Applied Soil Ecology最新文献

{"title":"The effect of soil microbial traits on soil organic carbon in alpine grassland was limited by depth","authors":"Jia Li ,&nbsp;Xia Wang ,&nbsp;Menghan Yuan ,&nbsp;Yazhen Li ,&nbsp;Wenhui Duan ,&nbsp;Jieyi Xia ,&nbsp;Xusheng Zhang ,&nbsp;Yunfei Zhao ,&nbsp;Huawei Zhu","doi":"10.1016/j.apsoil.2025.106026","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apsoil.2025.106026","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Microorganisms play an important role in regulating the formation and accumulation of soil organic carbon (SOC). However, it has not yet been determined which microbial factors (community, biomass, and necromass) play a role in SOC pool at different depths in alpine grassland ecosystems and how this is achieved. We conducted a large-scale survey and sampling in two alpine grassland habitats on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau at two soil layers (topsoil: 0–10 cm and subsoil: 20–30 cm) over an area spanning 1500 km. The distribution patterns of SOC pools and microbial communities in alpine grasslands were analyzed. We found that microbial biomass carbon decreased significantly with depth, and alpine meadow MBC was significantly larger than alpine steppe. Fungal nercomass carbon was the main contributor to SOC in alpine grasslands. Compared to microbial communities, microbial carbon pools had a greater influence on SOC pools, and they were mainly accumulated through microbial nercomass carbon. Soil moisture affects microbial composition, so microbial diversity and associated network complexity were affected by a wide range of moisture factors (including mean annual precipitation and soil moisture). In deeper soils within alpine grasslands, microbial network complexity reduces the SOC pool by influencing microbial community diversity. This study revealed the controls on microbial communities and SOC at different soil depths within different grassland types on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, and the results emphasize the importance of microbial necromass in SOC pool within alpine ecosystems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8099,"journal":{"name":"Applied Soil Ecology","volume":"209 ","pages":"Article 106026"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143610699","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"N cycling increase after savanna afforestation with Eucalyptus or Acacia is reflected in the growth of soil ammonia-oxidizing archaea and nematode bacterial-feeders","authors":"M. Sauvadet ,&nbsp;J.M. Harmand ,&nbsp;P. Deleporte ,&nbsp;A. Martin ,&nbsp;F. Zarah-Shailia ,&nbsp;C. Villenave ,&nbsp;A. Jimenez ,&nbsp;L. Mareschal ,&nbsp;J.P. Bouillet ,&nbsp;J.P. Laclau ,&nbsp;C. Plassard ,&nbsp;J. Trap ,&nbsp;A. Robin","doi":"10.1016/j.apsoil.2025.106027","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apsoil.2025.106027","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In tropical humid Africa, sandy soils under periodically burnt herbaceous savannas exhibit generally low carbon (C) content and nitrogen (N) availability. Savanna afforestation may overcome these limitations through changes in soil functioning, yet these processes still need to be explored. In this study, we investigated whether changes in the composition of soil micro-food web may explain soil C and N cycling increases following savanna afforestation. We conducted a 7-year experiment in Congo including <em>Eucalyptus</em> and N₂-fixing <em>Acacia</em> monocultures and <em>Eucalyptus-Acacia</em> mixtures established on former herbaceous savannas. We assessed in each of these modalities the soil attributes: organic C and N, pH_H2O, nitrate, ammonium, net C and N mineralization and nitrification rates, along with the abundances of bacteria, fungi, nematodes, ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA) and bacteria (AOB) in the top 10 cm layer. Afforestation of savannas with <em>Eucalyptus</em> for timber production increased soil C by 1.7 times, soil net N mineralization rates by 1.9 times and soil inorganic nitrogen by 2.5 times. Mixed <em>Acacia-Eucalyptus</em> and <em>Acacia</em> monoculture plantations further improved the rate of net nitrogen mineralization by a factor of 1.4 and soil inorganic N by a factor of 2.3 compared with <em>Eucalyptus</em> monocultures. These changes were associated with a gradual increase in AOA abundance from savanna to <em>Eucalyptus</em> monoculture, <em>Eucalyptus-Acacia</em> mixtures and finally <em>Acacia</em> monoculture. Savanna afforestation resulted in a significant increase in the absolute abundance of bacterial-feeding nematodes by 678 %, but to a decrease in the abundance of both fungal-feeders, and omnivores and predators. Increase in N cycling was positively associated with both AOA and nematode bacterial-feeder abundances, underlining the importance of monitoring micro-food web structure to understand better how land use changes affect soil biogeochemical cycling in the context of tropical afforestation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8099,"journal":{"name":"Applied Soil Ecology","volume":"209 ","pages":"Article 106027"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143611316","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Potentially toxic elements in different inorganic and organic fertilizers: A comprehensive review on global perspective and fertilizer-wise differences","authors":"Saloni Sachdeva ,&nbsp;Abhiruchi Varshney ,&nbsp;Harish Chandra Barman ,&nbsp;Mike A. Powell ,&nbsp;Prafulla Kumar Sahoo","doi":"10.1016/j.apsoil.2025.105996","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apsoil.2025.105996","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;div&gt;Although fertilizer use greatly enhances the crop productivity, applying it excessively can lead to serious concern of agricultural soil contamination and global food safety. Despite this widespread concern, there is a lack of comprehensive studies evaluating fertilizer-wise differences in accumulating potentially toxic elements (PTEs) on a global perspective. This study addresses this gap by compiling 74 research articles from different countries that were retrieved from the &lt;em&gt;Scopus&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;ScienceDirect&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;PubMed and Google Scholar database&lt;/em&gt;. The compiled data was first divided into inorganic and organic origins and then into the 14 fertilizer types; 6 inorganic and 8 organic group of fertilizers. The result showed that the average PTEs concentration is widely varied between and within the group of fertilizers. Among the major inorganic fertilizers, \"P\" (phosphorus) group- exhibited the highest and 2nd highest median concentrations (mg kg&lt;sup&gt;-1&lt;/sup&gt;) of most of the PTEs (in decreasing order of Al (7906) &gt; Fe (2644) &gt; Cr (127) &gt; U (111) &gt; V (103) &gt; Zn (94) &gt; Mn (68) &gt; Ni (23) &gt; Cu (15) &gt; As (10) &gt; Cd (7) &gt; Co (6.6) &gt; Mo (6.2) &gt; Se (3), followed by \"M\" (mixed), \"K\" (potassium) and \"N\" (nitrogen) groups . Phosphate rocks (\"PR\"), which used as a raw material in making P-based fertilizers, also contain higher levels of most of the PTEs, similar with \"P\". Comparing to the European Union (EU) Regulation 2019/1009 related to inorganic fertilizers, higher % of data points of \"P\" (up to 25 %), \"M\" (up to 13 %) and \"PR\" (up to 22 %) groups exceeded the legal limits of As (40 mg kg&lt;sup&gt;−1&lt;/sup&gt;), Pb (120 mg kg&lt;sup&gt;−1&lt;/sup&gt;), and Ni (50 mg kg&lt;sup&gt;−1&lt;/sup&gt;), while \"N\" and \"K\" groups were mostly remained below the legal limits. Among the organic categories, CSS (i.e., compost includes municipal solid waste and sewage sludge as raw materials) displayed significantly higher median values (mg kg&lt;sup&gt;-1&lt;/sup&gt;) of the PTEs, including Zn (514), Cu (181), Pb (127), Cr (93), Ni (56), As (11) and Cd (3) than others. When compared to the EU Regulation 2019/1009 for organic fertilizers, CSS showed a significantly higher % of data points (up to 61%) that surpassed the limits of As, Pb, Hg, Ni and Cd; MPG (pig manure) and MCH (chicken/poultry manure) were next (up to 28.5% and 21.8%, respectively), while others mostly remained within the limits. This reflects a drastic difference of PTEs accumulation between the type of fertilizers, emphasizing the necessity to continue research on toxic elements quantification in fertilizers and the raw materials used in them. The results of this study can be served as a baseline level of PTE levels in different fertilizer types for developing more sustainable fertilization practices to safeguard agricultural soils and human health. However, this data should be used with cautions due to certain limitations, especially variability in sample sizes and number of elements acr","PeriodicalId":8099,"journal":{"name":"Applied Soil Ecology","volume":"209 ","pages":"Article 