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Annual review of medicine最新文献

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All the Tau We Cannot See. 所有我们看不见的Tau。
IF 10.5 1区 医学
Annual review of medicine Pub Date : 2023-01-27 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-med-042921-023749
Bradley Hyman
{"title":"All the Tau We Cannot See.","authors":"Bradley Hyman","doi":"10.1146/annurev-med-042921-023749","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-med-042921-023749","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Alzheimer's disease (AD) was described in 1906 as a dementing disease marked by the presence of two types of fibrillar aggregates in the brain: neurofibrillary tangles and senile plaques. The process of aggregation and formation of the aggregates has been a major focus of investigation ever since the discoveries that the tau protein is the predominant protein in tangles and amyloid β is the predominant protein in plaques. The idea that smaller, oligomeric species of amyloid may also be bioactive has now been clearly established. This review examines the possibility that soluble, nonfibrillar, bioactive forms of tau-the \"tau we cannot see\"-comprise a dominant driver of neurodegeneration in AD.</p>","PeriodicalId":8056,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of medicine","volume":"74 ","pages":"503-514"},"PeriodicalIF":10.5,"publicationDate":"2023-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9553455","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 9
Lessons Learned from the ISCHEMIA Trial for the Management of Patients with Stable Ischemic Heart Disease. 稳定性缺血性心脏病患者缺血试验的经验教训
IF 10.5 1区 医学
Annual review of medicine Pub Date : 2023-01-27 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-med-042921-124013
William E Boden, Peter H Stone
{"title":"Lessons Learned from the ISCHEMIA Trial for the Management of Patients with Stable Ischemic Heart Disease.","authors":"William E Boden,&nbsp;Peter H Stone","doi":"10.1146/annurev-med-042921-124013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-med-042921-124013","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The recent landmark International Study of Comparative Health Effectiveness With Medical and Invasive Approaches (ISCHEMIA) trial was undertaken to assess whether stable angina patients with moderate to severe baseline ischemia would benefit from an invasive approach with revascularization versus a conservative approach of intensive lifestyle intervention and pharmacologic secondary prevention. This trial addressed the hypothesis that treating ischemia with an invasive approach would reduce major adverse cardiac events more than a noninvasive pharmacologic and lifestyle approach. ISCHEMIA is discussed in detail, along with current implications for contemporary management of this very common cardiac disorder afflicting millions of patients worldwide.</p>","PeriodicalId":8056,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of medicine","volume":"74 ","pages":"189-198"},"PeriodicalIF":10.5,"publicationDate":"2023-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10672313","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Advances and Applications of Polygenic Scores for Coronary Artery Disease. 冠状动脉疾病多基因评分的进展及应用。
IF 10.5 1区 医学
Annual review of medicine Pub Date : 2023-01-27 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-med-042921-112629
Aniruddh P Patel, Amit V Khera
{"title":"Advances and Applications of Polygenic Scores for Coronary Artery Disease.","authors":"Aniruddh P Patel,&nbsp;Amit V Khera","doi":"10.1146/annurev-med-042921-112629","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-med-042921-112629","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Polygenic scores quantify inherited risk by integrating information from many common sites of DNA variation into a single number. Rapid increases in the scale of genetic association studies and new statistical algorithms have enabled development of polygenic scores that meaningfully measure-as early as birth-risk of coronary artery disease. These newer-generation polygenic scores identify up to 8% of the population with triple the normal risk based on genetic variation alone, and these individuals cannot be identified on the basis of family history or clinical risk factors alone. For those identified with increased genetic risk, evidence supports risk reduction with at least two interventions, adherence to a healthy lifestyle and cholesterol-lowering therapies, that can substantially reduce risk. Alongside considerable enthusiasm for the potential of polygenic risk estimation to enable a new era of preventive clinical medicine is recognition of a need for ongoing research into how best to ensure equitable performance across diverse ancestries, how and in whom to assess the scores in clinical practice, as well as randomized trials to confirm clinical utility.</p>","PeriodicalId":8056,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of medicine","volume":"74 ","pages":"141-154"},"PeriodicalIF":10.5,"publicationDate":"2023-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9226620","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 9
COVID-19 Vaccines: Adenoviral Vectors. COVID-19 疫苗：腺病毒载体。
IF 15.1 1区 医学
Annual review of medicine Pub Date : 2022-01-27 Epub Date: 2021-10-05 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-med-012621-102252
Catherine Jacob-Dolan, Dan H Barouch
