Annals of Clinical Microbiology and Antimicrobials最新文献

{"title":"Unlocking p-coumaric acid's potential against biofilm-forming extensively drug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii: in vitro and in vivo study.","authors":"Noha A Attia, Ahmed A Abdelaziz, Fatma I Sonbol, Amal M Abo-Kamar, Lamiaa A Al-Madboly","doi":"10.1186/s12941-026-00859-2","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12941-026-00859-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The global rise of extensively drug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii, particularly biofilm-forming strains, has drastically limited treatment options and created an urgent need for novel therapies to restore antibiotic efficacy. This study explored p-coumaric acid (p-CA) as a potential dual-action agent to combat biofilm-associated XDR Acinetobacter baumannii infections and restore imipenem efficacy.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Among 100 clinical Acinetobacter baumannii isolates, 32 were identified as XDR and exhibited resistance to imipenem. The antimicrobial and antibiofilm efficacy of p-CA was systematically evaluated through comprehensive in vitro assays and an in vivo rat infection model. Minimum inhibitory concentrations were determined via the broth microdilution method, and the potential modulation effect on imipenem efficacy was investigated. To assess biofilm inhibition and disruption, quantitative analyses were performed using the crystal violet staining technique, complemented by evaluating its impact on the bacterial cell surface hydrophobicity and exopolysaccharide production. Biofilm structural changes were analyzed via light, scanning electron, and confocal laser scanning microscopy. Additionally, the expression levels of key biofilm-associated genes were quantified via quantitative reverse transcription PCR.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The p-CA exhibited potent antimicrobial activity against the tested isolates (MIC: 512 µg/mL) and synergized with imipenem, reducing its MIC by 512-fold. At subinhibitory concentrations (¼-½ MIC), it inhibited biofilm formation (66.2-80.5%, p < 0.05) and disrupted pre-formed biofilms (45.8-71.3%, p < 0.05), likely via altered cell surface hydrophobicity and reduced EPS production. Microscopic imaging corroborated these findings, revealing substantial structural degradation of biofilms upon treatment. At the molecular level, p-CA significantly downregulated (p < 0.05) the key biofilm-associated genes (abaI, bfmR, bap, csuE, and pgaB), as quantified by RT-qPCR. In vivo, the p-CA/imipenem combination significantly enhanced the survival rates (100%, p < 0.05) and reduced the lung bacterial burden (p < 0.001). Histopathological examination showed near-complete restoration of alveolar architecture by 72 h post-treatment in the combination therapy group.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These findings position p-CA as a promising dual-action adjuvant against XDR Acinetobacer baumannii infections, particularly in biofilm-associated contexts. It combines direct antimicrobial activity, biofilm disruption, and synergy with imipenem to address critical treatment gaps.</p>","PeriodicalId":8052,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Clinical Microbiology and Antimicrobials","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2026-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13123207/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147661929","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Charcoal agar interference in antibiotic susceptibility testing of Bordetella pertussis: evaluation and alternative methodologies.","authors":"Wei Wang, Lin Wang, Kaichong Jiang, Jianyong Tang, Shuyue Tang, Wenjuan Zhao, Zengguo Wang","doi":"10.1186/s12941-026-00856-5","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12941-026-00856-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>BACKGROUND: Erythromycin-resistant Bordetella pertussis (ERBP) has increased sharply in China, posing significant challenges to clinical treatment. The lack of a standardized antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) system for B. pertussis makes it difficult to screen out effective antibiotics, which further aggravates the generation of drug-resistant strains and causes a vicious cycle. In this study, we modified a superior charcoal-free medium for antibiotic susceptibility testing, enabling more reliable evaluation of antibiotic efficacy. METHODS: The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of erythromycin (E), trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX), levofloxacin (LVF), and piperacillin (PIP) were determined using E-test strips on the agar plates with and without charcoal. The performance of these two media for AST was compared to establish a more accurate laboratory detection method. Subsequently, the superior charcoal-free medium was used to assess the antibiotic susceptibility of 98 B. pertussis strains isolated from clinical specimens after the COVID-19 pandemic, analyzing the sensitivity distribution of these first-line and alternative antibiotics. RESULTS: The MIC values of TMP-SMX and LVF were significantly higher on charcoal-containing agar plates than on charcoal-free medium. E-test results revealed that the MICs of B. pertussis strains to TMP-SMX and LVF had increased by approximately five gradient levels on the charcoal-containing agar compared to charcoal-free agar. Quality control (QC) testing demonstrated that the MICs of TMP/SMX and LVX fell outside the