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Annual review of medicine最新文献

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Exercise in Octogenarians: How Much Is Too Little? 八十多岁老人的运动:多少算少?
IF 10.5 1区 医学
Annual review of medicine Pub Date : 2022-01-27 Epub Date: 2021-11-18 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-med-070119-115343
Graeme Carrick-Ranson, Erin J Howden, Benjamin D Levine
{"title":"Exercise in Octogenarians: How Much Is Too Little?","authors":"Graeme Carrick-Ranson,&nbsp;Erin J Howden,&nbsp;Benjamin D Levine","doi":"10.1146/annurev-med-070119-115343","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-med-070119-115343","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The global population is rapidly aging, with predictions of many more people living beyond 85 years. Age-related physiological adaptations predispose to decrements in physical function and functional capacity, the rate of which can be accelerated by chronic disease and prolonged physical inactivity. Decrements in physical function exacerbate the risk of chronic disease, disability, dependency, and frailty with advancing age. Regular exercise positively influences health status, physical function, and disease risk in adults of all ages. Herein, we review the role of structured exercise training in the oldest old on cardiorespiratory fitness and muscular strength and power, attributes critical for physical function, mobility, and independent living.</p>","PeriodicalId":8056,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":10.5,"publicationDate":"2022-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39636714","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
New Approaches to Glioblastoma. 胶质母细胞瘤的新方法。
IF 10.5 1区 医学
Annual review of medicine Pub Date : 2022-01-27 Epub Date: 2021-10-19 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-med-042420-102102
Mustafa Khasraw, Yoko Fujita, Catalina Lee-Chang, Irina V Balyasnikova, Hinda Najem, Amy B Heimberger
{"title":"New Approaches to Glioblastoma.","authors":"Mustafa Khasraw,&nbsp;Yoko Fujita,&nbsp;Catalina Lee-Chang,&nbsp;Irina V Balyasnikova,&nbsp;Hinda Najem,&nbsp;Amy B Heimberger","doi":"10.1146/annurev-med-042420-102102","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-med-042420-102102","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Faced with unique immunobiology and marked heterogeneity, treatment strategies for glioblastoma require therapeutic approaches that diverge from conventional oncological strategies. The selection and prioritization of targeted and immunotherapeutic strategies will need to carefully consider these features and companion biomarkers developed alongside treatment strategies to identify the appropriate patient populations. Novel clinical trial strategies that interrogate the tumor microenvironment for drug penetration and target engagement will inform go/no-go later-stage clinical studies. Innovative trial designs and analyses are needed to move effective agents toward regulatory approvals more rapidly.</p>","PeriodicalId":8056,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":10.5,"publicationDate":"2022-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9479165/pdf/nihms-1831896.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39530932","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 12
Enteroviruses and Type 1 Diabetes: Multiple Mechanisms and Factors? 肠病毒与1型糖尿病:多重机制和因素?
IF 10.5 1区 医学
Annual review of medicine Pub Date : 2022-01-27 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-med-042320-015952
Richard E Lloyd, Manasi Tamhankar, Åke Lernmark
{"title":"Enteroviruses and Type 1 Diabetes: Multiple Mechanisms and Factors?","authors":"Richard E Lloyd,&nbsp;Manasi Tamhankar,&nbsp;Åke Lernmark","doi":"10.1146/annurev-med-042320-015952","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-med-042320-015952","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by insulin deficiency and resultant hyperglycemia. Complex interactions of genetic and environmental factors trigger the onset of autoimmune mechanisms responsible for development of autoimmunity to β cell antigens and subsequent development of T1D. A potential role of virus infections has long been hypothesized, and growing evidence continues to implicate enteroviruses as the most probable triggering viruses. Recent studies have strengthened the association between enteroviruses and development of autoimmunity in T1D patients, potentially through persistent infections. Enterovirus infections may contribute to different stages of disease development. We review data from both human cohort studies and experimental research exploring the potential roles and molecular mechanisms by which enterovirus infections can impact disease outcome.</p>","PeriodicalId":8056,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":10.5,"publicationDate":"2022-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9242008/pdf/nihms-1816500.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10625993","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 23
Phage Therapy for Antibiotic-Resistant Bacterial Infections. 噬菌体治疗耐抗生素细菌感染。
IF 10.5 1区 医学
Annual review of medicine Pub Date : 2022-01-27 Epub Date: 2021-08-24 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-med-080219-122208
Graham F Hatfull, Rebekah M Dedrick, Robert T Schooley
