversity along an elevational gradient in a warm-temperate forest","authors":"Xinyue Wang,&nbsp;Yaru Wang,&nbsp;Yu Wang,&nbsp;Jieyan Yang,&nbsp;Hongyi He,&nbsp;Yuchen Ren,&nbsp;Chenlin Wang,&nbsp;Haibo Li,&nbsp;Xiongzhi Zhang,&nbsp;Huifang Zhang,&nbsp;Jingjing Wang,&nbsp;Xiuqing Yang,&nbsp;Houjuan Song","doi":"10.1016/j.apsoil.2024.105776","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apsoil.2024.105776","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Determining the factors influencing the elevational gradient of soil microbial diversity is a fundamental yet unresolved aspect of microbial ecology. Despite the considerable research on soil microbial β-diversity patterns across elevations, there has been limited attention given to the importance of symbiotic biotic relationships, e.g. tree mycorrhizal associations. Here, five-point samplings and metagenomic approaches were used to investigate the soil microbial β-diversity in 15 permanent forest sites (400 m²) along an elevational gradient ranging from 894 to 2219 m in Mt. Zhongtiao, a warm-temperate forest region in China. We also measured tree mycorrhizal associations characteristics, soil physiochemical characteristics, and plant diversity to gain a comprehensive understanding of the factors that influenced the microbial communities in this region. Our findings revealed an overall decreasing trend in the β-diversity of soil bacteria and fungi with increasing elevation, with tree mycorrhizal associations emerging as dominant explanatory factors for elevational patterns of microbial β-diversity. The decline in abundance of EcM (Ectomycorrhizal) tree species, the rise in the EcM/AM (Arbuscular mycorrhizal) ratio, and the overall basal area of EcM tree species emerged as the primary factors driving microbial β-diversity, and generally explained over 20 % variations of elevational microbial β-diversity. Importantly, the composition of tree species mycorrhizae influenced fungal β-diversity more than bacterial β-diversity (0.391 &gt; 0.266). Furthermore, the influence of tree mycorrhizal associations on the elevational distribution of soil microbial communities was observed, either directly or indirectly mediated by soil physicochemical properties. The indirect effects of tree mycorrhizal composition on species β-diversity were both greater than the direct effects on bacteria (0.433 &gt; 0.266) and fungi (0.391 &gt; 0.245). These results underscore the importance of considering tree mycorrhizal associations in explaining variations in elevational patterns of soil microbial community structure, providing insights into the mechanisms driving these variations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8099,"journal":{"name":"Applied Soil Ecology","volume":"205 ","pages":"Article 105776"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142746611","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Simple rain-shelter cultivation controls soilborne root-rot disease and improves the quality of Panax notoginseng","authors":"Mengxin Shi ,&nbsp;Haoji Wang ,&nbsp;Huilin Guan ,&nbsp;Fugang Wei ,&nbsp;Shaozhou Yang ,&nbsp;Ping Xiang ,&nbsp;Huimei Pu ,&nbsp;Ying Liu ,&nbsp;Wumei Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.apsoil.2024.105770","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apsoil.2024.105770","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Soilborne root-rot diseases are prevalent in agricultural production, significantly limiting the sustainable cultivation of <em>Panax notoginseng</em> (PN), a renowned medicinal plant in Asia. In this study, a field experiment was conducted to explore the efficacy and mechanisms of a newly designed rain-shelter cultivation method for managing soilborne root-rot diseases in PN. We conducted three treatments that included traditional cultivation (with fertilizer and pesticide), non-rain shelter cultivation (without fertilizer and pesticide), and simple rain-shelter cultivation (without fertilizer and pesticide). After three months of experimentation during the rainy season (July to September 2022), the photosynthetic characteristics, survival rate, root-rot incidence, yield, and saponin contents, including notoginsenoside R₁, ginsenoside Rd, ginsenoside Re, ginsenoside Rb₁, ginsenoside Rg₁, and ginsenoside Rg₂, of PN, were investigated. In addition, the soil properties and allelochemicals, including <em>p</em>-hydroxybenzoic acid, syringic acid, vanillic acid, <em>p</em>-coumaric acid, ferulic acid, and benzoic acid, and microbial communities were analyzed. The results showed that, compared with non-rain shelter cultivation, simple rain-shelter cultivation significantly promoted photosynthesis and reduced the root-rot incidence of PN (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05), which was similar to traditional cultivation; moreover, with the exception of ginsenoside Rb₁, other saponin contents in the roots increased by 6.1–85.8 % under rain-shelter cultivation. In addition, compared with non-rain shelter cultivation, the contents of water, NH₄⁺–N, and six allelochemicals in soil all decreased (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05), and the relative abundance of pathogenic <em>Fusarium</em> decreased by 49.1 %, while beneficial <em>Trichoderma</em> increased by 313.9 % (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05), alluding to the possible mechanisms of the reduced root-rot incidence of PN under rain-shelter cultivation. In summary, our study clearly showed that simple rain-shelter cultivation is an efficient strategy to control root-rot disease and improve the quality of <em>P. notoginseng</em>.