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Annual review of medicine最新文献

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Clonal Expansion of Stem/Progenitor Cells in Cancer, Fibrotic Diseases, and Atherosclerosis, and CD47 Protection of Pathogenic Cells. 癌症、纤维疾病和动脉粥样硬化中干/祖细胞的克隆扩增，以及CD47对致病细胞的保护。
IF 10.5 1区 医学
Annual review of medicine Pub Date : 2022-01-27 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-med-042420-104436
R Majeti, C Jamieson, W W Pang, S Jaiswal, N J Leeper, G Wernig, I L Weissman
{"title":"Clonal Expansion of Stem/Progenitor Cells in Cancer, Fibrotic Diseases, and Atherosclerosis, and CD47 Protection of Pathogenic Cells.","authors":"R Majeti,&nbsp;C Jamieson,&nbsp;W W Pang,&nbsp;S Jaiswal,&nbsp;N J Leeper,&nbsp;G Wernig,&nbsp;I L Weissman","doi":"10.1146/annurev-med-042420-104436","DOIUrl":"10.1146/annurev-med-042420-104436","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We proposed and demonstrated that myelogenous leukemia has a preleukemic phase. In the premalignant phase, normal hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) gradually accumulate mutations leading to HSC clonal expansion, resulting in the emergence of leukemic stem cells (LSCs). Here, we show that preleukemic HSCs are the basis of clonal hematopoiesis, as well as late-onset blood diseases (chronic-phase chronic myeloid leukemia, myeloproliferative neoplasms, and myelodysplastic disease). The clones at some point each trigger surface expression of \"eat me\" signals for macrophages, and in the clones and their LSC progeny, this is countered by upregulation of \"don't eat me\" signals for macrophages such as CD47,opening the possibility of CD47-based therapies. We include evidence that similar processes result in fibroblast expansion in a variety of fibrotic diseases, and arterial smooth muscle clonal expansion is a basis of atherosclerosis, including upregulation of both \"eat me\" and \"don't eat me\" molecules on the pathogenic cells.</p>","PeriodicalId":8056,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":10.5,"publicationDate":"2022-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39864809","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 4
Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy: New Concepts and Therapies. 肥厚性心肌病:新概念和治疗。
IF 10.5 1区 医学
Annual review of medicine Pub Date : 2022-01-27 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-med-042220-021539
Barry J Maron, Ethan J Rowin, Martin S Maron
{"title":"Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy: New Concepts and Therapies.","authors":"Barry J Maron,&nbsp;Ethan J Rowin,&nbsp;Martin S Maron","doi":"10.1146/annurev-med-042220-021539","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-med-042220-021539","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), a relatively common, globally distributed, and often inherited myocardial disorder, transformed over the last several years into a treatable condition with the emergence of effective management options that alter natural history at all ages. Now available are a matured risk stratification algorithm selecting patients for prophylactic implantable defibrillators that prevent arrhythmic sudden death; low-risk, high-benefit surgical myectomy to reverse progressive heart failure symptoms due to left ventricular outflow obstruction; anticoagulation prophylaxis to prevent atrial fibrillation-mediated embolic stroke; and heart transplant for refractory end-stage disease in the absence of obstruction. Those strategies have resulted in reduction of HCM-related morbidity and reduction of mortality to 0.5% per year.</p>","PeriodicalId":8056,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":10.5,"publicationDate":"2022-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39864807","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 12
Current Approaches in Managing Colonic Serrated Polyps and Serrated Polyposis. 治疗结肠锯齿状息肉和锯齿状息肉病的最新方法。
IF 10.5 1区 医学
Annual review of medicine Pub Date : 2022-01-27 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-med-042220-024703
David E F W M van Toledo, Joep E G IJspeert, Evelien Dekker
{"title":"Current Approaches in Managing Colonic Serrated Polyps and Serrated Polyposis.","authors":"David E F W M van Toledo,&nbsp;Joep E G IJspeert,&nbsp;Evelien Dekker","doi":"10.1146/annurev-med-042220-024703","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-med-042220-024703","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>For decades, conventional adenomas were the only known precursor lesions of colorectal cancer (CRC). Accordingly, education and research regarding CRC prevention were mainly focused on adenomas. The groundbreaking discovery that serrated polyps (SPs) also have the potential to develop into CRCs, and seem to account for a considerable proportion of sporadic CRCs, has led to a paradigm shift in the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of CRC. Studies in recent years have led to our current understanding of SPs and associated CRC, but a lot of work is still to be done to further improve knowledge about this serrated neoplasia pathway and the clinical management of SPs and serrated polyposis syndrome (SPS). In this review, we reflect on the current understanding of SPs with respect to terminology, detection, resection, and surveillance and reflect on the management of SPS.</p>","PeriodicalId":8056,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":10.5,"publicationDate":"2022-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39864808","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 5
Spontaneous Coronary Artery Dissection: New Insights into This Not-So-Rare Condition. 自发性冠状动脉夹层:对这种不太罕见的疾病的新见解。
IF 10.5 1区 医学
Annual review of medicine Pub Date : 2022-01-27 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-med-052819-023826
Jennifer Lewey, Stephanie C El Hajj, Sharonne N Hayes