{"title":"Phage Therapy for Antibiotic-Resistant Bacterial Infections.","authors":"Graham F Hatfull,&nbsp;Rebekah M Dedrick,&nbsp;Robert T Schooley","doi":"10.1146/annurev-med-080219-122208","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-med-080219-122208","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Antibiotic resistance in bacterial pathogens presents a substantial threat to the control of infectious diseases. Development of new classes of antibiotics has slowed in recent years due to pressures of cost and market profitability, and there is a strong need for new antimicrobial therapies. The therapeutic use of bacteriophages has long been considered, with numerous anecdotal reports of success. Interest in phage therapy has been renewed by recent clinical successes in case studies with personalized phage cocktails, and several clinical trials are in progress. We discuss recent progress in the therapeutic use of phages and contemplate the key factors influencing the opportunities and challenges. With strong safety profiles, the main challenges of phage therapeutics involve strain variation among clinical isolates of many pathogens, battling phage resistance, and the potential limitations of host immune responses. However, the opportunities are considerable, with the potential to enhance current antibiotic efficacy, protect newly developed antibiotics, and provide a last resort in response to complete antibiotic failure.</p>","PeriodicalId":8056,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":10.5,"publicationDate":"2022-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39339859","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 135
COVID-19 Critical Illness: A Data-Driven Review. COVID-19 危重病：数据驱动的回顾。
IF 10.5 1区 医学
Annual review of medicine Pub Date : 2022-01-27 Epub Date: 2021-09-14 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-med-042420-110629
Jennifer C Ginestra, Oscar J L Mitchell, George L Anesi, Jason D Christie
{"title":"COVID-19 Critical Illness: A Data-Driven Review.","authors":"Jennifer C Ginestra, Oscar J L Mitchell, George L Anesi, Jason D Christie","doi":"10.1146/annurev-med-042420-110629","DOIUrl":"10.1146/annurev-med-042420-110629","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has posed unprecedented challenges in critical care medicine, including extreme demand for intensive care unit (ICU) resources and rapidly evolving understanding of a novel disease. Up to one-third of hospitalized patients with COVID-19 experience critical illness. The most common form of organ failure in COVID-19 critical illness is acute hypoxemic respiratory failure, which clinically presents as acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) in three-quarters of ICU patients. Noninvasive respiratory support modalities are being used with increasing frequency given their potential to reduce the need for intubation. Determining optimal patient selection for and timing of intubation remains a challenge. Management of mechanically ventilated patients with COVID-19 largely mirrors that of non-COVID-19 ARDS. Organ failure is common and portends a poor prognosis. Mortality rates have improved over the course of the pandemic, likely owing to increasing disease familiarity, data-driven pharmacologics, and improved adherence to evidence-based critical care.</p>","PeriodicalId":8056,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":10.5,"publicationDate":"2022-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8795486/pdf/nihms-1764938.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39417337","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Progress in the Management of Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors. 胰腺神经内分泌肿瘤的治疗进展。
IF 10.5 1区 医学
Annual review of medicine Pub Date : 2022-01-27 Epub Date: 2021-10-20 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-med-042320-011248
Amy Chang, Scott K Sherman, James R Howe, Vaibhav Sahai
{"title":"Progress in the Management of Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors.","authors":"Amy Chang,&nbsp;Scott K Sherman,&nbsp;James R Howe,&nbsp;Vaibhav Sahai","doi":"10.1146/annurev-med-042320-011248","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-med-042320-011248","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (PNETs) are a heterogeneous and orphan group of neoplasms that vary in their histology, clinical features, prognosis, and management. The treatment of PNETs is highly dependent on the stage at presentation, tumor grade and differentiation, presence of symptoms from hormonal overproduction or from local growth, tumor burden, and rate of progression. The US Food and Drug Administration has recently approved many novel treatments, which have altered decision making and positively impacted the care and prognosis of these patients. In this review, we focus on the significant progress made in the management of PNETs over the past decade, as well as the active areas of research.</p>","PeriodicalId":8056,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":10.5,"publicationDate":"2022-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39533950","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 4
COVID-19 and Diabetes. COVID-19和糖尿病。
IF 10.5 1区 医学
Annual review of medicine Pub Date : 2022-01-27 Epub Date: 2021-08-11 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-med-042220-011857
Awadhesh Kumar Singh, Kamlesh Khunti
{"title":"COVID-19 and Diabetes.","authors":"Awadhesh Kumar Singh,&nbsp;Kamlesh Khunti","doi":"10.1146/annurev-med-042220-011857","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-med-042220-011857","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The prevalence of diabetes in people with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), has varied worldwide. Most of the available evidence suggests a significant increase in severity and mortality of COVID-19 in people with either type 1 (T1DM) or type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), especially in association with poor glycemic control. While new-onset hyperglycemia and new-onset diabetes (both T1DM and T2DM) have been increasingly recognized in the context of COVID-19 and have been associated with worse outcome, no conclusive evidence yet suggests direct tropism of SARS-CoV-2 on the β cells of pancreatic islets. While all approved oral antidiabetic agents appear to be safe in people with T2DM having COVID-19, no conclusive data are yet available to indicate a mortality benefit with any class of these drugs, in the absence of large randomized controlled trials.</p>","PeriodicalId":8056,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":10.5,"publicationDate":"2022-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39303149","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 33