acceptable QC range due to adsorption by charcoal particles. Antimicrobial susceptibility of 98 B. pertussis clinical isolates showed that all strains were resistant to E with the MIC90 exceeded the maximum value (> 256 μg/mL). The overall MIC90 values for TMP-SMX, LVF and PIP were 1/0.75/<0.016  μg/mL on charcoal-containing agar and 0.023/0.008/<0.016 μg/mL on charcoal-free medium, respectively. Statistical analysis of violin plots confirmed that the MIC values of the second-line antibiotic TMP-SMX and LVF were significantly elevated on charcoal-containing agar. CONCLUSION: An accurate AST method can provide crucial guidance for optimal antibiotic selection in patients with B. pertussis infections. Our findings demonstrate that charcoal-free agar serves as an effective alternative medium for reliable AST of B. pertussis clinical isolates. </p>","PeriodicalId":8052,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Clinical Microbiology and Antimicrobials","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2026-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13147592/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147519798","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An ultra-sensitive cell-free DNA-based diagnostic assay for Tuberculous pleurisy utilizing the CRISPR-Cas13a system.","authors":"Weicong Ren, Mengjie Yang, You Zhou, Yinghui Yang, Haoran Li, Yanqin Chen, Shanshan Li, Yu Pang","doi":"10.1186/s12941-026-00858-3","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12941-026-00858-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Tuberculous pleurisy (TP), a predominant form of extrapulmonary tuberculosis, presents significant diagnostic challenges attributable to the paucibacillary nature of pleural effusion (PE) specimens. Cell-free Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) DNA in PE represents a promising biomarker for TP diagnosis. This study aimed to develop and assess a novel cell-free DNA (cfDNA)-CRISPR assay targeting MTB DNA in PE supernatants.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Patients with suspected TP were prospectively enrolled at Beijing Chest Hospital. PE samples underwent centrifugation, with sediments tested by MTB/RIF Xpert (Xpert) testing and mycobacterial culture, while supernatants were analyzed using the cfDNA-CRISPR assay. Diagnostic performance was evaluated using a composite reference standard (CRS).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of 276 participants, 237 (85.9%) were included in the final analysis. Based on the CRS, cases were stratified as follows: 63 definite TP, 70probable TP, and 104 non-TP controls. The cfDNA-CRISPR assay in definite TP demonstrated superior sensitivity (81.0%) compared to mycobacterial culture (33.3%, P < 0.001) and Xpert (42.9%, P < 0.001). In probable TP, where both Culture and Xpert were negative, cfDNA-CRISPR maintained high sensitivity (80.0%), exceeding that of ADA testing (64.3%, P < 0.05). Overall sensitivity of cfDNA-CRISPR for TP was 80.5%, markedly higher than Culture (15.8%) and Xpert (20.3%) (both P < 0.001). The cfDNA-CRISPR assay exhibited a specificity of 94.2%, while both Culture and Xpert achieved 100% specificity.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The cfDNA-CRISPR assay based on the CRISPR-Cas13a system offers significantly improved sensitivity over conventional methods for detecting MTB in PE. It represents a promising, non-invasive diagnostic tool for enhancing TP detection in clinical practice.</p>","PeriodicalId":8052,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Clinical Microbiology and Antimicrobials","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2026-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13141290/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147508838","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Species-dependent in polymyxin B heteroresistance: genomic insights into adaptive evolution in Enterobacteriaceae.","authors":"Hui Zhang, Linna Xu, Xiaofen Mo, Biao Tang, Junfeng Fan, Tingting Xiao, Qixia Luo, Fen Wan","doi":"10.1186/s12941-026-00857-4","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12941-026-00857-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Polymyxin heteroresistance poses a growing challenge in antimicrobial resistance management, yet its epidemiological features and molecular basis across different bacterial species and environments remain poorly understood. This study aimed to systematically evaluate the prevalence and genomic mechanisms of heteroresistance in Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 416 isolates (272 E. coli and 144 K. pneumoniae) were identified by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS). Polymyxin heteroresistance was characterized using population analysis profiling (PAP) with stability validation. All isolates underwent antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) and whole-genome sequencing (WGS) for genomic analysis. An in vitro induction model was used to track resistance evolution.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Heteroresistance prevalence was significantly higher in animal-derived than human-derived E. coli (17.83% vs. 2.10%, p < 0.01). Animal-derived resistant subpopulations carried distinct mutations in the two-components systems (TCSs) phoPQ-pmrAB/D. Structural modeling indicated that a PmrB T156M substitution disrupts kinase domain integrity, potentially triggering heteroresistance. Community-associated K. pneumoniae showed lower heteroresistance rates than clinical strains (34.03% vs. 76.62%, p < 0.01), with divergent insertion sequence (IS) distributions in the mgrB gene (IS903B/ISKpn74 vs. ISKpn26/ISKpn14). When challenged with polymyxin pressure, K. pneumoniae exhibited a significantly faster progression to polymyxin resistance than E. coli.