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Annual review of medicine最新文献

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SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination-Induced Thrombotic Thrombocytopenia: A Rare but Serious Immunologic Complication. SARS-CoV-2疫苗诱导的血栓性血小板减少:一种罕见但严重的免疫并发症。
IF 10.5 1区 医学
Annual review of medicine Pub Date : 2023-01-27 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-med-043021-015237
Charles S Abrams, Geoffrey D Barnes
{"title":"SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination-Induced Thrombotic Thrombocytopenia: A Rare but Serious Immunologic Complication.","authors":"Charles S Abrams,&nbsp;Geoffrey D Barnes","doi":"10.1146/annurev-med-043021-015237","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-med-043021-015237","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Billions of individuals worldwide have benefited from the unprecedented large-scale rollout of COVID-19 vaccines. Given the sheer number of people that have received these vaccines, it is not surprising that rare side effects are reported that were not previously detected in the phase III vaccine trials. This review addresses one rare complication called SARS-CoV-2 vaccination-induced thrombotic thrombocytopenia (VITT). It occurs in approximately 1/50,000 to 1/100,000 recipients of the adenovirus vector-based COVID-19 vaccines made by AstraZeneca-Oxford or Johnson & Johnson. Information on VITT syndrome was disseminated quickly via social media and publications after it was first discovered. Initial observations associating VITT with specific patient populations, thrombus locations, and outcomes associated with heparin therapy have since been refined with additional clinical experience. In this review, we discuss what is currently known about the incidence, pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment of VITT.</p>","PeriodicalId":8056,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of medicine","volume":"74 ","pages":"65-74"},"PeriodicalIF":10.5,"publicationDate":"2023-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9136099","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 6
COVID-19 Thrombotic Complications and Therapeutic Strategies. COVID-19血栓形成并发症和治疗策略。
IF 10.5 1区 医学
Annual review of medicine Pub Date : 2023-01-27 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-med-042921-110257
Alexander C Fanaroff, Renato D Lopes
{"title":"COVID-19 Thrombotic Complications and Therapeutic Strategies.","authors":"Alexander C Fanaroff,&nbsp;Renato D Lopes","doi":"10.1146/annurev-med-042921-110257","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-med-042921-110257","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Shortly after the emergence of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in late 2019, clinicians rapidly recognized an apparent association between the disease and both arterial and venous thrombotic complications, which was confirmed in epidemiologic studies. Based on these data, hospitals empirically developed and implemented protocols with different strategies for anticoagulation of hospitalized COVID-19 patients. Subsequent randomized controlled trials (RCTs) clarified the role of anticoagulation in patients hospitalized with COVID-19 and recently discharged from the hospital. In this review, we discuss the epidemiology and pathophysiology of thrombosis in patients with COVID-19, observational comparative effectiveness analyses that provided hints of a benefit from anticoagulation, and finally the RCTs that established which patients with COVID-19 benefit from treatment-dose anticoagulation. These RCTs have demonstrated that hospitalized, noncritically ill patients with COVID-19 benefit from treatment-dose anticoagulation, but patients who are hospitalized and critically ill, discharged from the hospital, or not hospitalized do not benefit.</p>","PeriodicalId":8056,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of medicine","volume":"74 ","pages":"15-30"},"PeriodicalIF":10.5,"publicationDate":"2023-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9240750","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
Myocardial Infarction with Nonobstructive Coronary Arteries. 非阻塞性冠状动脉心肌梗死。
IF 10.5 1区 医学
Annual review of medicine Pub Date : 2023-01-27 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-med-042921-111727
H R Reynolds, N R Smilowitz
{"title":"Myocardial Infarction with Nonobstructive Coronary Arteries.","authors":"H R Reynolds,&nbsp;N R Smilowitz","doi":"10.1146/annurev-med-042921-111727","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-med-042921-111727","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Myocardial infarction with nonobstructive coronary arteries (MINOCA) is an important subtype of myocardial infarction (MI) that occurs in approximately 6-8% of patients with spontaneous MI who are referred for coronary angiography. MINOCA disproportionately affects women, but men are also affected. Pathogenesis is more variable than in MI with obstructive coronary artery disease (MI-CAD). Dominant mechanisms include atherosclerosis, thrombosis, and coronary artery spasm. Management of MINOCA varies based on the underlying mechanism of infarction. Therefore, systematic approaches to diagnosis are recommended. The combination of invasive coronary angiography, multivessel intracoronary imaging, provocative testing for coronary spasm, and cardiac magnetic resonance imaging provides the greatest diagnostic yield. Current clinical practice guidelines for the secondary prevention of MI are based largely on data from patients with MI-CAD. Thus, optimal medications after MINOCA are uncertain. Clinical trials focused on the treatment of patients with MINOCA are urgently needed to define optimal care.</p>","PeriodicalId":8056,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of medicine","volume":"74 ","pages":"171-188"},"PeriodicalIF":10.5,"publicationDate":"2023-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10663744","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 8