Spectrum of Phenotypes and Causes of Type 2 Diabetes in Children. 儿童2型糖尿病的表型和病因谱。
IF 10.5 1区 医学
Annual review of medicine Pub Date : 2022-01-27 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-med-042120-012033
Amy S Shah, Kristen J Nadeau, Dana Dabelea, Maria J Redondo
{"title":"Spectrum of Phenotypes and Causes of Type 2 Diabetes in Children.","authors":"Amy S Shah,&nbsp;Kristen J Nadeau,&nbsp;Dana Dabelea,&nbsp;Maria J Redondo","doi":"10.1146/annurev-med-042120-012033","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-med-042120-012033","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Several factors, including genetics, family history, diet, physical activity, obesity, and insulin resistance in puberty, appear to increase the risk of type 2 diabetes in youth. Youth-onset type 2 diabetes is often thought of as a single entity but rather exists as a spectrum of disease with differences in presentation, metabolic characteristics, clinical progression, and complication rates. We review what is currently known regarding the risks associated with developing type 2 diabetes in youth. Additionally, we focus on the spectrum of phenotypes of pediatric type 2 diabetes, discuss the pathogenic underpinnings and potential therapeutic relevance of this heterogeneity, and compare youth-onset type 2 diabetes with type 1 diabetes and adult-onset type 2 diabetes. Finally, we highlight knowledge gaps in prediction and prevention of youth-onset type 2 diabetes.</p>","PeriodicalId":8056,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":10.5,"publicationDate":"2022-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9022328/pdf/nihms-1795241.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10443657","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 11
COVID-19: Inflammatory Profile. COVID-19:炎症概况
IF 10.5 1区 医学
Annual review of medicine Pub Date : 2022-01-27 Epub Date: 2021-08-26 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-med-042220-012417
Yuhang Wang, Stanley Perlman
{"title":"COVID-19: Inflammatory Profile.","authors":"Yuhang Wang,&nbsp;Stanley Perlman","doi":"10.1146/annurev-med-042220-012417","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-med-042220-012417","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the cause of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), has resulted in a pandemic that has had widespread effects on human activities. The clinical presentation of severe COVID-19 includes a broad spectrum of clinical disease, most notably acute respiratory distress syndrome, cytokine release syndrome (CRS), multiorgan failure, and death. Direct viral damage and uncontrolled inflammation have been suggested as contributory factors in COVID-19 disease severity. The COVID-19 pandemic has emphasized the critical role of an effective host immune response in controlling a virus infection and demonstrated the devastating effect of immune dysregulation. Understanding the nature of the immune response to SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis is key to developing effective treatments for COVID-19. Here, we describe the nature of the dysregulated host immune response in COVID-19, identify potential mechanisms involved in CRS, and discuss potential strategies that can be used to manage immune dysregulation in COVID-19.</p>","PeriodicalId":8056,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":10.5,"publicationDate":"2022-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39347901","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 31
mRNA Vaccines in the COVID-19 Pandemic and Beyond. mRNA 疫苗在 COVID-19 大流行及其后的应用。
IF 10.5 1区 医学
Annual review of medicine Pub Date : 2022-01-27 Epub Date: 2021-10-20 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-med-042420-112725
Michael J Hogan, Norbert Pardi
{"title":"mRNA Vaccines in the COVID-19 Pandemic and Beyond.","authors":"Michael J Hogan, Norbert Pardi","doi":"10.1146/annurev-med-042420-112725","DOIUrl":"10.1146/annurev-med-042420-112725","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the cause of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), emerged in China in December 2019 and quickly spread around the globe, killing more than 4 million people and causing a severe economic crisis. This extraordinary situation prompted entities in government, industry, and academia to work together at unprecedented speed to develop safe and effective vaccines. Indeed, vaccines of multiple types have been generated in record time, and many have been evaluated in clinical trials. Of these, messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccines have emerged as lead candidates due to their speed of development and high degree of safety and efficacy. To date, two mRNA vaccines have received approval for human use, providing proof of the feasibility of this next-generation vaccine modality. This review gives a detailed overview about the types of mRNA vaccines developed for SARS-CoV-2, discusses and compares preclinical and clinical data, gives a mechanistic overview about immune responses generated by mRNA vaccination, and speculates on the challenges and promising future of this emergent vaccine platform.</p>","PeriodicalId":8056,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":10.5,"publicationDate":"2022-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39533949","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 95
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