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Annual review of medicine最新文献

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The Genetic Basis of Sudden Cardiac Death: From Diagnosis to Emerging Genetic Therapies. 心脏性猝死的遗传基础：从诊断到新兴基因疗法》。
IF 15.1 1区 医学
Annual review of medicine Pub Date : 2024-11-05 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-med-042423-042903
Enya Dewars, Andrew Landstrom
{"title":"The Genetic Basis of Sudden Cardiac Death: From Diagnosis to Emerging Genetic Therapies.","authors":"Enya Dewars, Andrew Landstrom","doi":"10.1146/annurev-med-042423-042903","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-med-042423-042903","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Sudden cardiac death (SCD) is an abrupt, tragic manifestation of a number of cardiovascular diseases, primarily ion channelopathies and heritable cardiomyopathies. Because these diseases are heritable, genetics play a key role in the diagnosis and management of SCD-predisposing diseases. Historically, genetics have been used to confirm a diagnosis and identify at-risk family members, but a deeper understanding of the genetic causes of SCD could pave the way for individualized therapy, early risk detection, and a transformative shift toward genetically informed therapies. This review focuses on the evolving genetic landscape of SCD-predisposing diseases, the current state of gene therapy and therapeutic development, and the promise of using predictive genetics to identify individuals at risk of SCD.</p>","PeriodicalId":8056,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":15.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142581175","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Contemporary Management of Acute Ischemic Stroke. 急性缺血性脑卒中的当代管理。
IF 15.1 1区 医学
Annual review of medicine Pub Date : 2024-11-04 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-med-050823-094312
James P Ho, William J Powers
{"title":"Contemporary Management of Acute Ischemic Stroke.","authors":"James P Ho, William J Powers","doi":"10.1146/annurev-med-050823-094312","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-med-050823-094312","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In the past decade, adding mechanical thrombectomy (MT) of intracranial arterial occlusions to intravenous (IV) thrombolysis has revolutionized the treatment of acute ischemic stroke (AIS) by expanding the therapeutic window to 24 h. Treatment decisions require establishing a high probability of AIS; confirming time since last known well (LKW); assessing severity of the neurological deficit; determining any contraindications to IV thrombolysis; and performing neuroimaging, usually noncontrast computed tomography (NCCT), to exclude intracerebral hemorrhage. If time since LKW is less than 4.5 h, patients with disabling stroke without contraindications can proceed immediately to IV thrombolysis while the decision about MT is under way. For some patients, the MT decision can be made on the basis of clinical assessment, NCCT, and CT angiography showing a large vessel occlusion. Others may require additional neuroimaging. Patients who are not candidates for IV thrombolysis within 4.5 h or MT should be immediately evaluated for eligibility for extended-window IV thrombolysis or early antiplatelet treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":8056,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":15.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142574881","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
New Approaches to the Treatment of Hypercortisolism. 治疗皮质醇过多症的新方法。
IF 15.1 1区 医学
Annual review of medicine Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-med-071723-044849
Riccardo Pofi, Dario De Alcubierre, Jiawen Dong, Jeremy W Tomlinson
{"title":"New Approaches to the Treatment of Hypercortisolism.","authors":"Riccardo Pofi, Dario De Alcubierre, Jiawen Dong, Jeremy W Tomlinson","doi":"10.1146/annurev-med-071723-044849","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-med-071723-044849","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This review explores the evolving landscape of treatments for hypercortisolism, highlighting both established and emerging therapies. Although surgery remains the cornerstone of management, medical therapies play a crucial and expanding role, especially in cases of persistent, recurrent, or severe hypercortisolism. We discuss the effectiveness and limitations of steroidogenesis inhibitors, pituitary-directed drugs, glucocorticoid receptor antagonists, and experimental drugs targeting novel molecular pathways that have been implicated in the pathogenesis of hypercortisolism. Despite advancements, significant unmet needs persist, underscoring the importance of personalized treatment approaches and the development of targeted therapies. Ongoing and future clinical trials are crucial for validating the safety and efficacy of these innovative treatments in Cushing disease management.</p>","PeriodicalId":8056,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":15.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142562583","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Global Elimination of Hepatitis C Virus. 全球消除丙型肝炎病毒。
IF 15.1 1区 医学
Annual review of medicine Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-med-050223-111239
Rachael L Fleurence, Harvey J Alter, Francis S Collins, John W Ward
