{"title":"Honey bees are more vulnerable to amitraz under organophosphate insecticide exposure","authors":"Mojtaba Esmaeily, Tekalign Begna, Delgermaa Ulziibayar, Chuleui Jung","doi":"10.1007/s13592-026-01285-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13592-026-01285-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Honey bees (<i>Apis mellifera</i>) play a critical role in pollination and agricultural productivity, contributing significantly to global food security and ecosystem stability. However, their populations are increasingly threatened by multiple stressors, and pesticide exposure, especially from agricultural insecticides and in-hive acaricides, has become a major concern due to its potentially low lethal and synergistic effects on bee health. This study investigates the potential synergistic effects of two organophosphate insecticides, dimethoate and chlorpyrifos, when combined with amitraz, a widely used acaricide for <i>Varroa destructor</i> control. Acute oral toxicity assays revealed that dimethoate exhibited the highest toxicity (LC₅<sub>0</sub> = 2.6 ppm), followed by chlorpyrifos (56.3 ppm) and amitraz (432.3 ppm). Co-exposure to organophosphates and amitraz significantly reduced survival compared to single-compound treatments, with the most pronounced effect observed in the A<sub>10</sub>D<sub>30</sub> treatment group. To understand the underlying physiological effects, we analyzed the expression of key detoxification (<i>Am-CYP1</i>, <i>Am-CYP2</i>, <i>Am-CYP3</i>, <i>Am-GST</i>) and oxidative stress-related genes (<i>Am-Cat</i>, <i>Am-SOD</i>), as well as <i>Am-Vg</i>. Vitellogenin expression was significantly suppressed at 24 h post-exposure (<i>F</i> = 19.271, <i>p</i> < 0.001), particularly under mixture treatments, while stress-response genes (<i>Am-Cat</i> and <i>Am-SOD</i>) were consistently downregulated. In contrast, co-exposure induced significant upregulation of detoxification-related genes, including <i>Am-CYP2</i>, <i>Am-CYP3</i>, and <i>Am-GST</i> (<i>p</i> < 0.01 in several treatments). These findings highlight the compounded risk posed by pesticide mixtures and emphasize the importance of conducting integrative risk assessments that consider realistic, multi-chemical exposure scenarios encountered by foraging bees.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8078,"journal":{"name":"Apidologie","volume":"57 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s13592-026-01285-1.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148380910","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ApidologiePub Date : 2026-06-30DOI: 10.1007/s13592-026-01280-6
Lauren S. Peters, Byron N. Van Nest
{"title":"Cold anesthesia in honey bee (Apis mellifera) research: risks and reporting gaps","authors":"Lauren S. Peters, Byron N. Van Nest","doi":"10.1007/s13592-026-01280-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13592-026-01280-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Cold anesthesia, as used in honey bee research, is often considered a safe alternative to carbon dioxide. Yet evidence in the literature shows this assumption is only partly justified. Early work demonstrated effects on behaviors such as hoarding and learning, while more recent studies report impacts on neuromodulators, memory consolidation, and locomotion. Although often nonlethal, these effects can alter physiology and behavior in ways relevant to experimental outcomes. Despite calls for greater methodological transparency, reporting of cooling protocols remains inconsistent. A review of historical and recent literature shows that although cold anesthesia is nearly ubiquitous, duration, temperature, and handling details are frequently omitted in published methods, precluding replication and complicating interpretation. While some studies indicate recovery within an hour after cooling, insect physiology research highlights risks of neural or muscular injury. Taken together, these findings suggest that anesthetic handling may be an underappreciated source of variation in contemporary studies of honey bee cognition and behavior.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8078,"journal":{"name":"Apidologie","volume":"57 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13320092/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148374325","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ApidologiePub Date : 2026-06-30DOI: 10.1007/s13592-026-01286-0
Carlos A. Martínez-Martínez, Herbeson O. J. Martins, Daniela A. Torres-Garcia, Isabel Alves-dos-Santos