{"title":"COVID-19 Vaccines: Adenoviral Vectors.","authors":"Catherine Jacob-Dolan, Dan H Barouch","doi":"10.1146/annurev-med-012621-102252","DOIUrl":"10.1146/annurev-med-012621-102252","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The worldwide pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has led to the unprecedented pace of development of multiple vaccines. This review evaluates how adenovirus (Ad) vector platforms have been leveraged in response to this pandemic. Ad vectors have been used in the past for vaccines against other viruses, most notably HIV and Ebola, but they never have been produced, distributed, or administered to humans at such a large scale. Several different serotypes of Ads encoding SARS-CoV-2 Spike have been tested and found to be efficacious against COVID-19. As vaccine rollouts continue and the number of people receiving these vaccines increases, we will continue to learn about this vaccine platform for COVID-19 prevention and control.</p>","PeriodicalId":8056,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of medicine","volume":"73 ","pages":"41-54"},"PeriodicalIF":15.1,"publicationDate":"2022-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8795482/pdf/nihms-1755378.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9180070","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
What Has the Undiagnosed Diseases Network Taught Us About the Clinical Applications of Genomic Testing? 未确诊疾病网络在基因组检测的临床应用方面给了我们哪些启示？
IF 10.5 1区 医学
Annual review of medicine Pub Date : 2022-01-27 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-med-042120-014904
David R Murdock, Jill A Rosenfeld, Brendan Lee
{"title":"What Has the Undiagnosed Diseases Network Taught Us About the Clinical Applications of Genomic Testing?","authors":"David R Murdock, Jill A Rosenfeld, Brendan Lee","doi":"10.1146/annurev-med-042120-014904","DOIUrl":"10.1146/annurev-med-042120-014904","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Genetic testing has undergone a revolution in the last decade, particularly with the advent of next-generation sequencing and its associated reductions in costs and increases in efficiencies. The Undiagnosed Diseases Network (UDN) has been a leader in the application of such genomic testing for rare disease diagnosis. This review discusses the current state of genomic testing performed within the UDN, with a focus on the strengths and limitations of whole-exome and whole-genome sequencing in clinical diagnostics and the importance of ongoing data reanalysis. The role of emerging technologies such as RNA and long-read sequencing to further improve diagnostic rates in the UDN is also described. This review concludes with a discussion of the challenges faced in insurance coverage of comprehensive genomic testing as well as the opportunities for a larger role of testing in clinical medicine.</p>","PeriodicalId":8056,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of medicine","volume":"73 ","pages":"575-585"},"PeriodicalIF":10.5,"publicationDate":"2022-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10874501/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9830671","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction: Mechanisms and Treatment Strategies. 保留射血分数的心力衰竭:机制和治疗策略。
IF 10.5 1区 医学
Annual review of medicine Pub Date : 2022-01-27 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-med-042220-022745
Kazunori Omote, Frederik H Verbrugge, Barry A Borlaug
{"title":"Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction: Mechanisms and Treatment Strategies.","authors":"Kazunori Omote,&nbsp;Frederik H Verbrugge,&nbsp;Barry A Borlaug","doi":"10.1146/annurev-med-042220-022745","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-med-042220-022745","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Approximately half of all patients with heart failure (HF) have a preserved ejection fraction, and the prevalence is growing rapidly given the aging population in many countries and the rising prevalence of obesity, diabetes, and hypertension. Functional capacity and quality of life are severely impaired in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF), and morbidity and mortality are high. In striking contrast to HF with reduced ejection fraction, there are few effective treatments currently identified for HFpEF, and these are limited to decongestion by diuretics, promotion of a healthy active lifestyle, and management of comorbidities. Improved phenotyping of subgroups within the overall HFpEF population might enhance individualization of treatment. This review focuses on the current understanding of the pathophysiologic mechanisms underlying HFpEF and treatment strategies for this complex syndrome.</p>","PeriodicalId":8056,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of medicine","volume":"73 ","pages":"321-337"},"PeriodicalIF":10.5,"publicationDate":"2022-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9002335/pdf/nihms-1795479.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9180064","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 30
Organoid Models for Infectious Disease. 传染病的类器官模型。
IF 10.5 1区 医学
Annual review of medicine Pub Date : 2022-01-27 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-med-042320-023055
Sarah E Blutt, Mary K Estes
{"title":"Organoid Models for Infectious Disease.","authors":"Sarah E Blutt,&nbsp;Mary K Estes","doi":"10.1146/annurev-med-042320-023055","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-med-042320-023055","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Infectious diseases affect individual health and have widespread societal impacts. New ex vivo models are critical to understand pathogenesis, host response, and features necessary to develop preventive and therapeutic treatments. Pluripotent and tissue stem cell-derived organoids provide new tools for the study of human infections. Organoid models recapitulate many characteristics of in vivo disease and are providing new insights into human respiratory, gastrointestinal, and neuronal host-microbe interactions. Increasing culture complexity by adding the stroma, interorgan communication, and the microbiome will improve the use of organoids as models for infection. Organoid cultures provide a platform with the capability to improve human health related to infectious diseases.</p>","PeriodicalId":8056,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of medicine","volume":"73 ","pages":"167-182"},"PeriodicalIF":10.5,"publicationDate":"2022-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8887824/pdf/nihms-1779067.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9566656","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 15
Enteroviruses and Type 1 Diabetes: Multiple Mechanisms and Factors? 肠病毒与1型糖尿病:多重机制和因素?