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8099,"journal":{"name":"Applied Soil Ecology","volume":"205 ","pages":"Article 105770"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142746733","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Resilience of Collembola communities to extreme drought is moderated by land use at a regional scale","authors":"Sophie Joimel ,&nbsp;Jonathan Bonfanti ,&nbsp;Julie Bahri ,&nbsp;Pierre Ganault ,&nbsp;Alain Rakoto ,&nbsp;Paul-Olivier Redon ,&nbsp;Jérôme Cortet","doi":"10.1016/j.apsoil.2024.105751","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apsoil.2024.105751","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In a world undergoing climate and usage change, soil biodiversity, which accounts to 25 % of the terrestrial biodiversity, is under severe threats. However, scenarios of climate change are based on known sensitivity of aboveground communities while there are differences on the responses to these changes with soil biodiversity. Here, we investigate the effects of an extreme climatic – due to an exceptionally drought year in 2011 - in various land use types (grassland, arable land, forest) through a study conducted at a regional scale (146 sites in Meuse, France) during 5 years. We characterized the responses of Collembola communities to climate change using (i) taxonomic indices and species dynamics, and (ii) species' functional traits and trait-based indices to reveal community assembly mechanisms. Our results demonstrated a total of 98 Collembola species collected during the five year project over the three land uses. Density and species richness were modulated by year, by land use and by their interaction. Three different distribution patterns in response to extreme drought events were demonstrated according to land use. Our findings thus reveal various effects according to land use, with a fast recovery of communities in arable lands, a long term effect for grasslands, and almost no effects observed in forests. These results show that the diversity of Collembola communities may be used as indicators of the resilience of ecosystems facing extreme climatic events.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8099,"journal":{"name":"Applied Soil Ecology","volume":"205 ","pages":"Article 105751"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142746718","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Changes in soil microbial community and carbon use efficiency in freeze-thaw period restored after growth season under warming and straw return","authors":"Minghui Liu ,&nbsp;Zhiming Zhang ,&nbsp;Peng He ,&nbsp;Yifei Zhang ,&nbsp;Lu-Jun Li","doi":"10.1016/j.apsoil.2024.105779","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apsoil.2024.105779","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Microbial communities and metabolic activities play key roles in carbon (C) turnover in terrestrial ecosystems, which are directly and indirectly affected by freeze-thaw cycles. However, the immediate and legacy effects of freeze-thaw periods on soil microbial community structure and C metabolic activity in agricultural ecosystems were still not fully understood. In this study, we evaluated the changes in soil microbial community structure and C metabolic activity during the freeze-thaw period and the growth season under the condition of warming and straw return. The results showed that the microbial biomass and the ratio of fungi to bacteria (F/B) were sensitive to freeze-thaw cycles and straw return. Both gradually decreased during the freeze-thaw period. The ratio of gram-positive to gram-negative bacteria (GP/GN) gradually increased during the freeze-thaw period. Then all these changes recovered during the growth season. Microorganisms have a certain self-regulating ability to deal with freeze-thaw stress. In contrast, microbial C use efficiency (CUE) did not significantly change during the freeze-thaw period, but increased during the growth season. Microbial CUE had no significant correlations with microbial biomass, the F/B, and the GP/GN, while it was negatively related with the ratio of dissoluble organic C to dissoluble total nitrogen (N) and the imbalance ratio between resources and microorganisms (C:N imbalance). These findings suggested that soil stoichiometric ratio played important role in regulating microbial CUE, instead of microbial community characteristics.