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study emphasizes the persistent influence of historical agricultural polymyxin use on the development of heteroresistance among E. coli and K. pneumoniae with diverse sources. The complexity of heteroresistance requires more cautious antibiotic selection and tailored therapeutic strategies in clinical practice to combat antimicrobial resistance.</p>","PeriodicalId":8052,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Clinical Microbiology and Antimicrobials","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2026-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13137491/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147508857","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative evaluation of Anyplex™ MTB/NTM, Xpert MTB/RIF ultra, culture, and microscopy for the diagnosis of pediatric tuberculosis using gastric aspirates.","authors":"Matúš Dohál, Věra Dvořáková, Michaela Hromádková, Peter Kunč, Jaroslav Fábry, Igor Porvazník, Ivan Solovič, Karolína Doležalová, Michaela Krivošová, Juraj Mokrý","doi":"10.1186/s12941-026-00854-7","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12941-026-00854-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Paediatric tuberculosis (TB) diagnosis remains a challenge due to the paucibacillary nature of the disease, resulting in 51.00% of TB cases remaining undiagnosed, rising to 58% in children under five years of age.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study evaluates the effectiveness of different microbiological methods (Xpert^® MTB/RIF Ultra, Anyplex™ MTB/NTM, culture and microscopy) for TB detection in gastric aspirate (GA) samples collected from 483 paediatric patients in Slovakia and the Czech Republic. The sensitivity of each diagnostic method was further analyzed according to patient age.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The highest sensitivity was observed with the Anyplex MTB/NTM assay (38.94%). Interestingly, Xpert MTB/RIF Ultra exhibited lower sensitivity than culture (16.67% versus 21.27%). Considering all methods together, the positivity was not significantly associated with age. The overall positivity rate of all diagnostic methods combined was higher in children under five years (46.7%) and adolescents aged 16-18 years (54.2%) compared with those aged 6-15 years (31.2%). Similarly, the sensitivity of individual diagnostic methods (except Xpert MTB/RIF Ultra) followed the same trend.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These data indicate that gastric aspirate microbiology provides only moderate confirmation of paediatric TB in routine practice, and that nucleic acid amplification-based technologies (NAAT) should be used as part of a complementary diagnostic strategy alongside culture and smear microscopy, with culture remaining essential for drug susceptibility testing. Because NAAT platforms were applied in different centre-specific cohorts, the findings should be interpreted as real-world yields rather than a head-to-head comparison, and future work should prioritise standardised sampling and evaluation of non-invasive alternatives (e.g., stool) across age groups.</p>","PeriodicalId":8052,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Clinical Microbiology and Antimicrobials","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2026-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13081516/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147376029","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of the evolution mechanism of in-host drug resistance of Klebsiella pneumoniae during treatment with tigecycline, eravacycline and Polymyxin B.","authors":"Jianhua Fang, Miao Deng, Zhongmin Li, Hongyi Lai, Rongfan Lai, Huade Chen, Zucan Luo, Zhibo Tao, Na Cheng, Tianxin Xiang","doi":"10.1186/s12941-025-00841-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12941-025-00841-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Infections caused by Carbapenem-Resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (CRKP) have become a serious threat to global public health. We reported fatal infections associated with Klebsiella pneumoniae (KP) and revealed the evolution of in-host drug resistance that occurred during tigecycline, eravacycline and Polymyxin B treatments. In this study, six strains of KP were isolated from one patient with liver cirrhosis and chronic liver failure. Among them, one strain is Carbapenem-Sensitive Klebsiella pneumoniae (CSKP) and five strains are CRKP cloned from ST11-KL64. Polymyxin B drug sensitivity tests were conducted on strains d5, d13, d15, d17 and d21. It was found that d5 and d15 were sensitive to Polymyxin B, while strains d13, d17 and d21 were resistant to Polymyxin B. The results of drug sensitivity were consistent with the expression level of the colistin resistance gene pmrB and also consistent with the SNP difference results of pmrB in these five strains. These results further prove that the mutation site of the Polymyxin B pmrB resistance gene in this study is the Thr mutation at position 469 to Pro, which is a new mutation mechanism of the Polymyxin B resistance gene. The drug sensitivity results of eravacycline and tigecycline were consistent with their SNP difference results. It was found that position 