Applied Soil Ecology最新文献

{"title":"Effects of nitrogen fertilizer replacement with different sourced-black soldier fly frass on rice growth, physiological characteristics and soil properties","authors":"Yajing Cao ,&nbsp;Nan Wu ,&nbsp;Lijun Shi ,&nbsp;Xiaoyan Xu ,&nbsp;Xiaobo Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.apsoil.2025.105975","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apsoil.2025.105975","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Application of black soldier fly larvae (BSFL) frass had significant effects on crop yield and soil quality. However, the effects of different sourced-frass on crops and soil had been largely unknown. Here, the effects of partial replacement (30 %) of nitrogen fertilizer with different BSFL frass sourced from pig manure (PBF), chicken manure (CBF), and kitchen waste (KBF) on soil properties, rice growth, and physiological functions were investigated. Control groups without nitrogen fertilizer (CK) and with pure chemical fertilizer (CF) were included. Compared with CF, all insect frass treatments increased soil pH. PBF treatment increased soil available nitrogen by 7.68 %, and both PBF and CBF increased available potassium contents by 8.50 %–8.54 %. Applying insect frass did not significantly affect the diversity and structure of soil microbial communities. Compared to CF, PBF enriched carbon-metabolizing phyla such as <em>Chloroflexi</em> (10.35 %) and eutrophic phyla like <em>Actinobacteriota</em> (27.45 %), as well as enriched soil families such as <em>Gemmatimonadaceae</em> and <em>Geminicoccaceae</em>. PBF improved the physiological characteristics in rice compared to CF and increased the photosynthetic rate (21.42 %) and sucrose synthase activity (32.00 %) of rice leaves at the booting stage. Moreover, the seed yield of PBF-treated rice showed a 7.94 % increase over CF, but KBF exhibited significantly lower seed yield compared to CF. In summary, the use of BSFL frass derived from pig manure as a partial substitute for nitrogen fertilizers had the most favorable impact on rice growth and physiological functions, surpassing the effects of purely chemical fertilizers.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8099,"journal":{"name":"Applied Soil Ecology","volume":"208 ","pages":"Article 105975"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143465475","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Loss of protistan diversity weakens soil phosphorus availability","authors":"Zhechang Mei ,&nbsp;Chuanfa Wu ,&nbsp;Shengjing Shi ,&nbsp;Haoqing Zhang ,&nbsp;Zhenke Zhu ,&nbsp;Jianping Chen ,&nbsp;Tida Ge","doi":"10.1016/j.apsoil.2025.105976","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apsoil.2025.105976","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Plants and their associated microbiomes symbiotically regulate the phosphorus(P) availability in rhizosphere soils. However, the impact of protists, a regulator of other microbes (bacteria and fungi) in the soil food webs, on soil P availability is not well-known. we simulate biodiversity loss using dilution-to-extinction method and explore its effects on P availability through a greenhouse experiment. Additionally, we investigate the implications for soil P availability. We noted a substantial reduction in protistan diversity in the diluted treatment relative to the undiluted one, with a peak decrease of 74.5 %. The protistan alpha diversity showed a significant positive correlation with available phosphorus (AP) content and phosphatase (PHOS) activity, suggesting that protistan diversity influences P availability. Additionally, Linear regression analysis revealed that the size and stability of the protistan co-occurrence network were significantly positively correlated with soil AP and PHOS, indicating that the reduction in protistan interactions weakened soil P availability under wheat cultivation. Structural equation model and random forest modeling analysis indicated that protistan network interactions and diversity are the major predictors of AP content and PHOS activity. Dilution modulated the relationship between protistan community and soil P availability. Our findings suggest that the protistan community plays a crucial role in maintaining soil P availability, particularly in monoculture agricultural systems. The study highlights the importance of considering the impacts of protistan diversity loss on ecosystem functions, especially in the context of intensive agricultural practices and climate change.