105996"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143611315","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Successional transition from broadleaf to bamboo forests promotes fungal communities and soil carbon mineralization following the altered litterfall quality","authors":"Qiumei Teng ,&nbsp;Tao Fang ,&nbsp;Qianqian Zhang ,&nbsp;Anna Gunina ,&nbsp;Aiyu Zheng ,&nbsp;Zhaoliang Song ,&nbsp;Jingyun Zhou ,&nbsp;Scott X. Chang ,&nbsp;Yongchun Li","doi":"10.1016/j.apsoil.2025.106006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apsoil.2025.106006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Forest succession alters soil organic carbon (SOC) dynamics by changing litter quality of litter entering the soil and affecting microbial communities. However, few studies have explored how litter quality interacts with soil fungal communities to regulate SOC mineralization during successional changes in forest succession. We studied the relationship between litter quality, SOC mineralization, and associated fungal composition by conducting an in-situ decomposition experiment in a natural broadleaf forest and a pure Moso bamboo (<em>Phyllostachys edulis</em>) forest, where the succession in former forest arrested by structurally inferior bamboo grasses. On average, topsoil organic carbon mineralization increased by 73 % and subsoil by 233 % (only during autumn) following the broadleaf forest transitions to bamboo dominance. More decomposable litterfall in the bamboo forests increased the abundance of saprophytic fungi (e.g., Mortierellales and Chaetothyriales orders) and enhanced topsoil degradation functions, promoting SOC mineralization compared to the broadleaf forest. Higher water-soluble organic carbon content increased subsoil organic carbon mineralization by increasing the abundance of Mortierellales order. Our results emphasized the importance of interaction between litter quality and fungal composition (especially saprophytic fungi) regulated SOC mineralization in arrested succession. The enhanced SOC mineralization after the broadleaf forest transition to bamboo forest suggested that the traits of Moso bamboo, such as fast litterfall decomposition, can accelerate SOC mineralization to reinforce its dominance. By examining the role of microbial decomposition in regulating soil nutrient dynamics in the context of arrested succession, our study offered a unique mechanistic perspective on the belowground drivers of bamboo dominance, with important implications for forest structure and function.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8099,"journal":{"name":"Applied Soil Ecology","volume":"209 ","pages":"Article 106006"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143601248","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Soil depth shapes the microbial response to land use and climate change in agroecosystems","authors":"Lena Philipp ,&nbsp;Marie Sünnemann ,&nbsp;Martin Schädler ,&nbsp;Evgenia Blagodatskaya ,&nbsp;Mika Tarkka ,&nbsp;Nico Eisenhauer ,&nbsp;Thomas Reitz","doi":"10.1016/j.apsoil.2025.106025","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apsoil.2025.106025","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Soil microbial communities are vital for ecosystem functions and are strongly affected by land use and climate change, yet the specific impacts in deeper topsoil layers remain unclear. This study investigates these effects across three topsoil layers after eight years of experimental treatments at the Global Change Experimental Facility (GCEF) in order to unravel the role of different topsoil layers in the response of microbial communities to land use and climate change. Distinct effects of land use and climate change on microbial biomass, community structure, and functions in agroecosystems were observed, with the upper 15 cm of soil exhibiting the strongest responses, and more pronounced land use impacts than those of climate change. Although spring climate treatment including higher precipitation and higher temperature provided favorable conditions for microbes, negative effects, possibly a legacy from previous summer droughts, persisted. Despite a decrease in microbial abundance and activity with depth, a diverse microbial community persisted throughout the topsoil due to organic material input. Grasslands exhibited greater changes in microbial community structure and reduced biomass and functionality with depth, whereas tilled croplands showed less pronounced depth effects. Thus, deeper topsoil layers were more critical for soil functionality in croplands. Surprisingly, responses to experimental treatments were partly reversed in deeper soil layers compared to the uppermost layer, suggesting a buffering role of deeper layers against disturbances. These findings emphasize the importance of considering soil depth and land management practices in global change studies to fully understand impacts on soil health and ecosystem functioning. However, croplands' reliance on deeper soil layers suggests vulnerability to additional stressors, underscoring the need of balanced land management practices to ensure long-term ecosystem resilience.