523 on the ABC efflux pump system mutated from Ala to Thr, suggesting that the evolution of drug resistance of tigecycline and eravacycline may be related to the ABC efflux pump. The results indicated that Klebsiella pneumoniae witnessed the evolution of drug resistance in the host during the treatment with Polymyxin B, eravacycline and tigecycline, posing a potential threat to clinical anti-infective treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":8052,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Clinical Microbiology and Antimicrobials","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147368747","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Airborne Mycobacterium tuberculosis inactivated by advanced photohydrolysis technology.","authors":"Jennifer E Peel, Alyssa A Varghese, Reina N Paez, Sadhana Chauhan, Janice J Endsley, William S Lawrence","doi":"10.1186/s12941-026-00855-6","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12941-026-00855-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Tuberculosis is a respiratory infectious disease that persists worldwide, largely due to the robustness and ease of dissemination of its causative agent, Mycobacterium tuberculosis. To mitigate the spread of infection, various measures have been developed to inactivate the bacteria in its aerosol form. Advanced photohydrolysis technology (APHT) was previously reported to inactivate both respiratory viral and bacterial pathogens; however, its efficacy against M. tuberculosis has yet to be evaluated. In this study, we assessed the ability of APHT to inactivate aerosolized M. tuberculosis. The bacteria were aerosolized into a custom chamber containing an APHT device, which was operated for 1 and 10 min after aerosolization. A control device lacking the APHT component was used for comparison. The APHT device achieved a 1.3-log₁₀ reduction (approximately 95%) in bacterial load after 1 min and a 2.26-log₁₀ reduction (over 99%) after 10 min. This study demonstrates the ability of APHT to inactivate aerosolized M. tuberculosis and supports its application as a possible effective infection control intervention.</p>","PeriodicalId":8052,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Clinical Microbiology and Antimicrobials","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2026-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13067662/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147347264","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Emergence of hypervirulent ESBL-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae with high virulence and antibiotic resistance in Southwest of Iran.","authors":"Fatemeh Sefati, Razieh Dehbanipour, Mohammad Amin Ghatee, Asghar Sharifi, Seyed Abdolmajid Khosravani","doi":"10.1186/s12941-026-00853-8","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12941-026-00853-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>BACKGROUND: This study investigates the prevalence of hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae (hvKp) in clinical isolates, emphasizing hypermucoviscosity, virulence-related genes, capsular serotype, and extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) genes. METHODS: During a 12-month surveillance study, a total of 144 K. pneumoniae isolates were obtained from various clinical specimens of patients referred to teaching hospitals in Yasuj, Iran. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed for various classes of antibiotics using the disk diffusion method. Detection of virulence genes (rmpA, rmpA2, iucA, peg-344), capsular serotype (K1, K2), and ESBLs (blaSHV, blaTEM, blaCTX-M) was conducted using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). RESULTS: A total of 31 isolates (21.5%) were identified as hvKp, while 113 (78.5%) were classified as cKp. Among hvKp, iucA (100%) and rmpA2 (77.4%) were the most prevalent virulence genes, while among all K. pneumoniae isolates, rmpA, rmpA2, and iucA were detected in 11.1%, 16.7% and 21.5%, respectively. Capsular serotype K2 was found in 21.5% of isolates and 9.7% of hvKp, while serotype K1 was not detected in any isolate. ESBL production was observed in 22.2% of isolates and 22.6% of hvKp. Genotypically, blaSHV, blaCTX-M, and blaTEM were identified in 88.9%, 69.4%, and 58.3% of isolates and in 90.3%, 100%, and 74.2% of hvKp, respectively. The highest resistance to third-generation cephalosporins, including cefotaxime, ceftazidime, and ceftriaxone, was observed among all 144 K. pneumoniae isolates as well as hypervirulent strains, whereas gentamicin showed the highest susceptibility. Multidrug-resistant (MDR), extensively drug-resistant (XDR), and carbapenem-resistant K. pneumoniae (CRKP) were identified in 72.9%, 59.7%, and 79.2% of isolates, respectively. In comparison, all these resistance phenotypes were observed in 90.3% of hvKp strains. CONCLUSIONS: These findings demonstrate strong coexistence of virulence and resistance in K. pneumoniae, particularly among hvKp. The high prevalence of virulence factors such as iucA (100%) and rmpA2 (77.4%), with MDR, XDR, and CRKP phenotypes detected in 90.3% of hvKp isolates, indicates a critical situation and emphasizes the need for accurate molecular diagnosis, continuous monitoring, and rational antibiotic use. </p>","PeriodicalId":8052,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Clinical Microbiology and Antimicrobials","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2026-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13107583/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147343509","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of