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8099,"journal":{"name":"Applied Soil Ecology","volume":"208 ","pages":"Article 105976"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143465473","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The environmental trade-offs of applying soil amendments: Microbial biomass and greenhouse gas emission dynamics in organic rice paddy soils","authors":"Hendra Gonsalve W. Lasar ,&nbsp;Suman Lamichhane ,&nbsp;Fugen Dou ,&nbsp;Terry Gentry","doi":"10.1016/j.apsoil.2025.105977","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apsoil.2025.105977","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A major challenge of organic rice production is obtaining optimal nutrient levels while maintaining environmental sustainability. Here, we investigated the effects of organic management practices via the application of organic soil amendments on soil microbial biomass and changes in greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in rice paddy, affecting global warming potential (GWP) and greenhouse gas intensity (GHGI). Different N sources: chicken liter pellet (CLP), NatureSafe® (NS), and their mixture (CLP + NS) were amended to rice paddy field at varying N rates: 0, 50, and 150 kg N ha⁻¹. Organic management in rice paddy resulted in a range of outcomes, including variations in soil microbial biomass carbon (C) and nitrogen (N), CO₂ and CH₄ emissions, GWP, and GHGI. A notable increase in microbial biomass was observed in the rice paddy when CLP was applied at 150 kg N ha⁻¹. No significant difference in the cumulative CO₂ emissions was observed across most treatments, except for the treatment with NS applied at 50 kg N ha⁻¹, which emitted significantly less CO₂. Significant positive correlations were identified between different N application rates of organic soil amendments and the soil microbial biomass, the emissions of CO₂ and CH₄, and the GWP rate but negatively correlated with the GHGI. Amending paddy soils with NS at 150 kg N ha⁻¹ significantly enhanced rice yield, thereby offsetting the GHG emissions per unit of production. This study highlights that applying NS at this rate serves as a potential mitigation strategy, achieving both high-yielding rice production and minimizing greenhouse effect.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8099,"journal":{"name":"Applied Soil Ecology","volume":"208 ","pages":"Article 105977"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143465476","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Litter removal and nitrogen deposition alter soil microbial community composition and diversity in a typical rubber (Hevea brasiliensis) plantation of Hainan, China","authors":"Xinxin Xue ,&nbsp;Changqi Ren ,&nbsp;Chunmei Zhao ,&nbsp;Wenbin Wang ,&nbsp;Xuehua Luo ,&nbsp;Yongfa Zhang ,&nbsp;Zhengzao Cha","doi":"10.1016/j.apsoil.2025.105969","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apsoil.2025.105969","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Litter manipulation and nitrogen (N) deposition modify the soil microbial communities owing to the modifications in carbon input and soil nutrient availability. However, the mechanism behind the effects of litter removal (LR), N deposition, and their interactions on the diversity, richness and composition of soil microbial communities in tropical rubber (<em>Hevea brasiliensis</em>) plantation of China remains to be studied. To fill this research gap, we established a simulation field experiment to remove the rubber litter under the different anthropogenic inputs of N in Hainan island in 2019. The experiment included eight treatments: no N deposition (CK), low-N deposition (LN, 5 g N m⁻² yr⁻¹), medium-N deposition (MN, 10 g N m⁻² yr⁻¹) and high-N deposition (HN, 20 g N m⁻² yr⁻¹) with the LR and litter left intact (LI), respectively. Soil samples were collected from the top 0–10 cm layer, and the high-throughput sequencing was conducted to quantify the soil community structure and diversity of bacteria and fungi. Overall, HN treatment considerably diminished the bacterial Shannon index by 7.3 % but elevated the fungal Chao1 index by 18.6 % in the LI soil. Moreover, LR markedly decreased bacterial Chao1 index by 4.2 %, Shannon index by 6.3 %, and fungal Chao1 index by 20.0 % under MN treatment and those of fungi under HN deposition. Structural equation model indicated that increased NO₃⁻-N concentration reduced bacterial Shannon index driven by LR and elevated N deposition, while the LR boosted the activity of cellulase, which resulted in a decrease in fungal Chao1 index. PCoA analysis indicated that N deposition altered the bacterial communities more substantially than fungal communities, whereas LR led to distinct shifts in the bacterial and fungal communities. Furthermore, redundancy analysis indicated that alterations in soil NO₃⁻-N and light fraction organic carbon (LFOC) were the primary factors influencing soil bacterial and fungal community compositions, respectively, which were driven by N deposition and litter manipulation. Conclusively, N deposition strengthened the adverse impact of litter removal on the soil microbial community, which in turn adversely affects the sustainable development of rubber forest ecosystems. These findings suggested that maintaining adequate litter cover and N inputs is essential for rubber plantation management, as it has a positive synergistic effect on the diversity and composition of soil microbial communities.