Annals of Surgical Treatment and Research最新文献

{"title":"Long-term outcomes of single-port laparoscopic hepatectomy for hepatocellular carcinoma: a retrospective comparative analysis.","authors":"Chang Ho Seo, Ho Joong Choi, Young Kyoung You","doi":"10.4174/astr.2024.106.6.354","DOIUrl":"10.4174/astr.2024.106.6.354","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Numerous efforts have been made to achieve minimally invasive surgery, such as single-port laparoscopic surgery. However, few studies have provided long-term follow-up information, and the number of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in previous studies has been small. The purpose in this study is to compare the long-term oncological outcomes of HCC patients who underwent single-port laparoscopic hepatectomy (SPLH) with those of patients who underwent multiport laparoscopic hepatectomy (MPLH).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 135 patients with HCC who underwent laparoscopic liver between January 2008 and December 2018. Of the 135 patients, 53 underwent MPLH, and 82 underwent SPLH.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>From January 2008 to December 2018, 135 patients underwent laparoscopic hepatectomy for HCC. Among them, 82 patients underwent SPLH, and 53 patients underwent MPLH. Neither long-term overall survival (P = 0.849) nor recurrence-free survival (P = 0.057) differed significantly between the 2 groups, even though the recurrence rate was higher in the SPLH group. In the univariable analysis of risk factors for recurrence, multiple tumors, SPLH method, and portal vein invasion were statistically significant (P < 0.05). Multivariable analysis showed that the SPLH method and portal vein invasion were independent adverse prognostic factors for recurrence-free survival.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In terms of both short-term and long-term outcomes, the SPLH method seems to be a feasible approach for HCC in select patients. Because the potential risk of margin recurrence might produce poor oncological outcomes, strict patient selection is essential to ensure that an adequate safety margin can be secured.</p>","PeriodicalId":8071,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Surgical Treatment and Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11164656/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141309514","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"CORRIGENDUM: Correction of the ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS (Fund/Grant Support). Epigenetic modulation inhibits epithelial-mesenchymal transition-driven fibrogenesis and enhances characteristics of chemically-derived hepatic progenitors.","authors":"Michael Adisasmita, Hyomin K Lee, Yohan An, Myounghoi Kim, Michael Girma Mamo, Junho K Hur, Dongho Choi, Ji Hyun Shin, Yun Kyung Jung","doi":"10.4174/astr.2024.106.6.370","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4174/astr.2024.106.6.370","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>[This corrects the article on p. 274 in vol. 106, PMID: 38725803.].</p>","PeriodicalId":8071,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Surgical Treatment and Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11164665/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141312729","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characteristics of pantaloon inguinal hernia and evaluation of added laparoscopic iliopubic tract repair to transabdominal preperitoneal hernioplasty: a retrospective observational study.","authors":"Sung Ryul Lee","doi":"10.4174/astr.2024.106.6.361","DOIUrl":"10.4174/astr.2024.106.6.361","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Pantaloon hernia (PH), defined as concurrent ipsilateral direct and indirect inguinal hernias, is known for its high postoperative recurrence rate. This study retrospectively investigated the characteristics of PHs and evaluated the safety and efficacy of incorporating laparoscopic iliopubic tract repair (IPTR) into transabdominal preperitoneal (TAPP) hernioplasty.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 3,355 patients who underwent TAPP hernioplasty for groin hernias between October 2014 and December 2021 were analyzed. These patients were divided into 2 groups: PH (97 patients) and non-PH (3,258 patients). The PH group was further subdivided based on the surgical technique used: TAPP hernioplasty without IPTR (TAPP group, 39 patients) and TAPP hernioplasty with IPTR for defect closure (TAPP + IPTR group, 58 patients).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The study included 93 male and 4 female patients with PH. Patients with PH were generally older and predominantly male compared to the non-PH group. The recurrence rate in the PH group was notably higher than in the non-PH group (2.1% [2 of 97] <i>vs.</i> 0.2% [6 of 3,258], respectively; P = 0.007). Among the PH group, reoperations were more frequent in the TAPP group compared to the TAPP + IPTR group (10.3% [4 of 39] <i>vs.</i> 0% [0 of 58], respectively; P = 0.048). The reasons for reoperation in the PH group included recurrences (2 patients), mesh bulge (1 patient), and chronic seroma (1 patient).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>TAPP + IPTR hernioplasty is an acceptable approach in PH treatment, reducing reoperation.