{"title":"Spontaneous Coronary Artery Dissection: New Insights into This Not-So-Rare Condition.","authors":"Jennifer Lewey,&nbsp;Stephanie C El Hajj,&nbsp;Sharonne N Hayes","doi":"10.1146/annurev-med-052819-023826","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-med-052819-023826","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Spontaneous coronary artery dissection (SCAD) is an uncommon but increasingly recognized cause of acute myocardial infarction (MI) among young and middle-aged women and is an important cause of pregnancy-associated MI. Over 90% of SCAD patients are women. Compared to patients with MI caused by atherosclerosis, SCAD patients have fewer cardiovascular risk factors but more often have systemic arteriopathy, most commonly fibromuscular dysplasia. Angiographically, SCAD is characterized by the presence of an intramural hematoma with or without an intimal tear. Accurate recognition of characteristic findings on coronary angiography is critical, as there are important differences in the acute and long-term management of MI caused by SCAD versus atherosclerosis. Acutely, most SCAD patients should be managed conservatively, since percutaneous revascularization is associated with more complications and SCAD-affected vessels usually heal without intervention. Randomized clinical trials and other prospective evaluations are needed, especially to clarify optimal treatment and prevention strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":8056,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":10.5,"publicationDate":"2022-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39864811","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 9
Pulmonary Aspects of COVID-19. COVID-19的肺部方面。
IF 10.5 1区 医学
Annual review of medicine Pub Date : 2022-01-27 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-med-042220-014817
Kevin C Doerschug, Gregory A Schmidt
{"title":"Pulmonary Aspects of COVID-19.","authors":"Kevin C Doerschug,&nbsp;Gregory A Schmidt","doi":"10.1146/annurev-med-042220-014817","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-med-042220-014817","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a respiratory virus that gains entry via angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) within airway epithelium. Patients exhibit a spectrum of respiratory symptoms from asymptomatic to respiratory failure. Patient factors including obesity, tobacco use, and black race are all associated with increased ACE2 expression and may contribute to increased complications. Consolidation and ground-glass opacities on chest imaging are typical but not specific for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Venous thromboembolism occurs infrequently when prophylactic anticoagulation is provided. However, capillary microthrombosis is nearly ubiquitous, suggesting that it contributes to hypoxemia. Remdesivir and glucocorticoids may benefit some hospitalized patients. Many of those afflicted remain symptomatic two weeks following diagnosis and continue to require health care. Total lung capacity, diffusion capacity, and maximal oxygen consumption may be reduced for months in some survivors. Lung transplant offers chronically critically ill patients new hope, and this option may have increasing potential for outpatients with COVID-19-associated fibrosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":8056,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":10.5,"publicationDate":"2022-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39725731","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction: Mechanisms and Treatment Strategies. 保留射血分数的心力衰竭:机制和治疗策略。
IF 10.5 1区 医学
Annual review of medicine Pub Date : 2022-01-27 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-med-042220-022745
Kazunori Omote, Frederik H Verbrugge, Barry A Borlaug
{"title":"Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction: Mechanisms and Treatment Strategies.","authors":"Kazunori Omote,&nbsp;Frederik H Verbrugge,&nbsp;Barry A Borlaug","doi":"10.1146/annurev-med-042220-022745","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-med-042220-022745","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Approximately half of all patients with heart failure (HF) have a preserved ejection fraction, and the prevalence is growing rapidly given the aging population in many countries and the rising prevalence of obesity, diabetes, and hypertension. Functional capacity and quality of life are severely impaired in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF), and morbidity and mortality are high. In striking contrast to HF with reduced ejection fraction, there are few effective treatments currently identified for HFpEF, and these are limited to decongestion by diuretics, promotion of a healthy active lifestyle, and management of comorbidities. Improved phenotyping of subgroups within the overall HFpEF population might enhance individualization of treatment. This review focuses on the current understanding of the pathophysiologic mechanisms underlying HFpEF and treatment strategies for this complex syndrome.</p>","PeriodicalId":8056,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":10.5,"publicationDate":"2022-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9002335/pdf/nihms-1795479.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9180064","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 30
What Has the Undiagnosed Diseases Network Taught Us About the Clinical Applications of Genomic Testing? 未确诊疾病网络在基因组检测的临床应用方面给了我们哪些启示？
IF 10.5 1区 医学
Annual review of medicine Pub Date : 2022-01-27 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-med-042120-014904
David R Murdock, Jill A Rosenfeld, Brendan Lee