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8099,"journal":{"name":"Applied Soil Ecology","volume":"209 ","pages":"Article 106025"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143601249","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Short term effects of fire on assembly rules and β-diversity of soil bacteria in Mediterranean soils","authors":"George P. Stamou ,&nbsp;Spiros Papakostas ,&nbsp;Claudia Rojas ,&nbsp;Effimia M. Papatheodorou","doi":"10.1016/j.apsoil.2025.105994","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apsoil.2025.105994","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Fires are common in Mediterranean soils and constitute an important driver of their evolution; however, their effects on the assembly rules of soil bacteria received limited attention. We reanalyzed the data from Aponte et al. (2022), retrieved from the NCBI database, to investigate fire-induced short term effects on β-diversity, abundance ranking, and the co-occurrence patterns among bacterial OTUs under the pyrodiversity-biodiversity hypothesis. Higher richness and abundance of bacterial OTUs were recorded in the burnt compared to the unburnt areas. Although a-diversity was unaffected, β-diversity based on Bray Curtis similarity index decreased by fire. The β-ratio analyzing the two components of β-diversity (nestedness and turnover) was &gt;0.5 in unburnt and &lt;0.5 in burnt area, denoting the predominance of stochastic and deterministic regulation, respectively. The Zero-Sum Model showed the best fit to the abundance data of the local communities followed by the deterministic Zipf-Mandelbrot model. Fire increased the dispersion between the local communities, while taxa niche diversification was less strict compared to the unburnt soils. Fire disconnected the co-occurrence bacterial network, but networks in both burnt and unburnt areas exhibited modular architecture with Small-World properties and increased robustness to broadly distributed disturbances. However, fire increased the vulnerability of bacterial network to targeted disturbances. The robustness to widespread disturbances such as fire was likely related to the long evolutionary history of organisms inhabiting the Mediterranean soils.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8099,"journal":{"name":"Applied Soil Ecology","volume":"209 ","pages":"Article 105994"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143592810","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ammonia-oxidizing archaea rather than ammonia-oxidizing bacteria drives methane emissions in a wheat-paddy rice rotation system","authors":"Mengdie Jiang ,&nbsp;Peng Xu ,&nbsp;Ronglin Su ,&nbsp;Hengbin Xiao ,&nbsp;Imran Khan ,&nbsp;Ronggui Hu","doi":"10.1016/j.apsoil.2025.106015","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apsoil.2025.106015","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Methane (CH₄) emissions in nature environments are closely associated with its production by methanogens and oxidation by methanotrophs. Moreover, ammonia oxidation is crucial in the nitrogen cycle and significantly influences CH₄ oxidation. However, knowledge about the role of ammonia oxidizers in controlling CH₄ release from rice-planted soil is scarce. This study measured CH₄ fluxes and the gene abundances of methanogen (<em>mcrA</em>), methanotroph (<em>pmoA</em>), ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA-<em>amoA</em>) and ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB-<em>amoA</em>) in both the rice-planted and unplanted plots. The results showed that rice planting enhanced seasonal cumulative CH₄ emissions by 56.1 % and 41.5 % in 2018 and 2019, respectively, compared to the rice-unplanted treatment. Rice planting exhibited no obvious impact on the gene abundances of <em>pmoA</em>. The gene abundance of AOA-<em>amoA</em> was