</p>","PeriodicalId":8071,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Surgical Treatment and Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11164662/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141309510","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Robotic surgeries in pediatric patients: an early experience in a single center.","authors":"Ye-Chan Jeong, Ayoung Kang, Da-Young Ko, Joong-Kee Youn, Hyun-Young Kim","doi":"10.4174/astr.2024.106.6.322","DOIUrl":"10.4174/astr.2024.106.6.322","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Robotic surgery (RS) has the advantages of 3-dimensional view, optical magnification, motional scaling, and improved ergonomics and degree of freedom. Although RS has widely been performed on pediatric patients lately, there are still numerous restrictions and ambiguous indications. The purpose of this study was to report our early experience with RS on pediatric patients at a single center.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Electronic medical records of patients who underwent RS with the da Vinci Xi surgical platform (Intuitive Surgical, Inc.) in Seoul National University Children Hospital from November 2019 to August 2021 were reviewed retrospectively. The median follow-up was 21.0 months (range, 12.3-31.8 months). An online survey was conducted to investigate satisfaction with robotic surgical scars.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Fifty-four patients underwent robotic surgeries (median age at operation, 11.1 years [range, 0.1-17.8 years]). In our hospital, patients had 20 different kinds of robotic surgeries, including choledochal cyst excision with hepaticojejunostomy, ovarian mass excision, and others. Median operation time and console time were 157.5 minutes (range, 45-505 minutes) and 40 minutes (range, 11-360 minutes), respectively. All cases were done without conversion into open or laparoscopic methods. Postoperative complications were found in 5 patients. According to an online survey, over half of patients (60.9%) answered that they felt satisfied with scars.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our early experience demonstrated the safety and feasibility of RS in children with a range of diagnoses and complicated procedures. With more experience, RS could be an alternative to traditional open or laparoscopic operations in pediatric patients. Further studies are needed to clarify indications of pediatric RS.</p>","PeriodicalId":8071,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Surgical Treatment and Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11164661/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141309882","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lymphedema after regional nodal irradiation for breast cancer: a retrospective cohort study.","authors":"Ji Sun Park, Young Suk Kim, Hee Yeon Kim, Yunseon Choi","doi":"10.4174/astr.2024.106.6.337","DOIUrl":"10.4174/astr.2024.106.6.337","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>We aimed to analyze the occurrence of lymphedema as a side effect in patients who underwent regional nodal irradiation (RNI) following surgery for breast cancer.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective study was conducted on patients with breast cancer who underwent surgery from July 2014 to October 2020 at Inje University Busan Paik Hospital. The analysis included 113 cT1-3N1-3M0 breast cancer patients who underwent RNI as part of radiotherapy (RT). Mostly, surgeries were performed using breast-conserving surgery (n = 99, 87.6%), except for 14 patients with modified radical mastectomy. The total RT dose for RNI was 45-60 Gy, and the fraction size was 1.8-2.0 Gy. Most patients underwent chemotherapy (n = 98, 86.7%), including taxanes (n = 92, 81.4%).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The median follow-up was 61.1 months (range, 5.0-110.5 months). Lymphedema occurred in 54 patients (47.8%) after surgery. Twenty of them (17.7%) developed a new onset of lymphedema after RT, while 34 (30.1%) detected lymphedema before the completion of RT. Over the follow-up, 16 patients (14.2%) experienced recurrence. High radiation dose (>50.4 Gy) for RNI (P = 0.003) and taxane use (P = 0.038) were related to lymphedema occurrence after RT. Moreover, lymphedema occurrence after RT was also related to recurrence after surgical resection (P = 0.026). Breast-conserving surgery was related to early-onset lymphedema before the completion of RT (P = 0.047). Furthermore, the degree of lymph node dissection (≤4) was related to the overall occurrence of lymphedema (P = 0.045).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Considering a reduction in RNI dose may be beneficial in mitigating the incidence of lymphedema after RT in patients with breast cancer.</p>","PeriodicalId":8071,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Surgical Treatment and Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11164658/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141309881","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison between intermittent claudication <i>versus</i> chronic limb-threatening ischemia in peripheral arterial disease: a retrospective multicenter cohort study.","authors":"Hye Young Woo, Jin Hyun Joh, Jin Mo Kang, Young Sun Yoo, Taeseung Lee, Sanghyun Ahn","doi":"10.4174/astr.2024.106.6.344","DOIUrl":"10.4174/astr.2024.106.6.344","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The anatomical distribution, characteristics of lesions, and treatment modalities for peripheral artery disease (PAD) are diverse. Endovascular intervention is popular for symptomatic PAD, for both intermittent claudication (IC) and chronic limb-threatening ischemia (CLTI). We aimed to investigate the endovascular devices used by comparing patients with PAD referred for endovascular revascularization with IC and CLTI.