diagnostic performance of comprehensive respiratory virus panel: comparison of next-generation-sequencing to real-time polymerase chain reaction for detection of respiratory viruses.","authors":"Sojin Lee, Yoonjung Kim, Kyung-A Lee","doi":"10.1186/s12941-026-00851-w","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12941-026-00851-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Respiratory viral infections remain a global health concern, particularly among children, the elderly, and immunocompromised individuals. Although real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) is the diagnostic gold standard, its limitations in strain-level typing and mutation tracking highlight the need for complementary approaches such as next-generation sequencing (NGS).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We compared a hybridization-based NGS respiratory virus panel (RVP) in comparison with RT-PCR using 81 nasopharyngeal swab (NPS) specimens. The performance metrics included concordance rates, cycle threshold (Ct)-based stratification, co-infection detection, and strain-level classification.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among the 81 NPS specimens, RT-PCR identified respiratory viruses in 56 cases, including eight co-infections. Excluding co-infections, RVP showed 74.5% positive percent agreement, 92.3% negative percent agreement, and 80.8% overall accuracy. The detection and positive concordance rates declined with higher Ct values, and the sequencing depth also decreased. In co-infections, RVP failed to detect low-titer viruses. Strain-level classification was achieved in 65.5% of the positive samples, by subtyping rhinovirus A and C, respiratory syncytial virus A and B, and influenza A (H1N1 and H3N2).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>NGS panel tests complement RT-PCR by enabling viral detection and strain typing, thereby offering added value to genomic surveillance and outbreak investigations.</p>","PeriodicalId":8052,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Clinical Microbiology and Antimicrobials","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2026-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13041287/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147281816","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genomic epidemiology and aztreonam-avibactam resistance mechanisms of Proteus mirabilis in china: an eight-year retrospective study.","authors":"Jingyi Guo, Chengjin Wu, Xinyan Tang, Linfang Wang, Yan Qi, Yunsong Yu, Yuexing Tu, Linyue Zhang, Xi Li","doi":"10.1186/s12941-026-00852-9","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12941-026-00852-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Proteus mirabilis has emerged as an important multidrug-resistant opportunistic pathogen, with the production of metallo-β-lactamases (MBLs) being a major contributor to its broad-spectrum resistance. Although the aztreonam-avibactam (ATM-AVI) combination represents a key therapeutic option against MBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae, the mechanisms underlying ATM-AVI resistance in P. mirabilis has not yet been reported.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 176 multidrug-resistant P. mirabilis isolates were collected from a tertiary hospital in China (2017-2024). Antimicrobial susceptibility testing identified ATM-AVI-resistant isolates (MIC ≥ 8/4 µg/mL). Whole-genome sequencing, gene cloning, RT-qPCR, and copy number analyses were used to determine resistance mechanisms. Growth rate assays evaluated fitness costs, and global phylogenetic analysis elucidated evolutionary and dissemination patterns.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Twelve isolates (6.8%, 12/176) were resistant to ATM-AVI, all carrying the bla_PER-4 gene. Cloning experiments confirmed that bla_PER-4 conferred significantly higher ATM-AVI resistance than bla_PER-1. Increased resistance correlated with bla_PER-4 overexpression and gene copy number amplification. Whole-genome analysis showed that bla_PER-4 was embedded in ISCR1-associated class 1 integrons located on both plasmids and chromosomes, with a strain carrying eight tandem chromosomal copies. These structures likely mediated gene amplification via rolling-circle replication and homologous recombination. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that bla_PER-4-positive isolates were mainly associated with the ST135 lineage, suggesting transmission event within hospitals. Global data demonstrated that bla_PER-4-carrying P. mirabilis strains were predominantly found in China (80%, 12/15), while bla_PER-1 strains were more common in the United States.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The bla_PER-4-carrying P. mirabilis, particularly the ST135 clone, represents a high-risk lineage associated with high-level ATM-AVI resistance mediated by gene overexpression and copy number amplification. This finding highlights a novel mechanism of ATM-AVI resistance and underscores the need for continuous genomic surveillance and rational antimicrobial stewardship to prevent its further dissemination.</p>","PeriodicalId":8052,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Clinical Microbiology and Antimicrobials","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2026-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12955263/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146103697","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}