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8099,"journal":{"name":"Applied Soil Ecology","volume":"208 ","pages":"Article 105969"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143453003","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spatial dynamics of soil algae: Insights into abundance, community structure, and ecological roles in mixed biocrusts across China","authors":"Chao Chang ,&nbsp;Li Gao ,&nbsp;Arash Zamyadi ,&nbsp;Hao Wang ,&nbsp;Ming Li","doi":"10.1016/j.apsoil.2025.105974","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apsoil.2025.105974","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Soil algae, encompassing cyanobacteria and eukaryotic microalgae, along with heterotrophic microorganisms, are vital components of the surface soil microbiome. They play a key role in maintaining soil ecosystem balance, enhancing soil health, and supporting ecological restoration. Despite their significance in terrestrial ecosystems, our understanding of soil algal distribution on a continental scale remains limited. In this study, we collected soil algae from mixed crusts in 57 regions across China to investigate their distribution patterns, identify key influencing factors, and assess their impact on soil ecosystem functions using high-throughput sequencing technology and qPCR. Our findings showed that soil cyanobacteria were more abundant than eukaryotic microalgae at all sample sites, with a relative abundance ranging from 77.85 % to 99.99 %. Interestingly, the Shannon diversity of cyanobacteria, green algae, and diatoms decreased from south to north, while their abundance (based on qPCR) increased in the same direction. All types of algal communities exhibited significant distance-decay relationships; however, the estimated distance-decay slopes varied among different algal types. Canonical principal coordinate analysis revealed significant differences in the community composition of soil cyanobacteria and green algae across climatic zones, accounting for 10.9 % and 11.8 % of the variation, respectively. Random forest analysis indicated that climatic factors (including MAT and MAP) are the main predictors of soil algal diversity, while edaphic factors (soil pH, VP, TP, and TN) influence their abundance. Moreover, variance partitioning analysis suggested that purely environmental factors explained more variation than dispersal limitation in soil algal communities. Structural equation modeling indicated a significant positive correlation between the diversity and abundance of cyanobacteria, green algae, and diatoms, and ecosystem multifunctionality, with both biotic and abiotic factors accounting for 17 % to 24 % of the variation in soil multifunctionality. Overall, our study highlights the biogeographical characteristics of soil algae and their roles in soil ecosystem functions. Future research should further explore the presence and functions of soil algae in different soil ecosystems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8099,"journal":{"name":"Applied Soil Ecology","volume":"208 ","pages":"Article 105974"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143445768","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Soil-dependent fate of Klebsiella pneumoniae and Listeria monocytogenes after incorporation of digestates in soil microcosms","authors":"Sophie Michel-Le Roux ,&nbsp;Christine Ziebal ,&nbsp;Gaëtan Pinsard ,&nbsp;Sophie Sadet-Bourgeteau ,&nbsp;Anaïs Oliva ,&nbsp;Pascal Piveteau","doi":"10.1016/j.apsoil.2025.105965","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apsoil.2025.105965","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Digestates are valuable by-products of anaerobic digestion. They can be used as fertilisers/soil improvers in agriculture. We collected six digestates from anaerobic digestors fed with biomass of diverse origins and analysed the occurrence of the process indicator bacteria <em>E. coli</em> and the three pathogens <em>Salmonella enterica</em>, <em>Klebsiella pneumoniae sensu lato</em> (<em>Klebsiella pneumoniae</em> Species Complex, KpSC) and <em>Listeria monocytogenes</em> (Lm). <em>Salmonella enterica</em> was absent in all digestates. Low copy numbers of KpSC were PCR detected in all digestates. In digestate SMS, <em>E. coli</em> was present at low concentration (50 CFU/g), and <em>K. pneumoniae sensu stricto</em> (Kp) along with Lm were detected and isolated after selective enrichment. We designed microcosm experiments to investigate the fate of these pathogens following the application of the digestates to three soils with contrasting edaphic characteristics. After 42 days incubation, <em>S. enterica</em> was not detected in any microcosms, and <em>E. coli</em> was found only in microcosms with silty clay loam soil supplemented with SMS digestate. The frequency of molecular detection of KpSC varied, while Lm was PCR detected only once in the silty clay loam soil supplemented with SMS digestate. Further experiments with artificially contaminated digestate demonstrated that the fate of Kp and Lm was dependent on soil type and that their detection duration correlated with their initial concentration in the digestate. Additionally, we explored an integrated statistical analysis framework to uncover the relationship between soil microbial diversity and the occurrence of KpSC. This last analysis highlighted both the potential of microbial communities to act as natural barrier against pathogens, and the complexity of microbial community dynamics affecting the pathogen's presence.