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We identified 736 patients with PAD enrolled in the multicenter PAD registry in South Korea from 2019 to 2022. Of these patients, 636 received endovascular treatment at the time of this study. After excluding missing data, we analyzed 506 patients with IC or CLTI. Patients' characteristics, target lesions, and endovascular device data such as type, length, balloon diameter, and stent, were examined. Procedure outcomes of the aortoiliac, femoropopliteal, and below-the-knee lesions were analyzed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Patients with CLTI were more likely to have diabetes mellitus, below-the-knee interventions, and multilevel PAD than the IC group. Patients with IC had more aortoiliac artery lesions and underwent atherectomies than the CLTI group (63.3% and 61.1% <i>vs.</i> 39.7% and 40.6%, respectively; P < 0.001). In patients with femoropopliteal lesions, those with CLTI were more revascularized with stents than the patients with IC, without significant differences (35.3% <i>vs.</i> 29.1%, P = 0.161). Compared to the IC group, the CLTI patients showed significantly worse rates of primary patency, amputation, and mortality (P = 0.029, P < 0.001, and P < 0.001, respectively).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Among Korean patients with PAD, there is a significant difference in baseline and lesion characteristics, endovascular strategies, and short-term follow-up outcomes among those with IC and CLTI.</p>","PeriodicalId":8071,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Surgical Treatment and Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11164664/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141309512","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"CORRIGENDUM: Correction of the corresponding author's affiliation. Multiple drug coated balloons can be used effectively for peripheral arterial disease including long femoropopliteal lesions.","authors":"Wongong Chu, Dong Hyun Kim, Sukyung Kwon, Je-Hyung Park, Hyuk Jae Jung, Sang Su Lee","doi":"10.4174/astr.2024.106.6.369","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4174/astr.2024.106.6.369","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>[This corrects the article on p. 120 in vol. 101, PMID: 34386461.].</p>","PeriodicalId":8071,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Surgical Treatment and Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11164663/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141312730","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sarcopenia diagnosis in patients with colorectal cancer: a review of computed tomography-based assessments and emerging ways to enhance practicality.","authors":"Hye Jung Cho, Jeonghyun Kang","doi":"10.4174/astr.2024.106.6.305","DOIUrl":"10.4174/astr.2024.106.6.305","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Traditionally, cancer treatment has focused on the stages of the disease; however, recent studies have highlighted the importance of considering the overall health status of patients in the prognosis of cancer. Loss of skeletal muscle, known as sarcopenia, has been found to significantly affect outcomes in many different types of cancers, including colorectal cancer. In this review, we discuss the guidelines for diagnosing sarcopenia, with a specific focus on CT-based assessments. Many groups worldwide, including those in Europe and Asia, have introduced their own diagnostic guidelines for sarcopenia. Seemingly similar yet subtle discrepancies, particularly in the cutoff values used, limit the use of these guidelines in the general population, warranting a more universal guideline. Although CT-based measurements, such as skeletal muscle index and radiodensity, have shown promise in predicting outcomes, the lack of standardized values in these measurements hinders their universal adoption. To overcome these limitations, innovative approaches are being developed to assess changes in muscle mass trajectories and introduce new indices, such as skeletal and appendicular muscle gauges. Additionally, machine learning models have shown superior performance in predicting sarcopenic status, providing an alternative to CT-based diagnosis, particularly after surgery. CT has tremendous benefits and a significant role in visually as well as quantitatively retrieving information on patient body composition. In order to compensate for the limitation of standard cutoff value, 3-dimensional analysis of the CT, artificial intelligence-based body composition analysis, as well as machine learning algorithms for data interpretation and analysis have been proposed and are being utilized. In conclusion, despite the varying definitions of sarcopenia, CT-based measurements coupled with machine-learning models are promising for evaluating patients with cancer. Standardization efforts can improve diagnostic accuracy, reduce the reliance on CT examinations, and make sarcopenia assessments more accessible in clinical settings.