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8099,"journal":{"name":"Applied Soil Ecology","volume":"205 ","pages":"Article 105779"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142746721","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nitrogen deposition changes the root nutrient uptake strategies by affecting microbial diversity of the rhizosphere","authors":"Gaoqiang Zhu ,&nbsp;Guoyong Yan ,&nbsp;Guancheng Liu ,&nbsp;Yajuan Xing ,&nbsp;Qinggui Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.apsoil.2024.105773","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apsoil.2024.105773","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Despite the acknowledged importance of rhizosphere fungi in ecosystem functioning, their role in mediating the effects of environmental changes on plant root nutrient uptake strategies remains inadequately understood. To address this gap, long-term nitrogen addition field experiments were conducted to investigate how rhizosphere fungal diversity influences specific root length, a pivotal indicator of plant nutrient uptake rate. The results of the study showed that nitrogen addition significantly augmented specific root length and rhizosphere fungal diversity in both arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) and ectomycorrhizal (ECM) tree species. However, the effects on rhizosphere fungal diversity differed markedly between the two mycorrhizal types. In AM tree species, nitrogen addition decreased rhizosphere beneficial fungal diversity while increasing the diversity of pathogenic fungi. Conversely, ECM tree species exhibited an increase in rhizosphere beneficial fungal diversity and a reduction in pathogenic fungal diversity under nitrogen addition. Furthermore, we identified a positive correlation between the diversity of rhizosphere pathogens and specific root length under nitrogen addition, while a negative correlation was observed under the control. Structural equation modeling further revealed that the indirect effects of nitrogen addition on SRL were mediated through changes in the diversity of rhizosphere beneficial fungi. These findings suggest that nitrogen addition not only directly influences SRL but also exerts significant indirect effects by altering the microbial composition of the rhizosphere. In summary, the study underscores the substantial impact of long-term nitrogen addition on the interactive mechanism of plant physiological characteristics, mediated by pathogenic and beneficial fungi in the rhizosphere of temperate forests.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8099,"journal":{"name":"Applied Soil Ecology","volume":"205 ","pages":"Article 105773"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142746715","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of irrigation-mediated continuously moist and dry-rewetting pattern on soil physicochemical properties, structure and bacterial community","authors":"Fuhui Yang ,&nbsp;Pute Wu ,&nbsp;Lin Zhang ,&nbsp;Yuqing Hang ,&nbsp;Yiqian Wei","doi":"10.1016/j.apsoil.2024.105767","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apsoil.2024.105767","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The drying-rewetting cycles (DRW) shaped by climate change are known to affect the physicochemical cycles of natural soils. In irrigated soils, changes in irrigation methods make DRW cycles more repetitive and frequent. However, how irrigation regimes affect the physicochemical properties of irrigated soils and their selection of microbial communities have yet to be discovered. Two irrigation methods for two DRW patterns were selected: (1) continuous irrigation for constantly moist (including three soil wetness, low for CL, medium for CM, and high for CH) and (2) intermittent irrigation for DRW (including three intermittent irrigation frequencies, low for DL, medium for DM and high for DH), to determine the selection of soil physicochemical properties and microbial communities and their effect on yield by mediating soil DRW patterns with different irrigation methods. The results revealed that the DRW pattern mediated by irrigation regimes significantly affected soil physicochemical properties. Constantly moist treatments maintained a more stable soil hydrothermal status, with less soil salinity and slight alkalinity than DRW treatments. The water-stable aggregate was greater in CM, but it was progressively enhanced with increased intermittent frequency. In addition, SOM and TN in CM were 15 %, 25 %, and 35 % higher than in DL, DM, and DH, respectively. High-throughput sequencing results showed that CM had the largest Chao1 index (2610.10), Shannons index (10.23), and Simpsons index (0.9982). The results of the Mental tests indicated that soil moisture patterns exhibited a high degree of explanation by environmental factors. The RDA analysis demonstrated that the PC1 axis (28.7 %) significantly separated the soil bacterial communities of different treatments. These results extend the theoretical understanding of how continuously moist soil and continuous irrigation affect soil physicochemical properties and microbial community diversity. This study provides theoretical guidance for strengthening the application and popularization of continuous irrigation in irrigated soil in the future.