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8099,"journal":{"name":"Applied Soil Ecology","volume":"208 ","pages":"Article 105965"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143445771","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mixed eucalyptus plantations in southern subtropical China effectively stabilized the rhizosphere-associated bacterial network and facilitated soil ecological function","authors":"Yahui Lan ,&nbsp;Han Zhang ,&nbsp;Yaqin He ,&nbsp;Chenyang Jiang ,&nbsp;Jiazhen Deng ,&nbsp;Shaoming Ye","doi":"10.1016/j.apsoil.2025.105963","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apsoil.2025.105963","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>With the simultaneous reduction in the amount of nitrogen (N) fertilizer required in commercial stands, mixed eucalyptus/legume plantations are highly suitable for sustainable development. However, in forest ecosystems, information on the mechanisms underlying the improvement in soil ecosystem function and changes in rhizosphere-associated bacterial communities driven by management measures involving N application and mixed plantations simultaneously is limited. We assessed the effects of fertilizer regime (0, 70, 140, and 210 kg N hm⁻²) and planting pattern (pure plantation or mixed plantation) on soil characteristics and rhizobacterial communities after 6.5 years of field experiments in southern subtropical China. We found that under N application and mixed plantation, the pH value, organic carbon, total N, NO₃⁻-N, NH₄⁺-N, and microbial biomass carbon (MBC) of rhizosphere soil increased considerably. The mixed plantation favored an increase in the microbial biomass nitrogen (MBN) content and a decrease in the MBC/MBN ratio at the medium N (MN) level (140 kg N hm⁻²). Urese activity and bacterial α diversity (Chao1 and Shannon indices) also presented the highest values at the MN level, and their values decreased at the high N level (210 kg N hm⁻²). Nevertheless, neither N application nor planting pattern significantly affected bacterial α diversity. Overall, the rhizosphere-associated bacterial co-occurrence network exhibited higher values of clustering and modularity due to the MN application and mixed plantation, which also facilitated soil fertility and soil ecosystem function. According to structural equation modeling, soil fertility, soil enzyme activity, and co-occurrence network modularity had stronger total effects on rhizosphere bacterial α diversity when driven by the planting pattern than when driven by N application. These findings provide valuable insights into forest management practices to enhance soil ecological function and promote sustainable management in industrial forests.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8099,"journal":{"name":"Applied Soil Ecology","volume":"208 ","pages":"Article 105963"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143437725","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microbial inoculants drive disease suppression and rhizosphere modulation for effective management of pepper phytophthora blight","authors":"Muye Xiao ,&nbsp;Xuchen Liu ,&nbsp;Xiaozhong Wang ,&nbsp;Wencai Lu ,&nbsp;Tong Zhang ,&nbsp;Yuheng Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.apsoil.2025.105971","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apsoil.2025.105971","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Peppers (<em>Capsicum annuum</em> L.) are globally important vegetable crops, yet their production is often compromised by diseases like pepper Phytophthora blight (PPB). Microbial inoculants offer a promising strategy to enhance plant growth and prevent pathogen invasion by establishing diverse core microbial communities in the rhizosphere. This study investigated the efficacy of microbial inoculants, particularly <em>Bacillus subtilis</em> and <em>Trichoderma harzianum</em>, in controlling PPB and enhancing pepper growth under both greenhouse and field conditions. Both individual and combined applications of <em>B. subtilis</em> and <em>T. harzianum</em> significantly suppressed PPB and improved pepper yield. Furthermore, we assessed how these inoculants influenced soil microbial diversity and community structure, identifying key components of the soil microbiome that contribute to disease suppression. The observed suppression of pathogens and promotion of growth were primarily associated with the recruitment of beneficial microbial groups, such as <em>Agromyces</em>, <em>Nocardiopsis</em>, <em>MND1</em>, <em>Gaiella</em>, <em>Iamia</em>, <em>Massilia</em>, <em>Micromonospora</em>, <em>Fusarium</em>, <em>Gibberella</em>, and <em>Gibellulopsis</em>. These findings suggest that microbial inoculants, particularly in combination, can effectively manage PPB and enhance crop productivity through modulation of the rhizosphere microbiome. This study provides valuable insights into the application of microbial inoculants for sustainable pepper production and disease management.