Compared with plant diversity and soil fungal diversity, soil bacterial diversity drives ecosystem multifunctionality during the vegetation restoration process

IF 5 2区农林科学 Q1 SOIL SCIENCE

Applied Soil Ecology Pub Date : 2025-09-25 DOI:10.1016/j.apsoil.2025.106482

Hengkang Xu , Chao Chen , Zhuo Pang , Guofang Zhang , Weiwei Zhang , Haiming Kan

{"title":"Compared with plant diversity and soil fungal diversity, soil bacterial diversity drives ecosystem multifunctionality during the vegetation restoration process","authors":"Hengkang Xu , Chao Chen , Zhuo Pang , Guofang Zhang , Weiwei Zhang , Haiming Kan","doi":"10.1016/j.apsoil.2025.106482","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Restoring vegetation enhances ecosystem multifunctionality (EMF). Species diversity, which includes plant, bacterial, and fungal diversity, plays a fundamental role in maintaining EMF. However, continuous monitoring of the effects of plant and microbial diversity on ecosystem functions across various vegetation restoration strategies remains insufficient. Over 5 years (2017–2021), we investigated the impact of different vegetation restoration methods—<em>Medicago sativa</em> (alfalfa) replanting (AF), <em>Bromus inermis</em> (smooth brome) replanting (SB), and natural restoration (CK)—on both aboveground EMF (AEMF, based on plant productivity) and belowground EMF (BEMF, based on nutrient cycling indicators) in degraded lands of North China. The results indicated that AF primarily enhances EMF by elevating AEMF, while SB predominantly improves EMF by enhancing BEMF. Regression analysis revealed that the EMF and BEMF of AF and SB treatments followed an initial increase, followed by a subsequent decline, with the progression of restoration time. Notably, bacterial diversity—rather than plant or fungal diversity—was positively correlated with EMF during the restoration process. The findings also highlight the dynamic relationship between bacterial community network stability and soil multifunctionality during vegetation restoration. The structural equation model indicates that pH has a direct negative impact on EMF and also indirectly regulates EMF by influencing microbial diversity. These findings enhance our understanding of how biodiversity relates to ecosystem functioning during vegetation restoration, to help develop more accurate and effective restoration strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8099,"journal":{"name":"Applied Soil Ecology","volume":"215 ","pages":"Article 106482"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0000,"publicationDate":"2025-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Applied Soil Ecology","FirstCategoryId":"97","ListUrlMain":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0929139325006201","RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"SOIL SCIENCE","Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Abstract

Restoring vegetation enhances ecosystem multifunctionality (EMF). Species diversity, which includes plant, bacterial, and fungal diversity, plays a fundamental role in maintaining EMF. However, continuous monitoring of the effects of plant and microbial diversity on ecosystem functions across various vegetation restoration strategies remains insufficient. Over 5 years (2017–2021), we investigated the impact of different vegetation restoration methods—Medicago sativa (alfalfa) replanting (AF), Bromus inermis (smooth brome) replanting (SB), and natural restoration (CK)—on both aboveground EMF (AEMF, based on plant productivity) and belowground EMF (BEMF, based on nutrient cycling indicators) in degraded lands of North China. The results indicated that AF primarily enhances EMF by elevating AEMF, while SB predominantly improves EMF by enhancing BEMF. Regression analysis revealed that the EMF and BEMF of AF and SB treatments followed an initial increase, followed by a subsequent decline, with the progression of restoration time. Notably, bacterial diversity—rather than plant or fungal diversity—was positively correlated with EMF during the restoration process. The findings also highlight the dynamic relationship between bacterial community network stability and soil multifunctionality during vegetation restoration. The structural equation model indicates that pH has a direct negative impact on EMF and also indirectly regulates EMF by influencing microbial diversity. These findings enhance our understanding of how biodiversity relates to ecosystem functioning during vegetation restoration, to help develop more accurate and effective restoration strategies.

查看原文本刊更多论文

与植物多样性和土壤真菌多样性相比，土壤细菌多样性驱动植被恢复过程中生态系统的多功能性

植被恢复增强了生态系统的多功能性。物种多样性，包括植物、细菌和真菌多样性，在维持EMF中起着重要作用。然而，对不同植被恢复策略下植物和微生物多样性对生态系统功能影响的持续监测仍然不足。在2017-2021年的5年时间里，研究了华北退化土地不同植被恢复方式——紫花苜蓿（medicago sativa）复种（AF）、凤尾花（Bromus inermis）复种（SB）和自然恢复（CK）——对地上EMF（基于植物生产力的AEMF）和地下EMF（基于养分循环指标的BEMF）的影响。结果表明，AF主要通过提高AEMF来增强EMF，而SB主要通过增强beemf来增强EMF。回归分析显示，随着恢复时间的延长，AF和SB处理的EMF和BEMF呈先上升后下降的趋势。值得注意的是，在恢复过程中，细菌多样性（而不是植物或真菌多样性）与EMF呈正相关。研究结果还强调了植被恢复过程中细菌群落网络稳定性与土壤多功能性之间的动态关系。结构方程模型表明，pH对EMF有直接的负向影响，并通过影响微生物多样性间接调节EMF。这些发现增强了我们对植被恢复过程中生物多样性与生态系统功能之间关系的理解，有助于制定更准确、更有效的恢复策略。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

求助全文

约1分钟内获得全文求助全文

来源期刊

Applied Soil Ecology 农林科学-土壤科学

CiteScore

9.70

自引率

4.20%

发文量

363

审稿时长

5.3 months

期刊介绍： Applied Soil Ecology addresses the role of soil organisms and their interactions in relation to: sustainability and productivity, nutrient cycling and other soil processes, the maintenance of soil functions, the impact of human activities on soil ecosystems and bio(techno)logical control of soil-inhabiting pests, diseases and weeds.