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: New Diagnostic and Therapeutic Approaches. 系统性红斑狼疮:新的诊断和治疗方法。
IF 10.5 1区 医学
Annual review of medicine Pub Date : 2023-01-27 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-med-043021-032611
Stephanie Lazar, J Michelle Kahlenberg
{"title":"Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: New Diagnostic and Therapeutic Approaches.","authors":"Stephanie Lazar,&nbsp;J Michelle Kahlenberg","doi":"10.1146/annurev-med-043021-032611","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-med-043021-032611","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a devastating autoimmune disease that can result in substantial morbidity and mortality. Diagnosis and treatment of SLE are clinical challenges. Patient presentation and response to therapy are heterogeneous because of the complex immune dysregulation that results in SLE disease pathogenesis. An intricate interplay between genetic risk and skewing of adaptive and innate immune system responses leads to overproduction of type I interferons and other cytokines, complement activation, immune-complex deposition, and ultimately inflammation and tissue damage. Here, we review the classification criteria as well as standard and emerging diagnostic tools available to identify patients with SLE. We then focus on medical management, including novel therapeutics, nonpharmacologic interventions, and comorbidity management.</p>","PeriodicalId":8056,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of medicine","volume":"74 ","pages":"339-352"},"PeriodicalIF":10.5,"publicationDate":"2023-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10671249","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 24
COVID-19: Challenges of Viral Variants. COVID-19:病毒变体的挑战。
IF 10.5 1区 医学
Annual review of medicine Pub Date : 2023-01-27 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-med-042921-020956
Jana L Jacobs, Ghady Haidar, John W Mellors
{"title":"COVID-19: Challenges of Viral Variants.","authors":"Jana L Jacobs,&nbsp;Ghady Haidar,&nbsp;John W Mellors","doi":"10.1146/annurev-med-042921-020956","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-med-042921-020956","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The COVID-19 pandemic has been accompanied by SARS-CoV-2 evolution and emergence of viral variants that have far exceeded initial expectations. Five major variants of concern (Alpha, Beta, Gamma, Delta, and Omicron) have emerged, each having both unique and overlapping amino acid substitutions that have affected transmissibility, disease severity, and susceptibility to natural or vaccine-induced immune responses and monoclonal antibodies. Several of the more recent variants appear to have evolved properties of immune evasion, particularly in cases of prolonged infection. Tracking of existing variants and surveillance for new variants are critical for an effective pandemic response.</p>","PeriodicalId":8056,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of medicine","volume":"74 ","pages":"31-53"},"PeriodicalIF":10.5,"publicationDate":"2023-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10671258","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 29
Endocrine Disorders and COVID-19. 内分泌失调与COVID-19。
IF 10.5 1区 医学
Annual review of medicine Pub Date : 2023-01-27 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-med-043021-033509
Seda Hanife Oguz, Bulent Okan Yildiz
{"title":"Endocrine Disorders and COVID-19.","authors":"Seda Hanife Oguz,&nbsp;Bulent Okan Yildiz","doi":"10.1146/annurev-med-043021-033509","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-med-043021-033509","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The multifaceted interaction between coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and the endocrine system has been a major area of scientific research over the past two years. While common endocrine/metabolic disorders such as obesity and diabetes have been recognized among significant risk factors for COVID-19 severity, several endocrine organs were identified to be targeted by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). New-onset endocrine disorders related to COVID-19 were reported while long-term effects, if any, are yet to be determined. Meanwhile, the \"stay home\" measures during the pandemic caused interruption in the care of patients with pre-existing endocrine disorders and may have impeded the diagnosis and treatment of new ones. This review aims to outline this complex interaction between COVID-19 and endocrine disorders by synthesizing the current scientific knowledge obtained from clinical and pathophysiological studies, and to emphasize considerations for future research.</p>","PeriodicalId":8056,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of medicine","volume":"74 ","pages":"75-88"},"PeriodicalIF":10.5,"publicationDate":"2023-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10671774","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 5
Cytomegalovirus Therapy: Role of Letermovir in Prophylaxis and Treatment in Transplant Recipients. 巨细胞病毒治疗:莱特莫韦在移植受者预防和治疗中的作用。
IF 10.5 1区 医学
Annual review of medicine Pub Date : 2023-01-27 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-med-042921-124739
Jennifer L Saullo, Rachel A Miller