{"title":"Global Elimination of Hepatitis C Virus.","authors":"Rachael L Fleurence, Harvey J Alter, Francis S Collins, John W Ward","doi":"10.1146/annurev-med-050223-111239","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-med-050223-111239","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is predominantly transmitted through parenteral exposures to infectious blood or body fluids. In 2019, approximately 58 million people worldwide were still infected with HCV, and 290,000 deaths occurred due to hepatitis C-related conditions, despite hepatitis C being curable. There are substantial barriers to elimination, including the lack of widespread point-of-care diagnostics, cost of treatment, stigma associated with hepatitis C, and challenges in reaching marginalized populations, such as people who inject drugs. The World Health Organization (WHO) has set goals to eliminate hepatitis C by 2030. Several countries, including Australia, Egypt, Georgia, and Rwanda, have made remarkable progress toward hepatitis C elimination. In the United States, the Biden-Harris administration recently issued a plan for the national elimination of hepatitis C. Global progress has been uneven, however, and will need to accelerate considerably to reach the WHO's 2030 goals. Nevertheless, the global elimination of hepatitis C is within reach and should remain a high public health priority.</p>","PeriodicalId":8056,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":15.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142562582","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Novel Antigens and Clinical Updates in Membranous Nephropathy. 膜性肾病的新型抗原和临床更新。
IF 10.5 1区 医学
Annual review of medicine Pub Date : 2024-01-29 Epub Date: 2023-08-08 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-med-050522-034537
Rupali Avasare, Nicole Andeen, Laurence Beck
{"title":"Novel Antigens and Clinical Updates in Membranous Nephropathy.","authors":"Rupali Avasare, Nicole Andeen, Laurence Beck","doi":"10.1146/annurev-med-050522-034537","DOIUrl":"10.1146/annurev-med-050522-034537","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Membranous nephropathy (MN), an autoimmune kidney disease and leading cause of nephrotic syndrome, leads to kidney failure in up to one-third of affected individuals. Most MN cases are due to an autoimmune reaction against the phospholipase A2 receptor (PLA2R) located on kidney podocytes. Serum PLA2R antibody quantification is now part of routine clinical practice because antibody titers correlate with disease activity and treatment response. Recent advances in target antigen detection have led to the discovery of more than 20 other podocyte antigens, yet the clinical impact of additional antigen detection remains unknown and is under active investigation. Here we review recent findings and hypothesize how current research will inform future care of patients with MN.</p>","PeriodicalId":8056,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":10.5,"publicationDate":"2024-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9959868","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
High-Sensitivity Cardiac Troponin Assays: Ready for Prime Time! 高灵敏度心肌肌钙蛋白测定：准备就绪！
IF 10.5 1区 医学
Annual review of medicine Pub Date : 2024-01-29 Epub Date: 2023-09-18 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-med-051022-113931
Konstantin A Krychtiuk, L Kristin Newby
{"title":"High-Sensitivity Cardiac Troponin Assays: Ready for Prime Time!","authors":"Konstantin A Krychtiuk, L Kristin Newby","doi":"10.1146/annurev-med-051022-113931","DOIUrl":"10.1146/annurev-med-051022-113931","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Rapid and accurate triage of patients presenting with chest pain to an emergency department (ED) is critical to prevent ED overcrowding and unnecessary resource use in individuals at low risk of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and to efficiently and effectively guide patients at high risk to definite therapy. The use of biomarkers for rule-out or rule-in of suspected AMI has evolved substantially over the last several decades. Previously well-established biomarkers have been replaced by cardiac troponin (cTn). High-sensitivity cTn (hs-cTn) assays represent the newest generation of cTn assays and offer tremendous advantages, including improved sensitivity and precision. Still, implementation of these assays in the United States lags behind several other areas of the world. Within this educational review, we discuss the evolution of biomarker testing for detection of myocardial injury, address the specifics of hs-cTn assays and their recommended use within triage algorithms, and highlight potential challenges in their use. Ultimately, we focus on implementation strategies for hs-cTn assays, as they are now clearly ready for prime time.</p>","PeriodicalId":8056,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":10.5,"publicationDate":"2024-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10362031","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Novel Therapeutic and Program-Based Approaches to Opioid Use Disorders. 阿片类药物使用障碍的新的治疗和基于程序的方法。
IF 10.5 1区 医学
Annual review of medicine Pub Date : 2024-01-29 Epub Date: 2023-10-12 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-med-050522-033924
Patricia Liu, P Todd Korthuis, Bradley M Buchheit