significantly reduced in the rice-planted treatment compared to the unplanted treatment, while the opposite results were observed for <em>mcrA</em> and AOB-<em>amoA</em> gene abundance. Structural equation modeling revealed that the increased CH₄ emissions induced by rice planting primarily resulted from the enhanced <em>mcrA</em> gene abundance and the decreased AOA-<em>amoA</em> gene abundance. Additionally, the stoichiometric ratio of dissolved organic carbon to mineral nitrogen emerged as the primary determinant of the temporal dynamics of CH₄ fluxes. These findings suggest that AOA and carbon‑nitrogen stoichiometry are important in regulating CH₄ emissions in paddy rice fields.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8099,"journal":{"name":"Applied Soil Ecology","volume":"209 ","pages":"Article 106015"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143592811","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancing the immobilization efficiency of mercapto-palygorskite on soil Cd through earthworm addition: Cd fractions, soil aggregates, and bacterial community","authors":"Yale Wang ,&nbsp;Kaihui Hou ,&nbsp;Junxiao Jiang ,&nbsp;Xu Gao ,&nbsp;Yingming Xu ,&nbsp;Yali Wang ,&nbsp;Chunhong Xu ,&nbsp;Liping Li ,&nbsp;Xuefeng Liang ,&nbsp;Gaoling Shi","doi":"10.1016/j.apsoil.2025.106024","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apsoil.2025.106024","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Mercapto-palygorskite (MP) has gained extensive attention due to its ability to immobilize cadmium (Cd) in calcareous soils. However, its immobilization efficiency is affected by soil organisms, and its hazardous effects on soil fauna in Cd-contaminated soils remain poorly understood. The individual and combined effects of MP and earthworms (<em>Eisenia fetida</em>) on Cd fractions, soil aggregates, bacterial communities, and Cd in earthworms were investigated in heavily Cd-contaminated soil (total Cd: 27.96 ± 1.19 mg/kg) for 28 d. The results revealed that MP application exerted no effect on soil pH, electrical conductivity (EC), or soil aggregates, and it decreased soil available Cd concentration by converting the exchangeable Cd fraction to stable fractions, with the highest immobilization efficiency of 40.25 %. Earthworm activity is beneficial for the synthesis of &gt;2 mm aggregates, increases the grain size fraction metal loading of &gt;2 mm aggregates, and changes the composition and function of bacterial communities, ultimately increasing the soil exchangeable Cd fraction by 4 %. The co-cultivation of MP and earthworms decreased the soil pH by 0.28–0.30, increased the soil EC by 72.24–98.55 %, and increased the immobilization efficiency of MP on soil Cd by 2.77–12.42 %. Furthermore, 0.2 % MP significantly decreased the Cd concentration in earthworms by 30.96–42.21 % and exerted no effect on the fresh weight of earthworms. Overall, MP and earthworms exerted opposing effects on soil Cd bioavailability individually. Earthworm activity positively affected soil aggregates and MP function, whereas MP decreased Cd accumulation in earthworms.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8099,"journal":{"name":"Applied Soil Ecology","volume":"209 ","pages":"Article 106024"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143592813","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Long-term phosphorus addition enhances the contributions of plant lignin and microbial necromass to soil organic carbon in a rice–wheat rotation","authors":"Zhaoming Chen,&nbsp;Jinchuan Ma,&nbsp;Feng Wang,&nbsp;Junwei Ma,&nbsp;Ping Zou,&nbsp;Wanchun Sun,&nbsp;Qiaogang Yu,&nbsp;Qiang Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.apsoil.2025.106010","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apsoil.2025.106010","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Plant-derived compound (PDC) and microbial necromass carbon (MNC) are the two most important drivers in soil organic carbon (SOC) formation and accrual. Continuous phosphorus (P) addition affects SOC accumulation in paddy soils. However, the underlying mechanisms by which P addition affect the contributions of PDC and MNC to the accrual of SOC remain unclear. Here, a 12-year P addition experiment with four rates (0, 75, 150, and 300 kg P₂O₅ ha⁻² crop season⁻¹) was conducted in paddy soils with rice–wheat rotation. Our findings showed that particulate organic carbon (POC) increased by P addition (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05), but