{"title":"What Has the Undiagnosed Diseases Network Taught Us About the Clinical Applications of Genomic Testing?","authors":"David R Murdock, Jill A Rosenfeld, Brendan Lee","doi":"10.1146/annurev-med-042120-014904","DOIUrl":"10.1146/annurev-med-042120-014904","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Genetic testing has undergone a revolution in the last decade, particularly with the advent of next-generation sequencing and its associated reductions in costs and increases in efficiencies. The Undiagnosed Diseases Network (UDN) has been a leader in the application of such genomic testing for rare disease diagnosis. This review discusses the current state of genomic testing performed within the UDN, with a focus on the strengths and limitations of whole-exome and whole-genome sequencing in clinical diagnostics and the importance of ongoing data reanalysis. The role of emerging technologies such as RNA and long-read sequencing to further improve diagnostic rates in the UDN is also described. This review concludes with a discussion of the challenges faced in insurance coverage of comprehensive genomic testing as well as the opportunities for a larger role of testing in clinical medicine.</p>","PeriodicalId":8056,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":10.5,"publicationDate":"2022-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10874501/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9830671","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Whole Inactivated Virus and Protein-Based COVID-19 Vaccines. 全灭活病毒和基于蛋白质的COVID-19疫苗。
IF 10.5 1区 医学
Annual review of medicine Pub Date : 2022-01-27 Epub Date: 2021-10-12 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-med-042420-113212
Peter J Hotez, Maria Elena Bottazzi
{"title":"Whole Inactivated Virus and Protein-Based COVID-19 Vaccines.","authors":"Peter J Hotez,&nbsp;Maria Elena Bottazzi","doi":"10.1146/annurev-med-042420-113212","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-med-042420-113212","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The rapid development and deployment of mRNA and adenovirus-vectored vaccines against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) continue to astound the global scientific community, but these vaccine platforms and production approaches have still not achieved global COVID-19 vaccine equity. Immunizing the billions of people at risk for COVID-19 in the world's low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) still relies on the availability of vaccines produced and scaled through traditional technology approaches. Vaccines based on whole inactivated virus (WIV) and protein-based platforms, as well as protein particle-based vaccines, are the most produced by LMIC vaccine manufacturing strategies. Three major WIV vaccines are beginning to be distributed widely. Several protein-based and protein particle-based vaccines are advancing with promising results. Overall, these vaccines are exhibiting excellent safety profiles and in some instances have shown their potential to induce high levels of virus neutralizing antibodies and T cell responses (and protection) both in nonhuman primates and in early studies in humans. There is an urgent need to continue accelerating these vaccines for LMICs in time to fully vaccinate these populations by the end of 2022 at the latest. Achieving these goals would also serve as an important reminder that we must continue to maintain expertise in producing multiple vaccine technologies, rather than relying on any individual platform.</p>","PeriodicalId":8056,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":10.5,"publicationDate":"2022-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39509272","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 51
Subclinical Atrial Fibrillation: A Silent Threat with Uncertain Implications. 亚临床心房颤动:具有不确定含义的无声威胁。
IF 10.5 1区 医学
Annual review of medicine Pub Date : 2022-01-27 Epub Date: 2021-11-17 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-med-042420-105906
Anthony H Kashou, Demilade A Adedinsewo, Peter A Noseworthy
{"title":"Subclinical Atrial Fibrillation: A Silent Threat with Uncertain Implications.","authors":"Anthony H Kashou,&nbsp;Demilade A Adedinsewo,&nbsp;Peter A Noseworthy","doi":"10.1146/annurev-med-042420-105906","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-med-042420-105906","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Atrial fibrillation (AF) is one of the most common cardiac arrhythmias. Implantable and wearable cardiac devices have enabled the detection of asymptomatic AF episodes-termed subclinical AF (SCAF). SCAF, the prevalence of which is likely significantly underestimated, is associated with increased cardiovascular and all-cause mortality and a significant stroke risk. Recent advances in machine learning, namely artificial intelligence-enabled ECG (AI-ECG), have enabled identification of patients at higher likelihood of SCAF. Leveraging the capabilities of AI-ECG algorithms to drive screening protocols could eventually allow for earlier detection and treatment and help reduce the burden associated with AF.</p>","PeriodicalId":8056,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":10.5,"publicationDate":"2022-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39741347","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 8
Organoid Models for Infectious Disease. 传染病的类器官模型。
IF 10.5 1区 医学
Annual review of medicine Pub Date : 2022-01-27 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-med-042320-023055
Sarah E Blutt, Mary K Estes
{"title":"Organoid Models for Infectious Disease.","authors":"Sarah E Blutt,&nbsp;Mary K Estes","doi":"10.1146/annurev-med-042320-023055","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-med-042320-023055","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Infectious diseases affect individual health and have widespread societal impacts. New ex vivo models are critical to understand pathogenesis, host response, and features necessary to develop preventive and therapeutic treatments. Pluripotent and tissue stem cell-derived organoids provide new tools for the study of human infections. Organoid models recapitulate many characteristics of in vivo disease and are providing new insights into human respiratory, gastrointestinal, and neuronal host-microbe interactions. Increasing culture complexity by adding the stroma, interorgan communication, and the microbiome will improve the use of organoids as models for infection. Organoid cultures provide a platform with the capability to improve human health related to infectious diseases.</p>","PeriodicalId":8056,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":10.5,"publicationDate":"2022-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8887824/pdf/nihms-1779067.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9566656","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 15
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