{"title":"Novel Therapeutic and Program-Based Approaches to Opioid Use Disorders.","authors":"Patricia Liu, P Todd Korthuis, Bradley M Buchheit","doi":"10.1146/annurev-med-050522-033924","DOIUrl":"10.1146/annurev-med-050522-033924","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Opioid use disorder continues to drive overdose deaths in many countries, including the United States. Illicit fentanyl and its analogues have emerged as key contributors to the complications and mortality associated with opioid use disorder. Medications for opioid use disorder treatment, such as methadone and buprenorphine, are safe and substantially reduce opioid use, infectious complications, and mortality risk, but remain underutilized. Polysubstance use and emerging substances such as xylazine and designer benzodiazepines create additional treatment challenges. Recent clinical and policy innovations in treatment delivery, including telemedicine, bridge clinics, and expanded models for accessing methadone have the potential to increase access to life-saving care for people living with opioid use disorder.</p>","PeriodicalId":8056,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":10.5,"publicationDate":"2024-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41189360","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Multi-Cancer Early Detection: The New Frontier in Cancer Early Detection. 多癌早期检测：癌症早期检测的新前沿。
IF 10.5 1区 医学
Annual review of medicine Pub Date : 2024-01-29 Epub Date: 2023-09-20 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-med-050522-033624
Carmen E Guerra, Prateek V Sharma, Brenda S Castillo
{"title":"Multi-Cancer Early Detection: The New Frontier in Cancer Early Detection.","authors":"Carmen E Guerra, Prateek V Sharma, Brenda S Castillo","doi":"10.1146/annurev-med-050522-033624","DOIUrl":"10.1146/annurev-med-050522-033624","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The new generation of cancer early detection tests holds remarkable promise for revolutionizing and changing the paradigm of cancer early detection. Dozens of cancer early detection tests are being developed and evaluated. Some are already commercialized and available for use, most as a complement to and not in place of existing recommended cancer screening tests. This review evaluates existing single- and multi-cancer early detection tests (MCEDs), discussing their performance characteristics including sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values, and accuracy. It also critically looks at the potential harms that could result from these tests, including false positive and negative results, the risk of overdiagnosis and overtreatment, psychological and economic harms, and the risk of widening cancer inequities. We also review the large-scale, population-based studies that are being launched in the United States and United Kingdom to determine the impact of MCEDs on clinically relevant outcomes and implications for current practice.</p>","PeriodicalId":8056,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":10.5,"publicationDate":"2024-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41098572","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Complex Congenital Heart Disease in the Adult. 成人复杂先天性心脏病。
IF 10.5 1区 医学
Annual review of medicine Pub Date : 2024-01-29 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-med-050922-052324
Sarah A Goldstein, Richard A Krasuski
{"title":"Complex Congenital Heart Disease in the Adult.","authors":"Sarah A Goldstein, Richard A Krasuski","doi":"10.1146/annurev-med-050922-052324","DOIUrl":"10.1146/annurev-med-050922-052324","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Congenital heart disease (CHD), a heterogeneous group of structural abnormalities of the cardiovascular system, is the most frequent cause of severe birth defects. Related to improved pediatric outcomes, there are now more adults living with CHD, including complex lesions, than children. Adults with CHD are at high risk for complications related to their underlying anatomy and past surgical palliative interventions. Adults with CHD require close monitoring and proactive management strategies to improve outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":8056,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":10.5,"publicationDate":"2024-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139575199","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Spectrum of Diabetic Neuropathy: New Insights in Diagnosis and Treatment. 糖尿病神经病变的范围：诊断和治疗的新见解》（Spectrum of Diabetic Neuropathy: New Insights in Diagnosis and Treatment）。
IF 10.5 1区 医学
Annual review of medicine Pub Date : 2024-01-29 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-med-043021-033114
Brendan R Dillon, Lynn Ang, Rodica Pop-Busui
{"title":"Spectrum of Diabetic Neuropathy: New Insights in Diagnosis and Treatment.","authors":"Brendan R Dillon, Lynn Ang, Rodica Pop-Busui","doi":"10.1146/annurev-med-043021-033114","DOIUrl":"10.1146/annurev-med-043021-033114","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Diabetic neuropathy is a highly prevalent complication of diabetes. It consists of a broad range of neuropathic conditions, such as distal symmetric polyneuropathy and various forms of autonomic neuropathies involving the cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, and urogenital systems. Prevention or diagnosis in early stages of disease is crucial to prevent symptomatic onset and progression, particularly in the absence of current disease-modifying therapies. In this review, we describe the four main types of diabetic neuropathy. We review current understanding with respect to diagnosis and treatment while highlighting knowledge gaps and future directions.</p>","PeriodicalId":8056,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":10.5,"publicationDate":"2024-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139575245","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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