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Annual review of medicine最新文献

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Clinically Suspected and Biopsy-Proven Myocarditis Temporally Associated with SARS-CoV-2 Infection. 临床怀疑和活检证实与SARS-CoV-2感染有关的心肌炎。
IF 10.5 1区 医学
Annual review of medicine Pub Date : 2022-01-27 Epub Date: 2021-09-10 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-med-042220-023859
Alida L P Caforio, Anna Baritussio, Cristina Basso, Renzo Marcolongo
{"title":"Clinically Suspected and Biopsy-Proven Myocarditis Temporally Associated with SARS-CoV-2 Infection.","authors":"Alida L P Caforio,&nbsp;Anna Baritussio,&nbsp;Cristina Basso,&nbsp;Renzo Marcolongo","doi":"10.1146/annurev-med-042220-023859","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-med-042220-023859","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We review current data on clinically suspected [European Society of Cardiology (ESC) 2013 criteria] and biopsy-proven [ESC and World Health Organization (WHO) criteria] myocarditis that is temporally associated with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. ESC/WHO etiological diagnosis of viral myocarditis is based on histological and immunohistological evidence of nonischemic myocyte necrosis and monolymphocytic infiltration, i.e., myocarditis, plus the identification of a specific cardiotropic virus by molecular techniques, in particular polymerase chain reaction (PCR)/in-situ hybridization, on endomyocardial biopsy (EMB)/autopsy tissue. There is not yet definitive EMB/autopsy proof that SARS-CoV-2 causes direct cardiomyocyte damage in association with histological myocarditis. Clinical epidemiology data suggest that myocarditis is uncommon for both SARS-CoV-2-positive and -negative PCR cases. We hypothesize that the rare virus-negative biopsy-proven cases may represent new-onset immune-mediated or latent pre-existing autoimmune forms,triggered or fostered by the hyperinflammatory state of severe COVID-19. We recommend the application of the ESC/WHO definitions and diagnostic criteria in future reports to avoid low-quality scientific information leading to an inaccurate estimate of myocarditis incidence based on misdiagnosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":8056,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":10.5,"publicationDate":"2022-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39404133","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 18
Diagnosis and Treatment of Helicobacter pylori Infection. 幽门螺杆菌感染的诊断与治疗。
IF 10.5 1区 医学
Annual review of medicine Pub Date : 2022-01-27 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-med-042220-020814
Yi-Chia Lee, Maria Pina Dore, David Y Graham
{"title":"Diagnosis and Treatment of <i>Helicobacter pylori</i> Infection.","authors":"Yi-Chia Lee,&nbsp;Maria Pina Dore,&nbsp;David Y Graham","doi":"10.1146/annurev-med-042220-020814","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-med-042220-020814","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The last 5 years have seen major shifts in defining whom to test and how to treat <i>Helicobacter pylori</i> infection. Peptic ulcer has changed from a chronic disease to a one-off condition, and countries with a high incidence of gastric cancer have begun implementing population-wide screening and treatment. A proactive approach to testing and treatment of <i>H. pylori</i> is now recommended, including outreach to family members of individuals diagnosed with active infection as well as high-risk local populations such as immigrants from high-risk countries. Increasing antimicrobial resistance has resulted in an overall decline in treatment success, causing a rethinking of the approach to development of treatment guidelines as well as the need to adopt the principles of antibiotic usage and antimicrobial stewardship. Required changes include abandoning empiric use of clarithromycin, metronidazole, and levofloxacin triple therapies. Here, we discuss these transformations and give guidance regarding testing and use of therapies that are effective when given empirically.</p>","PeriodicalId":8056,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":10.5,"publicationDate":"2022-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39864810","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 40
Hypoxia Reduction Sensitizes Refractory Cancers to Immunotherapy. 缺氧还原使难治性癌症对免疫治疗敏感。
IF 10.5 1区 医学
Annual review of medicine Pub Date : 2022-01-27 Epub Date: 2021-10-26 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-med-060619-022830
Priyamvada Jayaprakash, Paolo Dario Angelo Vignali, Greg M Delgoffe, Michael A Curran