{"title":"A week in the life of the crepuscular bee: Ptiloglossa pretiosa (Friese, 1898)","authors":"Carlos A. Martínez-Martínez, Herbeson O. J. Martins, Daniela A. Torres-Garcia, Isabel Alves-dos-Santos","doi":"10.1007/s13592-026-01286-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13592-026-01286-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>We described the foraging behavior, nest architecture, and the influence of abiotic factors in <i>Ptiloglossa pretiosa</i>, from a fragment of Atlantic Rainforest in southeastern Brazil. Females showed a bimodal activity pattern, with a primary peak at dawn and a shorter period at dusk. The number and duration of trips with and without pollen loads did not differ significantly. Soil was predominantly composed of clay, and nests consisted of a straight main tunnel with lateral branches and brood cells provisioned with liquid pollen–nectar mixtures. Light intensity and humidity significantly predicted foraging frequency. These results reveal a combination of traits widely shared within Diphaglossinae, as well as unique aspects of the natural history of this species.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8078,"journal":{"name":"Apidologie","volume":"57 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s13592-026-01286-0.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148380909","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ApidologiePub Date : 2026-06-29DOI: 10.1007/s13592-026-01271-7
Loganathan R., Sachin S. Suroshe, Vireesha P., Subramanian S., Kumaranag K. M., Nagendra Kumar, P. R. Shashank, Eere Vidya Madhuri, Jagadam Sai Rupali
{"title":"Geographical expansion of the small hive beetle (Aethina tumida Murray) on Apis spp. in India","authors":"Loganathan R., Sachin S. Suroshe, Vireesha P., Subramanian S., Kumaranag K. M., Nagendra Kumar, P. R. Shashank, Eere Vidya Madhuri, Jagadam Sai Rupali","doi":"10.1007/s13592-026-01271-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13592-026-01271-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The invasive small hive beetle (SHB) (<i>Aethina tumida</i> Murray) has been extending its geographical range globally. It was first reported from West Bengal, India, in 2022 and has further spread to the states of Andhra Pradesh and Assam. Despite the invasiveness of SHB, its origin remained unexplored, and little is known about its distribution and effects on the bee colonies. The present study summarizes a possible single introduction event of SHB to India from Bangladesh and its occurrence and spread to other Indian states of Bihar, Uttar Pradesh, and Jharkhand. Initial infestation was noted in Muzaffarpur district, Bihar, in October 2023, with subsequent spread to neighboring states. A total of 4, 575 bee colonies were surveyed, of which 1119 <i>Apis mellifera</i> L. and 16 <i>A. cerana</i> F. colonies were infested. Bihar had a significantly higher infestation rate than Jharkhand and Uttar Pradesh. The phylogenetic analysis revealed that the SHB from India clustered within a single sub-clade, indicating the absence of genetic variation. Both adults and grubs significantly weakened the colonies by reducing the bee population. The severity of infestation mostly occurred from July to November. Migratory beekeeping was identified as a major factor in SHB spread, with seasonal movements across Bihar and neighboring states accelerating its spread. Beekeepers employed various control measures, including sulfur, thymol, boric acid and cultural practices like hive cleaning, which reduced beetle numbers but did not achieve eradication. This highlights the urgent need for systematic monitoring and regulation of migratory beekeeping, along with the development of integrated management strategies to prevent further spread.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8078,"journal":{"name":"Apidologie","volume":"57 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148380799","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ApidologiePub Date : 2026-06-26DOI: 10.1007/s13592-026-01253-9
Laura I. Durán-Casas, Ligia Estela Urrego-Giraldo, Eduardo Posada-Silva, Marco A. Prado-Gutierrez, Víctor M. Solarte-Cabrera, Juliana Hernández-Álvarez
{"title":"Pollen resources of two stingless bee species (Apidae: Meliponini) in disturbed tropical Andean forests: selectivity in generalist foraging","authors":"Laura I. Durán-Casas, Ligia Estela Urrego-Giraldo, Eduardo Posada-Silva, Marco A. Prado-Gutierrez, Víctor M. Solarte-Cabrera, Juliana Hernández-Álvarez","doi":"10.1007/s13592-026-01253-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13592-026-01253-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p> Stingless bees from Andean ecosystems exhibit selective foraging over a diverse array of floral resources. A few studies have examined how their selection of pollen resources changes with varying degrees of habitat disturbance in forest environments. The pollen species composition of honey and stored pollen pots from managed hives of <i>Tetragonisca angustula</i> and <i>Melipona costaricensis</i> was monthly recorded over 15 months. Hives were located in three vegetation covers: secondary forests, fallows, and crop fields. Additionally, pollen from corbicula loads was also sampled during three distinct periods. For both bee species, colonies located in crop fields yielded the fewest samples for palynological analysis and exhibited the lowest proportion of pollen from arboreal sources. Each bee species demonstrated differentiated pollen selection among the monthly available flowers. The highest abundance of palynomorphs selected by <i>M. costaricensis</i> came from nectar and pollen-producing tree genera, such as <i>Miconia</i>, <i>Vochysia</i>, <i>Cupania</i>, <i>Clethra</i>, and <i>Myrcia</i>, as well as the herb, <i>Mimosa pudica</i>. This contrasts with the selection made by <i>T. angustula</i>, which primarily derives from pollen-producing flowers of arboreal, shrubby, and herbaceous species, including <i>Pourouma</i>, <i>Phyllanthus</i>,<i> Hedyosmum</i>, <i>Rhynchospora</i>, and <i>Scleria</i>. Consistent selection for nectar- and pollen-rewarding tree flowers by <i>M. costaricensis</i> suggests a more specialized diet than <i>T. angustula</i>, indicating greater vulnerability of <i>M. costaricensis</i> colonies to small-scale forest ecosystem degradation.