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8099,"journal":{"name":"Applied Soil Ecology","volume":"208 ","pages":"Article 105971"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143445767","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Straw amendment induced contrasting net carbon balance in subtropical paddy and adjacent upland soils","authors":"Ping Zhou ,&nbsp;Xue Li ,&nbsp;Jiaxin Lai ,&nbsp;Xiaobin Guo ,&nbsp;Jinshui Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.apsoil.2025.105959","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apsoil.2025.105959","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Soil organic carbon (SOC) sequestration in agricultural fields is of vital importance to mitigate climate change. Straw amendment is a promising practice for improving SOC sequestration through direct input of organic materials. Subtropical paddy soils have higher SOC levels than upland soils, but whether or not the decomposition of straw C and the net soil C balance contribute to higher SOC levels in paddy soils remains unknown. Here, two typical subtropical paddy soils derived from highly weathered granite and quaternary red clay, as well as adjacent upland soils, were incubated at 25 °C and 45 % water holding capacity for 180 days. Two treatments of soil alone (Control) and soil with straw amendment (M) were conducted. About 18–21 % of straw C evolved as CO₂ in paddy soils, which was significantly lower than in upland soils (23–28 %). Additionally, straw amendment induced weaker priming effect (PE) in paddy (5–9 %) than in upland (17–37 %) soils. However, more straw C was incorporated into SOC in paddy (29–33 %) than in upland (26–29 %) soils. Consequently, straw C led to a positive net C balance in paddy soils (from 128 to 372 mg C kg⁻¹), but a negative net C balance in upland soils (from −313 to −111 mg C kg⁻¹). The straw C incorporated into SOC was distributed mainly in the humus C, Fe/Al–SOC, particulate organic C fractions, and macro-aggregates (2000–250 μm),with higher proportions of 14–15 %, 17–24 %, 15–21 %, and 10–13 % in paddy than those of 11–13 %, 13–18 %, 9–17 %, and 3–7 % in upland soils, respectively. Straw amendment to subtropical paddy soils may offset the SOC losses and result in net SOC sequestration via the reduction of substrate mineralization, weaker PE, and stronger physicochemical protection of SOC than in upland soils. On the contrary, straw amendment to subtropical upland soils is not conducive to SOC sequestration. This study highlights the contrasting roles of straw decomposition in subtropical paddy and upland soils. It suggests that straw amendment is a reasonable management practice to improve net SOC accumulation in paddy soils, but this practice may not be suitable in upland soils.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8099,"journal":{"name":"Applied Soil Ecology","volume":"207 ","pages":"Article 105959"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143429164","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Long-term nitrogen and phosphorus fertilization improved crop yield by influencing rhizosphere nitrogen transformation processes","authors":"Chunxiao Wu ,&nbsp;Furong Wei ,&nbsp;Benshuai Yan ,&nbsp;Guobin Liu ,&nbsp;Guoliang Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.apsoil.2025.105968","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apsoil.2025.105968","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Soil nitrogen (N) transformation plays a crucial role in enhancing farmland productivity. However, the impacts of long-term N and phosphorus (P) fertilization on soil N transformation and crop yield in farmland remain unclear. This study investigated the mechanisms by which crop root exudates, microbial N function genes, and soil N transformation characteristics influenced crop yield under different N and P fertilization regimes over 26 years. The results revealed that long-term N and P fertilization significantly increased millet root exudates and soil nutrient contents. Specifically, dicarboxylic acid exudates, total N, and ammonium N prominently affected the composition of microbial N function genes. Moreover, N and P fertilization markedly increased the abundance of genes responsible for soil N fixation and nitrification. The abundance of soil nitrification (<em>amoA1</em>, <em>amoA2</em>, and <em>nxrA</em>) and ammonification (<em>ureC</em>) functional genes substantially influenced soil nitrification and N mineralization rates. Enhanced soil N transformation rates facilitated N uptake of millet, and crop yield increased with the increasing of soil N transformation rates and nitrification genes abundance. Essentially, long-term N and P fertilization increased crop yield mainly by enhancing the root organic acid exudates, increasing the abundance of functional genes such as <em>amoA2</em>, <em>nxrA</em>, and <em>ureC</em>, and elevating soil available N content. This study emphasizes the importance of the rhizosphere N transformation process for the sustainable agricultural development of the Loess Plateau region.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8099,"journal":{"name":"Applied Soil Ecology","volume":"208 ","pages":"Article 105968"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143429409","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}