Amplification effects of AM fungus and rhizobacteria on carbon efficiency in wheat-soil system under drought stress via priming rhizosphere activities

IF 5 2区农林科学 Q1 SOIL SCIENCE

Applied Soil Ecology Pub Date : 2025-09-27 DOI:10.1016/j.apsoil.2025.106467

Muhammad Maqsood Ur Rehman , Ling Zhao , Sidra Khattak , Yun-Li Xiao , Awais Iqbal , Wasim Khan , Muhammad Abrar , Zheng-Guo Cheng , Shi-Sheng Li , Asfa Batool , Ying Zhu , You-Cai Xiong

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Background

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) are essential for improving crop yield and drought adaptation. Yet, their combined potential to increase carbon efficiency remains unexplored.

Methods

To address this issue, a growth environment-controlled experiment was conducted to investigate the synergetic impacts of Rhizophagus irregularis (strain GSICC 63801) and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens (strain GSICC 32826) on carbon efficiency in the wheat-soil system under the well-watered (WW; 80 % field water capacity, FWC), moderate water stress (MWS; 50 % FWC), and severe water stress (SWS; 35 % FWC), synergized with machine learning.

Results

The data indicated that the joint AMF-PGPR inoculation showed significantly stronger soil carbon sequestration than the sole inoculation (n = 3, p < 0.05), which became more evident along with drought stress intensity. AMF-PGPR co-inoculation significantly improved soil organic carbon by 5.42 % under SWS compared to CK (non-inoculation) due to a significant increase in microbial biomass carbon, particulate organic carbon, easily oxidizable carbon, and dissolved organic carbon. AMF-PGPR co-inoculation significantly enhanced the activities of key carbon sequestering enzymes (Xylosidase, β-Glucosidase, and cellobiohydrolase), with increasing abundance of microbial communities, compared with the sole inoculation and CK. The AMF-PGPR combination improved carbon emission efficiency, CO₂ assimilation, and net carbon balance despite increased soil respiration. Increasing water use efficiency ultimately enhances wheat grain yield, particularly under SWS. Also, gradient boosting machine (MSE = 0.12, R² = 0.99 training, R² = 0.88 testing) outperformed random forest regression (MSE = 0.14, R² = 0.95 training, R² = 0.80 testing) in predicting SOC, validated by structural equation modeling (R² = 0.86).

Conclusion

These results position the AMF-PGPR combination as a green solution to improve carbon efficiency in the wheat-soil system.

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干旱胁迫下AM真菌和根瘤菌对小麦-土壤系统碳效率的放大效应

丛枝菌根真菌（AMF）和促进植物生长的根瘤菌（PGPR）对提高作物产量和适应干旱至关重要。然而，它们提高碳效率的综合潜力仍未得到探索。方法为解决这一问题，通过生长环境控制试验，研究了在水分充足（WW； 80%田间水量，FWC）、中度水分胁迫（MWS; 50% FWC）和重度水分胁迫（SWS; 35% FWC）的协同作用下，非常规食根菌（GSICC 63801）和解淀粉芽孢杆菌（GSICC 32826）对小麦-土壤系统碳效率的影响，并结合机器学习进行了研究。结果AMF-PGPR联合接种对土壤固碳效果显著强于单独接种（n = 3, p < 0.05），且随着干旱胁迫强度的增加，固碳效果更加明显。AMF-PGPR共接种可显著提高SWS下土壤有机碳含量，其微生物量碳、颗粒有机碳、易氧化碳和易溶解有机碳含量显著高于CK（未接种），显著提高土壤有机碳含量5.42%。与单独接种和对照相比，AMF-PGPR共接种显著提高了关键固碳酶（木糖苷酶、β-葡萄糖苷酶和纤维素生物水解酶）的活性，微生物群落丰度增加。AMF-PGPR组合虽然增加了土壤呼吸，但提高了碳排放效率、CO2同化和净碳平衡。提高水分利用效率最终会提高小麦产量，特别是在SWS条件下。此外，梯度增强机（MSE = 0.12，训练时R2 = 0.99，测试时R2 = 0.88）在预测SOC方面优于随机森林回归（MSE = 0.14，训练时R2 = 0.95，测试时R2 = 0.80），并通过结构方程模型（R2 = 0.86）进行验证。结论AMF-PGPR组合是提高小麦-土壤系统碳效率的绿色解决方案。

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来源期刊

Applied Soil Ecology 农林科学-土壤科学

CiteScore

9.70

自引率

4.20%

发文量

363

审稿时长

5.3 months

期刊介绍： Applied Soil Ecology addresses the role of soil organisms and their interactions in relation to: sustainability and productivity, nutrient cycling and other soil processes, the maintenance of soil functions, the impact of human activities on soil ecosystems and bio(techno)logical control of soil-inhabiting pests, diseases and weeds.