\u0000</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8078,"journal":{"name":"Apidologie","volume":"57 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s13592-026-01253-9.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148323853","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ApidologiePub Date : 2026-06-24DOI: 10.1007/s13592-026-01284-2
Matej Planý, Ľubica Rajčáková, Radoslav Židek
{"title":"Mitogenomic analysis of Slovak Carniolan honey bees reveals C-lineage affiliation and regional mitochondrial variation","authors":"Matej Planý, Ľubica Rajčáková, Radoslav Židek","doi":"10.1007/s13592-026-01284-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13592-026-01284-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The Carniolan honey bee (<i>Apis mellifera carnica</i>) represents a key subspecies in Central European apiculture and is the only officially recognized honey bee subspecies in Slovakia. In this study, we performed a complete mitogenomic analysis of eight honey bee colonies, all originating from officially registered Carniolan breeding lines with one exception originating from a non-selected colony from a relatively isolated apiary (“wild”). Phylogenetic analysis based on whole mitogenome alignment placed all Slovak samples within the C evolutionary lineage, clustering closely with <i>A. m. carnica</i> reference sequences. Analysis of the tRNA-Leu–COX2 intergenic region and in silico DraI restriction confirmed their affiliation with the C1/C1a haplotype group. Sequence comparison and BLASTn analysis revealed three distinct haplotypes among the eight Slovak samples: one predominant variant shared by five lines (wild, Sitňanka, Košičanka, Júlia, and Carnica Sokol), a second shared by two lines (Vojničanka and Tatranka), and a third represented by a single unique (singleton) haplotype (Šahanka). These results are consistent with the placement of Slovak Carniolan honey bees within the Southeast European lineage C and their affiliation with the C1/C1a haplotype group, while also revealing region-specific mitochondrial variants that may reflect natural diversification within managed breeding lines.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8078,"journal":{"name":"Apidologie","volume":"57 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s13592-026-01284-2.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148323835","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ApidologiePub Date : 2026-06-22DOI: 10.1007/s13592-026-01287-z
Mary Ellen dos Reis Diniz, María Virginia Chirilá, Adriana Aranda-Rickert, Mariana Allasino, Franco Andrada, Andrea E. Arcángel, Luciano Cagnolo, María Victoria Campanella, Natacha P. Chacoff, Stella Giannoni, Silvia B. Lomáscolo, Nancy V. Marinero, Hugo J. Marrero, Lucía C. Martínez, M. Florencia Miguel, María Paula Pascual Tudanca, Guadalupe Peralta, Patricio J. Pereyra, Leandro D. Rojo, Micaela Santos, Andrés Tálamo, Juan Pablo Torretta, Diego P. Vázquez
{"title":"Drivers of brood parasitism in solitary bees across a South American dryland ecoregion","authors":"Mary Ellen dos Reis Diniz, María Virginia Chirilá, Adriana Aranda-Rickert, Mariana Allasino, Franco Andrada, Andrea E. Arcángel, Luciano Cagnolo, María Victoria Campanella, Natacha P. Chacoff, Stella Giannoni, Silvia B. Lomáscolo, Nancy V. Marinero, Hugo J. Marrero, Lucía C. Martínez, M. Florencia Miguel, María Paula Pascual Tudanca, Guadalupe Peralta, Patricio J. Pereyra, Leandro D. Rojo, Micaela Santos, Andrés Tálamo, Juan Pablo Torretta, Diego P. Vázquez","doi":"10.1007/s13592-026-01287-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13592-026-01287-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Wild bees are parasitized by a variety of organisms, including those that attack brood cells within nests. Brood parasitism reduces reproductive output by increasing offspring mortality, with potential impacts on the persistence of bee populations. Understanding the biotic and abiotic drivers of parasitism in solitary bees becomes crucial under current anthropogenic environmental changes. We evaluated how nest and brood cell abundance, climate, and latitude drive brood parasitism in cavity-nesting solitary bee communities across a broad environmental gradient in the Monte Desert of Argentina. Parasitism rates at the community level increased with decreasing total nest and brood cell abundance and temperature. Across the gradient, parasitism decreased with increasing latitude. The overall parasitism rate was mainly determined by the prevalence of parasitized nests rather than by parasitism intensity within those nests, suggesting that parasitism pressure depends more on the likelihood of hosts being parasitized than on the extent of infestation within each parasitized nest.