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8099,"journal":{"name":"Applied Soil Ecology","volume":"205 ","pages":"Article 105767"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142723018","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bacterial community structure drives soil multifunctionality along a precipitation gradient in the Inner Mongolian shrublands","authors":"Bo Liu,&nbsp;Xu Li,&nbsp;Wenxu Cao,&nbsp;Qinghe Li","doi":"10.1016/j.apsoil.2024.105763","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apsoil.2024.105763","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The impact of precipitation patterns on microbial community structure and diversity has been extensively studied. However, there is limited research on the influence of precipitation on microbial diversity and ecosystem multifunctionality, particularly in arid shrub ecosystems. A clear gradient occurs in the annual precipitation from east to west on the Inner Mongolian Plateau, which is an ideal region for investigating how shrub soil microbial communities respond to rainfall. This research explored how precipitation influences the diversity, structure, network complexity, and cohesion of the shrub soil bacterial community, and their connections with soil multifunctionality across a 1500 km precipitation gradient in northern China. The findings indicated a pattern where bacterial community diversity and network complexity initially increased but later declined as precipitation levels rose, whereas microbial network cohesion and soil multifunctionality showed a notable increase. Mean annual precipitation had the strongest direct effect on the overall bacterial community and network structures. While previous studies have demonstrated that microbial network complexity can reliably predict ecosystem functioning, our findings do not align with this conclusion. Instead, our study highlights the crucial role of bacterial α-diversity in modulating the relationship between microbial network complexity and soil multifunctionality. For shrub systems, the correlations of microbial diversity, network complexity, and network cohesion with soil multifunctionality weakened when controlling for differences in habitat and sampling site, but the relationship between bacterial community structure and soil multifunctionality remained robust. Our findings emphasize that only specific functional groups within microbial communities are essential for ecosystem stability. Considering the challenges posed by climate change and the rapid decline in biodiversity, future investigations should focus on these key groups to provide strategic insights for maintaining and enhancing ecosystem functions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8099,"journal":{"name":"Applied Soil Ecology","volume":"205 ","pages":"Article 105763"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142721825","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of soil inoculation on crop residue breakdown and carbon and nitrogen cycling in organically and conventionally managed agricultural soils","authors":"Sophie Q. van Rijssel ,&nbsp;Eva Kuipers ,&nbsp;Kyle Mason-Jones ,&nbsp;Guusje J. Koorneef ,&nbsp;Wim H. van der Putten ,&nbsp;G.F. (Ciska) Veen","doi":"10.1016/j.apsoil.2024.105760","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apsoil.2024.105760","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Organic agriculture relies on organic fertilizers and amendments to provide nutrients to plants and will therefore depend on decomposer communities to release nutrients from these organic inputs. However, after conversion of conventional to organic agriculture it may take up to decades before decomposer communities become adapted to the new resource inputs. The aim of the present study is to investigate if the functional capacity of soil communities for decomposing recalcitrant crop residue types can be enhanced by inoculating soil communities from organically into conventionally managed soils. We used a microcosm incubation experiment to test how soil inoculation, agricultural management history, and crop residue type affect carbon and nitrogen cycling with crop residue addition. We collected soil samples from 5 pairs of conventional and nearby organic fields and set up a reciprocal inoculation experiment under controlled lab conditions. We inoculated soil from each conventional field with soil from the paired organic field and vice versa. To each soil mix, five types of crop residues were added: a cover crop mixture, carrot leaves (<em>Daucus carota</em>), alfalfa (<em>Medicago sativa</em>), hay (<em>Lolium