IF 10.5 1区 医学
Annual review of medicine Pub Date : 2022-01-27 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-med-042320-015952
Richard E Lloyd, Manasi Tamhankar, Åke Lernmark
{"title":"Enteroviruses and Type 1 Diabetes: Multiple Mechanisms and Factors?","authors":"Richard E Lloyd,&nbsp;Manasi Tamhankar,&nbsp;Åke Lernmark","doi":"10.1146/annurev-med-042320-015952","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-med-042320-015952","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by insulin deficiency and resultant hyperglycemia. Complex interactions of genetic and environmental factors trigger the onset of autoimmune mechanisms responsible for development of autoimmunity to β cell antigens and subsequent development of T1D. A potential role of virus infections has long been hypothesized, and growing evidence continues to implicate enteroviruses as the most probable triggering viruses. Recent studies have strengthened the association between enteroviruses and development of autoimmunity in T1D patients, potentially through persistent infections. Enterovirus infections may contribute to different stages of disease development. We review data from both human cohort studies and experimental research exploring the potential roles and molecular mechanisms by which enterovirus infections can impact disease outcome.</p>","PeriodicalId":8056,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of medicine","volume":"73 ","pages":"483-499"},"PeriodicalIF":10.5,"publicationDate":"2022-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9242008/pdf/nihms-1816500.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10625993","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 23
Spectrum of Phenotypes and Causes of Type 2 Diabetes in Children. 儿童2型糖尿病的表型和病因谱。
IF 10.5 1区 医学
Annual review of medicine Pub Date : 2022-01-27 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-med-042120-012033
Amy S Shah, Kristen J Nadeau, Dana Dabelea, Maria J Redondo
{"title":"Spectrum of Phenotypes and Causes of Type 2 Diabetes in Children.","authors":"Amy S Shah,&nbsp;Kristen J Nadeau,&nbsp;Dana Dabelea,&nbsp;Maria J Redondo","doi":"10.1146/annurev-med-042120-012033","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-med-042120-012033","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Several factors, including genetics, family history, diet, physical activity, obesity, and insulin resistance in puberty, appear to increase the risk of type 2 diabetes in youth. Youth-onset type 2 diabetes is often thought of as a single entity but rather exists as a spectrum of disease with differences in presentation, metabolic characteristics, clinical progression, and complication rates. We review what is currently known regarding the risks associated with developing type 2 diabetes in youth. Additionally, we focus on the spectrum of phenotypes of pediatric type 2 diabetes, discuss the pathogenic underpinnings and potential therapeutic relevance of this heterogeneity, and compare youth-onset type 2 diabetes with type 1 diabetes and adult-onset type 2 diabetes. Finally, we highlight knowledge gaps in prediction and prevention of youth-onset type 2 diabetes.</p>","PeriodicalId":8056,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of medicine","volume":"73 ","pages":"501-515"},"PeriodicalIF":10.5,"publicationDate":"2022-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9022328/pdf/nihms-1795241.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10443657","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 11
The Gut Microbiome and Inflammatory Bowel Diseases. 肠道微生物群和炎症性肠病。
IF 10.5 1区 医学
Annual review of medicine Pub Date : 2022-01-27 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-med-042320-021020
Yue Shan, Mirae Lee, Eugene B Chang
{"title":"The Gut Microbiome and Inflammatory Bowel Diseases.","authors":"Yue Shan,&nbsp;Mirae Lee,&nbsp;Eugene B Chang","doi":"10.1146/annurev-med-042320-021020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-med-042320-021020","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) arise from a convergence of genetic risk, environmental factors, and gut microbiota, where each is necessary but not sufficient to cause disease. Emerging evidence supports a bidirectional relationship between disease progression and changes in microbiota membership and function. Thus, the study of the gut microbiome and host-microbe interactions should provide critical insights into disease pathogenesis as well as leads for developing microbiome-based diagnostics and interventions for IBD. In this article, we review the most recent advances in understanding the relationship between the gut microbiota and IBD and highlight the importance of going beyond establishing description and association to gain mechanistic insights into causes and consequences of IBD. The review aims to contextualize recent findings to form conceptional frameworks for understanding the etiopathogenesis of IBD and for the future development of microbiome-based diagnostics and interventions.</p>","PeriodicalId":8056,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of medicine","volume":"73 ","pages":"455-468"},"PeriodicalIF":10.5,"publicationDate":"2022-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10012812/pdf/nihms-1872891.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9115062","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 32
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