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8078,"journal":{"name":"Apidologie","volume":"57 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s13592-026-01287-z.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148323341","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Pests and pathogens of honey bees in Latin America: brief historical revision, current status, and remaining challenges","authors":"Belén Branchiccela, Patricia Aldea-Sánchez, Nolberto Arismendi, Daniela Arredondo, Marina Basualdo, Natalia Bulacio-Cagnolo, Melisa Garrido, Ciro Invernizzi, Martin Porrini, Alejandra Scannapieco, Nayeli Almazán, Adriana Correa-Benitez, Agostina Giacobino, Silvia Martínez, Adriana Cecilia Pacini, Eleazar Pérez Castro, Francisco José Reynaldi, Marisol Vargas, Itzel Vasquez, Karina Antúnez","doi":"10.1007/s13592-026-01274-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13592-026-01274-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Latin America (LATAM) harbors extraordinary biodiversity and sustains 14% of global agricultural production, with pollinators playing a key role. Although 6000 native bee species are known in the region, the introduced honey bee <i>Apis mellifera</i> is the most managed, with eight million colonies producing 70,000 tons of honey annually. However, large-scale honey bee colony losses have been reported in different countries, with the infection by different pests and pathogens recognized as one of the main drivers of losses. Here, we compiled the current knowledge on honey bee health in LATAM, explored the socioeconomic factors influencing data availability, and proposed collaborative strategies to generate comprehensive, up-to-date information to strengthen beekeeping sustainability across the region.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8078,"journal":{"name":"Apidologie","volume":"57 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148323339","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ApidologiePub Date : 2026-06-22DOI: 10.1007/s13592-026-01281-5
Mateo Fernandez de Landa, Giulia Angelica Mitton, Paloma Moran Giardini, Enzo Dominguez, Matias Daniel Maggi, Natalia Damiani
{"title":"Combined quercetin and plant-protein multivitamin supplementation improves honey bee (Apis mellifera) tolerance to oxalic acid exposure","authors":"Mateo Fernandez de Landa, Giulia Angelica Mitton, Paloma Moran Giardini, Enzo Dominguez, Matias Daniel Maggi, Natalia Damiani","doi":"10.1007/s13592-026-01281-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13592-026-01281-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><i>Varroa destructor</i> is a major contributor to colony mortality, and oxalic acid (OA) is one of the most commonly used organic acaricides for its control. Despite its efficacy, OA can exert sublethal toxicity in honey bees. Quercetin, a dietary flavonoid abundant in natural food sources, may enhance antioxidant and detoxification responses. This study evaluated whether quercetin supplementation improves survival and physiological responses in honey bees orally exposed to OA (0.15% w/w) under different nutritional conditions. Bioassays were conducted to assess survival rate, the enzymatic activity of glutathione S-transferase (GST) and catalase (CAT), and lipid peroxidation levels. Quercetin administered together with a commercial plant-protein multivitamin supplement improved survival in honey bees orally exposed to OA and significantly increased GST and CAT activity, without altering lipid peroxidation. These findings suggest that the combined supplementation of quercetin and a multivitamin complex can mitigate OA-induced stress and may support nutritional strategies to promote honey bee health during the varroosis control.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8078,"journal":{"name":"Apidologie","volume":"57 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148323340","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ApidologiePub Date : 2026-06-22DOI: 10.1007/s13592-026-01272-6
Esteban Poveda-Proaño, Raul Ontaneda-Gallegos, Emilia A. Moreno-Coellar, Alvaro Barragan
{"title":"First evidence of kleptoparasitism by Cissites maculata (Coleoptera: Meloidae) on Xylocopa lachnea (Hymenoptera: Apidae) in Central Ecuador","authors":"Esteban Poveda-Proaño, Raul Ontaneda-Gallegos, Emilia A. Moreno-Coellar, Alvaro Barragan","doi":"10.1007/s13592-026-01272-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13592-026-01272-6","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8078,"journal":{"name":"Apidologie","volume":"57 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148323338","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}