{"title":"Hypoxia Reduction Sensitizes Refractory Cancers to Immunotherapy.","authors":"Priyamvada Jayaprakash,&nbsp;Paolo Dario Angelo Vignali,&nbsp;Greg M Delgoffe,&nbsp;Michael A Curran","doi":"10.1146/annurev-med-060619-022830","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-med-060619-022830","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In order to fuel their relentless expansion, cancers must expand their vasculature to augment delivery of oxygen and essential nutrients. The disordered web of irregular vessels that results, however, leaves gaps in oxygen delivery that foster tumor hypoxia. At the same time, tumor cells increase their oxidative metabolism to cope with the energetic demands of proliferation, which further worsens hypoxia due to heightened oxygen consumption. In these hypoxic, nutrient-deprived environments, tumors and suppressive stroma evolve to flourish while antitumor immunity collapses due to a combination of energetic deprivation, toxic metabolites, acidification, and other suppressive signals. Reversal of cancer hypoxia thus has the potential to increase the survival and effector function of tumor-infiltrating T cells, as well as to resensitize tumors to immunotherapy. Early clinical trials combining hypoxia reduction with immune checkpoint blockade have shown promising results in treating patients with advanced, metastatic, and therapeutically refractory cancers.</p>","PeriodicalId":8056,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":10.5,"publicationDate":"2022-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39558536","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 22
COVID-19 Vaccines: Adenoviral Vectors. COVID-19 疫苗：腺病毒载体。
IF 15.1 1区 医学
Annual review of medicine Pub Date : 2022-01-27 Epub Date: 2021-10-05 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-med-012621-102252
Catherine Jacob-Dolan, Dan H Barouch
{"title":"COVID-19 Vaccines: Adenoviral Vectors.","authors":"Catherine Jacob-Dolan, Dan H Barouch","doi":"10.1146/annurev-med-012621-102252","DOIUrl":"10.1146/annurev-med-012621-102252","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The worldwide pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has led to the unprecedented pace of development of multiple vaccines. This review evaluates how adenovirus (Ad) vector platforms have been leveraged in response to this pandemic. Ad vectors have been used in the past for vaccines against other viruses, most notably HIV and Ebola, but they never have been produced, distributed, or administered to humans at such a large scale. Several different serotypes of Ads encoding SARS-CoV-2 Spike have been tested and found to be efficacious against COVID-19. As vaccine rollouts continue and the number of people receiving these vaccines increases, we will continue to learn about this vaccine platform for COVID-19 prevention and control.</p>","PeriodicalId":8056,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":15.1,"publicationDate":"2022-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8795482/pdf/nihms-1755378.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9180070","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Neurologic Manifestations and Complications of COVID-19. COVID-19的神经系统表现和并发症。
IF 10.5 1区 医学
Annual review of medicine Pub Date : 2022-01-27 Epub Date: 2021-08-20 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-med-042320-010427
Matthew K Hensley, Desiree Markantone, Hallie C Prescott
{"title":"Neurologic Manifestations and Complications of COVID-19.","authors":"Matthew K Hensley,&nbsp;Desiree Markantone,&nbsp;Hallie C Prescott","doi":"10.1146/annurev-med-042320-010427","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-med-042320-010427","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has created a global pandemic. Beyond the well-described respiratory manifestations, SARS-CoV-2 may cause a variety of neurologic complications, including headaches, alteration in taste and smell, encephalopathy, cerebrovascular disease, myopathy, psychiatric diseases, and ocular disorders. Herein we describe SARS-CoV-2's mechanism of neuroinvasion and the epidemiology, outcomes, and treatments for neurologic manifestations of COVID-19.</p>","PeriodicalId":8056,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":10.5,"publicationDate":"2022-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39329906","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 20
Endoscopic Approaches to Obesity Management. 内窥镜治疗肥胖症的方法。
IF 10.5 1区 医学
Annual review of medicine Pub Date : 2022-01-27 Epub Date: 2021-09-23 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-med-042320-125832