perenne</em>), and straw (<em>Triticum aestivum</em>). There was one control treatment without any addition. Soils were incubated for 34 days and we measured mass loss of the crop residues from litter bags, cumulative soil respiration, cumulative potential plant available nutrients, permanganate oxidizable carbon (POXC), and substrate-induced respiration (SIR). Initial soil abiotic conditions (soil organic matter content, pH, C:N ratio, plant available nutrients), soil microbial biomass and soil bacterial and fungal community composition were also determined. We did not find clear effects of inoculation on mass loss and cumulative respiration. Instead, effects of crop residue type on all parameters were substantial. Crop residues with higher C:N ratios generally had lower mass loss and cumulative respiration, and resulted in lower nitrogen availability but higher POXC contents. Organic management enhanced cumulative respiration. There was little overlap in bacterial and fungal ASVs between the organic and conventional soils within each pair, resulting in a potential increase in diversity as a result of soil inoculation. We conclude that decomposition of crop residues declined with their recalcitrance, and that soils from organically managed fields did not increase the capacity of the soil community to decompose recalcitrant residues. Further studies are needed to determine whether compositional differences between soils from organic and conventional fields are a response to farming practices or whether management also has functional implications for soil fertility.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8099,"journal":{"name":"Applied Soil Ecology","volume":"205 ","pages":"Article 105760"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142721824","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Accumulation of metals and metalloids in soil cover, road dust, and their PM10 fraction in Ulan-Ude: Spatial variation and source apportionment","authors":"Sycheva Daria,&nbsp;Kosheleva Natalia","doi":"10.1016/j.apsoil.2024.105769","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apsoil.2024.105769","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Coal-fired thermal power plants remain one of the primary sources of electricity generation in the Asian part of Russia. However, coal combustion leads to severe environmental pollution. This study attempts to assess this impact in a large city in Eastern Siberia, Ulan-Ude, the capital of Buryatia, where coal is widely used in thermal power plants and for stove heating. The accumulation of trace metals (MMs) in the upper soil horizons, road dust, and their fine PM₁₀ fraction was evaluated. The coal, ash, soil and road dust samples were analyzed using inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS/AES) to determine concentrations of As, Bi, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Mo, Ni, Pb, Sb, Sr, V, W, and Zn. The coal was enriched only in Sr compared to world coals, while the ash was depleted in all these MMs. Concentrations of all MMs were higher than the local natural soil background values, with priority pollutants in Ulan-Ude's soils identified as Cu, Pb, Sb, Cd, Zn, and W. For the first time, the primary sources of MMs were quantitatively assessed using the PMF receptor model. It was established that most MMs (As, Ni, Cr, Sr, V, Co, Bi) originated from mixed sources, including natural sources and emissions from coal combustion. Its contribution accounted for 32.6 % for the bulk soils and 25.4 % for the PM₁₀ fraction. The contribution of exhaust and non-exhaust emissions was estimated as 19.2 % and 22.4 % for bulk soils and the PM₁₀ fraction, respectively. The spatial distribution of the Total Pollution Index (TPI) for soils indicated that the pollution degree was highest in private residential areas (mean TPI = 24), suggesting an influence of coal combustion conditions (including temperature) on contamination levels. The PM₁₀ fraction of soil was most polluted in the railway transport zone (mean TPI = 46). Approximately 8 % of Ulan-Ude's territory displayed maximum, extremely hazardous levels of pollution in soils and their PM₁₀ fraction, posing a risk to human health. Road dust was enriched in Sr, Sb and Pb compared to the continental upper crust values. Bulk road dust exhibited a low level of pollution, while the Total Pollution Index for its PM₁₀ fraction reached an extremely hazardous level (TPI &gt; 128). The highest pollution levels in road dust and its PM₁₀ fraction were observed on main roads. In large industrial cities, pollution from coal combustion occurs alongside other significant sources, including vehicular emissions, contributing to the diversity of total pollutant emissions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8099,"journal":{"name":"Applied Soil Ecology","volume":"205 ","pages":"Article 105769"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142702181","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}