mineral-associated organic carbon (MAOC) was not affected (<em>P &gt;</em> 0.05). P addition enhanced the content and SOC-normalized content of lignin phenols by 40.1–71.8 % and 34.2–49.5 %, respectively, which were coincided with a decrease in lignin degradation. P addition enhanced the MNC content because of higher microbial biomass and lower nitrogen (N) acquisition enzyme activity. Moreover, P addition promoted the MNC contribution to the accrual of SOC, primarily from the increased contribution of fungal necromass carbon (FNC). The decrease in amino sugars to lignin phenols ratio and increase in POC to MAOC ratio implied that P addition might reduce SOC stability and enhance SOC loss potential. Long-term P addition increased bacterial richness but decreased fungal richness compared to that of the control. Moreover, bacterial and fungal richness: biomass ratios significantly reduced by P addition. Random forest and structural equation modelling analysis revealed that fungal richness played a significant role in controlling the contributions of PDC and MNC to SOC in paddy soils. Furthermore, microbial richness: biomass ratio was another non-negligible factor regulating PDC and MNC accumulation. Overall, our findings suggest that long-term P addition increases plant- and microbial-derived compounds but the increase in PDC is greater than in MNC, indicating that plant-derived SOC plays a more key role in SOC sequestration in paddy soils under continuous P addition.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8099,"journal":{"name":"Applied Soil Ecology","volume":"209 ","pages":"Article 106010"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143578187","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thinning increased the contribution of microbial necromass to the soil organic carbon in shelter forests","authors":"Guifang Wang ,&nbsp;Ming Hao ,&nbsp;Wenli Zhu ,&nbsp;Wei Zhao ,&nbsp;Xingjian Dun ,&nbsp;Zixu Zhang ,&nbsp;Qicong Wu ,&nbsp;Peng Gao","doi":"10.1016/j.apsoil.2025.106023","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apsoil.2025.106023","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Thinning is an essential forest management practice that improves the quality and carbon sequestration capacity of shelter forests, and affects the soil organic carbon (SOC) pool mainly by altering understory hydrothermal conditions and litter inputs. The idea that SOC is divided into two pools, plant and microbial, according to where it comes from, has received general attention. The limited quantitative research on microbial necromass carbon (MNC) and plant necromass carbon(PNC) may hinder our understanding of the mechanisms by which thinning affects the soil carbon pool and forest quality in shelter forests. In this study, we selected shelter forests (mainly <em>Quercus acutissima</em> Carruth and <em>Pinus thunbergii</em> Parl) within 5 years of thinning and used two common biomarkers (e.g. amino sugars and lignin phenols) to quantify the relative changes in MNC and PNC under thinning. Moreover, the mantel-test and random forest models were used to further reveal the relationships among the soil physicochemical properties, microbial community, MNC and PNC. Our results indicated that thinning had a similar effect on the soil carbon pools of <em>Pinus thunbergii</em> Parl (PTP) and <em>Quercus acutissima</em> Carruth (QAC) within 5 years, specifically increasing the contents of the fungal necromass carbon of 10.3 % and 7.3 %, and MNC of 9.2 % and 5.8 %, respectively. PNC did not change within 5 years of thinning, but the monomer content of cinnamyl (0.06 g kg⁻¹ and 0.08 g kg⁻¹), vanillyl (0.17 g kg⁻¹ and 0.21 g kg⁻¹) and syringyl (0.10 g kg⁻¹ and 0.08 g kg⁻¹) in PTP and QAC significantly increased with thinning, respectively. Furthermore, the mantel-test and random forest models showed that the MNC and PNC had different drivers. For MNC, the carbon-to‑nitrogen ratio and pH were the dominant factors, while PNC mainly depended on the regulatory effects of the phylum Firmicutes and total phosphorus. In summary, this study suggested that the effect of thinning on soil carbon sequestration capability in shelter forests is mainly mediated by the regulation of MNC accumulation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8099,"journal":{"name":"Applied Soil Ecology","volume":"209 ","pages":"Article 106023"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143592812","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}