Russell D Dolan, Allison R Schulman
{"title":"Endoscopic Approaches to Obesity Management.","authors":"Russell D Dolan,&nbsp;Allison R Schulman","doi":"10.1146/annurev-med-042320-125832","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-med-042320-125832","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The field of endoscopic bariatric and metabolic therapy has rapidly evolved from offering endoscopic treatment of weight regain following bariatric surgery to providing primary weight loss options as alternatives to pharmacologic and surgical interventions. Gastric devices and remodeling procedures were initially designed to work through a mechanism of volume restriction, leading to earlier satiety and reduced caloric intake. As the field continues to grow, small bowel interventions are evolving that may have some effect on weight loss but focus on the treatment of obesity-related comorbidities. Future implementation of combination therapy that utilizes both gastric and small bowel interventions offers an exciting option to further augment weight loss and alleviate metabolic disease. This review considers gastric devices and techniques including space-occupying intragastric balloons, aspiration therapy, endoscopic tissue suturing, and plication interventions, followed by a review of small bowel interventions including endoluminal bypass liners, duodenal mucosal resurfacing, and endoscopically delivered devices to create incisionless anastomoses.</p>","PeriodicalId":8056,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":10.5,"publicationDate":"2022-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39442146","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 4
Clonal Expansion of Stem/Progenitor Cells in Cancer, Fibrotic Diseases, and Atherosclerosis, and CD47 Protection of Pathogenic Cells. 癌症、纤维疾病和动脉粥样硬化中干/祖细胞的克隆扩增，以及CD47对致病细胞的保护。
IF 10.5 1区 医学
Annual review of medicine Pub Date : 2022-01-27 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-med-042420-104436
R Majeti, C Jamieson, W W Pang, S Jaiswal, N J Leeper, G Wernig, I L Weissman
{"title":"Clonal Expansion of Stem/Progenitor Cells in Cancer, Fibrotic Diseases, and Atherosclerosis, and CD47 Protection of Pathogenic Cells.","authors":"R Majeti,&nbsp;C Jamieson,&nbsp;W W Pang,&nbsp;S Jaiswal,&nbsp;N J Leeper,&nbsp;G Wernig,&nbsp;I L Weissman","doi":"10.1146/annurev-med-042420-104436","DOIUrl":"10.1146/annurev-med-042420-104436","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We proposed and demonstrated that myelogenous leukemia has a preleukemic phase. In the premalignant phase, normal hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) gradually accumulate mutations leading to HSC clonal expansion, resulting in the emergence of leukemic stem cells (LSCs). Here, we show that preleukemic HSCs are the basis of clonal hematopoiesis, as well as late-onset blood diseases (chronic-phase chronic myeloid leukemia, myeloproliferative neoplasms, and myelodysplastic disease). The clones at some point each trigger surface expression of \"eat me\" signals for macrophages, and in the clones and their LSC progeny, this is countered by upregulation of \"don't eat me\" signals for macrophages such as CD47,opening the possibility of CD47-based therapies. We include evidence that similar processes result in fibroblast expansion in a variety of fibrotic diseases, and arterial smooth muscle clonal expansion is a basis of atherosclerosis, including upregulation of both \"eat me\" and \"don't eat me\" molecules on the pathogenic cells.</p>","PeriodicalId":8056,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":10.5,"publicationDate":"2022-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39864809","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 4
Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy: New Concepts and Therapies. 肥厚性心肌病:新概念和治疗。
IF 10.5 1区 医学
Annual review of medicine Pub Date : 2022-01-27 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-med-042220-021539
Barry J Maron, Ethan J Rowin, Martin S Maron