</p>","PeriodicalId":8071,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Surgical Treatment and Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11164660/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141309883","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Food passage following proximal gastrectomy with double-tract reconstruction and its effect on nutritional status in early gastric cancer: a prospective single-center cohort study.","authors":"Ji Yeon Park, Ki Bum Park, Seung Soo Lee, Ho Young Chung, Shin Young Jeong, Sang-Woo Lee, Oh Kyoung Kwon","doi":"10.4174/astr.2024.106.6.313","DOIUrl":"10.4174/astr.2024.106.6.313","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Laparoscopic proximal gastrectomy with double-tract reconstruction (LPG-DTR) expectedly results in improved nutritional status and less body weight loss than conventional total gastrectomy in upper-third gastric cancer. This study aimed to investigate the food passage patterns following LPG-DTR and its effect on nutritional outcomes up to 1 year after surgery.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This prospective cohort study recruited 10 patients with early gastric cancer scheduled for LPG-DTR. Nutritional indices and body composition were assessed every 3 months up to 12 months. Liquid and solid food transits were evaluated with fluoroscopic upper gastrointestinal study and radionuclide scintigraphy, respectively.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>At 12 months, patients exhibited a body weight loss of 14.5% ± 3.6%. The main passage routes for liquid and solid foods differed, primarily via the interposed jejunum for liquids, whereas via both tracts for solids. The median half-life of solid food emptying from the remnant distal stomach was 105.1 minutes (range, 50.8-2,194.2 minutes), and duodenal passage of solid food was noted in 9 of 10 patients. Those with gastric half-emptying time >3 hours demonstrated greater weight loss (19.5% ± 1.4% <i>vs.</i> 12.5% ± 1.1%, P = 0.024) and more pronounced reduction in serum albumin levels (-0.5 ± 0.3 g/dL <i>vs.</i> 0.0 ± 0.2 g/dL, P = 0.024) after 12 months.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>LPG-DTR demonstrated varying food passage patterns depending on the food contents and delayed solid food emptying from the remnant stomach was associated with more substantial weight loss.</p>","PeriodicalId":8071,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Surgical Treatment and Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11164659/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141309513","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"<i>CTLA4</i> expression profiles and their association with clinical outcomes of breast cancer: a systemic review.","authors":"TongYi Jin, Kyoung Sik Park, Sang Eun Nam, Seung Hwan Lim, Jong Hyun Kim, Woo Chul Noh, Young Bum Yoo, Won Seo Park, Ik Jin Yun","doi":"10.4174/astr.2024.106.5.263","DOIUrl":"10.4174/astr.2024.106.5.263","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (<i>CTLA4</i>) is involved in the progression of various cancers, but its biological roles in breast cancer (BRCA) remain unclear. Therefore, we performed a systematic multiomic analysis to expound on the prognostic value and underlying mechanism of <i>CTLA4</i> in BRCA.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We assessed the effect of <i>CTLA4</i> expression on BRCA using a variety of bioinformatics platforms, including Oncomine, GEPIA, UALCAN, PrognoScan database, Kaplan-Meier plotter, and R2: Kaplan-Meier scanner.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong><i>CTLA4</i> was highly expressed in BRCA tumor tissue compared to normal tissue (P < 0.01). The <i>CTLA4</i> messenger RNA levels in BRCA based on BRCA subtypes of Luminal, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2, and triple-negative BRCA were considerably higher than in normal tissues (P < 0.001). However, the overexpression of <i>CTLA4</i> was associated with a better prognosis in BRCA (P < 0.001) and was correlated with clinicopathological characteristics including age, T stage, estrogen receptors, progesterone receptors, and prediction analysis of microarray 50 (P < 0.01). The infiltration of multiple immune cells was associated with increased <i>CTLA4</i> expression in BRCA (P < 0.001). <i>CTLA4</i> was highly enriched in antigen binding, immunoglobulin complexes, lymphocyte-mediated immunity, and cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study provides suggestive evidence of the prognostic role of <i>CTLA4</i> in BRCA, which may be a therapeutic target for BRCA. Furthermore, <i>CTLA4</i> may influence BRCA prognosis through antigen binding, immunoglobulin complexes, lymphocyte-mediated immunity, and cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction. These findings help us understand how <i>CTLA4</i> plays a role in BRCA and set the stage for more research.</p>","PeriodicalId":8071,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Surgical Treatment and Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11076949/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140897044","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}