{"title":"Cytomegalovirus Therapy: Role of Letermovir in Prophylaxis and Treatment in Transplant Recipients.","authors":"Jennifer L Saullo,&nbsp;Rachel A Miller","doi":"10.1146/annurev-med-042921-124739","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-med-042921-124739","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a common viral pathogen in the transplant population and is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. CMV prevention is paramount; however, selecting the best preventive strategy depends on many factors including donor-recipient CMV serostatus, transplant-specific risks, antiviral toxicities and cost. Novel CMV therapeutics such as letermovir (LTV) are desperately needed to optimize CMV management. Uniquely among CMV antiviral therapies, LTV inhibits the viral terminase complex in the CMV DNA synthesis pathway and disrupts viral genome packaging. Further, it lacks side effects frequently associated with other CMV antiviral therapies and evades common mechanisms of resistance. LTV is approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for CMV prevention in adult CMV-seropositive hematopoietic cell transplant recipients but is increasingly applied off-label for prophylaxis and treatment. This review summarizes important concepts of CMV management in transplantation, with a specific focus on LTV pharmacology and clinical experience to date alongside future prospects for its application.</p>","PeriodicalId":8056,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of medicine","volume":"74 ","pages":"89-105"},"PeriodicalIF":10.5,"publicationDate":"2023-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10678898","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
All the Tau We Cannot See. 所有我们看不见的Tau。
IF 15.1 1区 医学
Annual review of medicine Pub Date : 2023-01-27 Epub Date: 2022-11-15 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-med-042921-023749
Bradley Hyman
{"title":"All the Tau We Cannot See.","authors":"Bradley Hyman","doi":"10.1146/annurev-med-042921-023749","DOIUrl":"10.1146/annurev-med-042921-023749","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Alzheimer's disease (AD) was described in 1906 as a dementing disease marked by the presence of two types of fibrillar aggregates in the brain: neurofibrillary tangles and senile plaques. The process of aggregation and formation of the aggregates has been a major focus of investigation ever since the discoveries that the tau protein is the predominant protein in tangles and amyloid β is the predominant protein in plaques. The idea that smaller, oligomeric species of amyloid may also be bioactive has now been clearly established. This review examines the possibility that soluble, nonfibrillar, bioactive forms of tau-the \"tau we cannot see\"-comprise a dominant driver of neurodegeneration in AD.</p>","PeriodicalId":8056,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of medicine","volume":"74 ","pages":"503-514"},"PeriodicalIF":15.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11783578/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9553455","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Lessons Learned from the ISCHEMIA Trial for the Management of Patients with Stable Ischemic Heart Disease. 稳定性缺血性心脏病患者缺血试验的经验教训
IF 10.5 1区 医学
Annual review of medicine Pub Date : 2023-01-27 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-med-042921-124013
William E Boden, Peter H Stone
{"title":"Lessons Learned from the ISCHEMIA Trial for the Management of Patients with Stable Ischemic Heart Disease.","authors":"William E Boden,&nbsp;Peter H Stone","doi":"10.1146/annurev-med-042921-124013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-med-042921-124013","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The recent landmark International Study of Comparative Health Effectiveness With Medical and Invasive Approaches (ISCHEMIA) trial was undertaken to assess whether stable angina patients with moderate to severe baseline ischemia would benefit from an invasive approach with revascularization versus a conservative approach of intensive lifestyle intervention and pharmacologic secondary prevention. This trial addressed the hypothesis that treating ischemia with an invasive approach would reduce major adverse cardiac events more than a noninvasive pharmacologic and lifestyle approach. ISCHEMIA is discussed in detail, along with current implications for contemporary management of this very common cardiac disorder afflicting millions of patients worldwide.</p>","PeriodicalId":8056,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of medicine","volume":"74 ","pages":"189-198"},"PeriodicalIF":10.5,"publicationDate":"2023-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10672313","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Advances and Applications of Polygenic Scores for Coronary Artery Disease. 冠状动脉疾病多基因评分的进展及应用。
IF 15.1 1区 医学
Annual review of medicine Pub Date : 2023-01-27 Epub Date: 2022-10-31 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-med-042921-112629
Aniruddh P Patel, Amit V Khera
{"title":"Advances and Applications of Polygenic Scores for Coronary Artery Disease.","authors":"Aniruddh P Patel, Amit V Khera","doi":"10.1146/annurev-med-042921-112629","DOIUrl":"10.1146/annurev-med-042921-112629","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Polygenic scores quantify inherited risk by integrating information from many common sites of DNA variation into a single number. Rapid increases in the scale of genetic association studies and new statistical algorithms have enabled development of polygenic scores that meaningfully measure-as early as birth-risk of coronary artery disease. These newer-generation polygenic scores identify up to 8% of the population with triple the normal risk based on genetic variation alone, and these individuals cannot be identified on the basis of family history or clinical risk factors alone. For those identified with increased genetic risk, evidence supports risk reduction with at least two interventions, adherence to a healthy lifestyle and cholesterol-lowering therapies, that can substantially reduce risk. Alongside considerable enthusiasm for the potential of polygenic risk estimation to enable a new era of preventive clinical medicine is recognition of a need for ongoing research into how best to ensure equitable performance across diverse ancestries, how and in whom to assess the scores in clinical practice, as well as randomized trials to confirm clinical utility.</p>","PeriodicalId":8056,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of medicine","volume":"74 ","pages":"141-154"},"PeriodicalIF":15.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11837432/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9226620","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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