{"title":"Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy: New Concepts and Therapies.","authors":"Barry J Maron,&nbsp;Ethan J Rowin,&nbsp;Martin S Maron","doi":"10.1146/annurev-med-042220-021539","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-med-042220-021539","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), a relatively common, globally distributed, and often inherited myocardial disorder, transformed over the last several years into a treatable condition with the emergence of effective management options that alter natural history at all ages. Now available are a matured risk stratification algorithm selecting patients for prophylactic implantable defibrillators that prevent arrhythmic sudden death; low-risk, high-benefit surgical myectomy to reverse progressive heart failure symptoms due to left ventricular outflow obstruction; anticoagulation prophylaxis to prevent atrial fibrillation-mediated embolic stroke; and heart transplant for refractory end-stage disease in the absence of obstruction. Those strategies have resulted in reduction of HCM-related morbidity and reduction of mortality to 0.5% per year.</p>","PeriodicalId":8056,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":10.5,"publicationDate":"2022-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39864807","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 12
Current Approaches in Managing Colonic Serrated Polyps and Serrated Polyposis. 治疗结肠锯齿状息肉和锯齿状息肉病的最新方法。
IF 10.5 1区 医学
Annual review of medicine Pub Date : 2022-01-27 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-med-042220-024703
David E F W M van Toledo, Joep E G IJspeert, Evelien Dekker
{"title":"Current Approaches in Managing Colonic Serrated Polyps and Serrated Polyposis.","authors":"David E F W M van Toledo,&nbsp;Joep E G IJspeert,&nbsp;Evelien Dekker","doi":"10.1146/annurev-med-042220-024703","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-med-042220-024703","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>For decades, conventional adenomas were the only known precursor lesions of colorectal cancer (CRC). Accordingly, education and research regarding CRC prevention were mainly focused on adenomas. The groundbreaking discovery that serrated polyps (SPs) also have the potential to develop into CRCs, and seem to account for a considerable proportion of sporadic CRCs, has led to a paradigm shift in the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of CRC. Studies in recent years have led to our current understanding of SPs and associated CRC, but a lot of work is still to be done to further improve knowledge about this serrated neoplasia pathway and the clinical management of SPs and serrated polyposis syndrome (SPS). In this review, we reflect on the current understanding of SPs with respect to terminology, detection, resection, and surveillance and reflect on the management of SPS.</p>","PeriodicalId":8056,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":10.5,"publicationDate":"2022-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39864808","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 5
Spontaneous Coronary Artery Dissection: New Insights into This Not-So-Rare Condition. 自发性冠状动脉夹层:对这种不太罕见的疾病的新见解。
IF 10.5 1区 医学
Annual review of medicine Pub Date : 2022-01-27 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-med-052819-023826
Jennifer Lewey, Stephanie C El Hajj, Sharonne N Hayes
{"title":"Spontaneous Coronary Artery Dissection: New Insights into This Not-So-Rare Condition.","authors":"Jennifer Lewey,&nbsp;Stephanie C El Hajj,&nbsp;Sharonne N Hayes","doi":"10.1146/annurev-med-052819-023826","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-med-052819-023826","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Spontaneous coronary artery dissection (SCAD) is an uncommon but increasingly recognized cause of acute myocardial infarction (MI) among young and middle-aged women and is an important cause of pregnancy-associated MI. Over 90% of SCAD patients are women. Compared to patients with MI caused by atherosclerosis, SCAD patients have fewer cardiovascular risk factors but more often have systemic arteriopathy, most commonly fibromuscular dysplasia. Angiographically, SCAD is characterized by the presence of an intramural hematoma with or without an intimal tear. Accurate recognition of characteristic findings on coronary angiography is critical, as there are important differences in the acute and long-term management of MI caused by SCAD versus atherosclerosis. Acutely, most SCAD patients should be managed conservatively, since percutaneous revascularization is associated with more complications and SCAD-affected vessels usually heal without intervention. Randomized clinical trials and other prospective evaluations are needed, especially to clarify optimal treatment and prevention strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":8056,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":10.5,"publicationDate":"2022-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39864811","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 9
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