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Annual proceedings. Association for the Advancement of Automotive Medicine最新文献

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Significance of adult pedestrian torso injury. 成人行人躯干损伤的意义。
Annual proceedings. Association for the Advancement of Automotive Medicine Pub Date : 2005-01-01
B Johan Ivarsson, Basem Henary, Jeff R Crandall, Douglas Longhitano
{"title":"Significance of adult pedestrian torso injury.","authors":"B Johan Ivarsson,&nbsp;Basem Henary,&nbsp;Jeff R Crandall,&nbsp;Douglas Longhitano","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The current paper uses data from two trauma registries to evaluate the significance of adult pedestrian torso injury relative to head and lower extremity injuries and to determine the relative importance of injuries to individual torso organs/structures. Analyses are conducted with and without adjusting for striking vehicle body type (car versus LTV). Although the incidence of torso injury is approximately 50% higher in pedestrians struck by LTVs than in those struck by cars, torso injury appears to be as an important contributor to the overall cost of pedestrian morbidity as is lower extremity injury. The most frequently injured torso organs/structures include the rib cage, lung & pleura, and liver. The results indicate a need for an increased focus on the prevention of torso injury in the design of pedestrian safety countermeasures.</p>","PeriodicalId":80490,"journal":{"name":"Annual proceedings. Association for the Advancement of Automotive Medicine","volume":"49 ","pages":"263-77"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3217454/pdf/aam49_p263.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25609396","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
How thirty years of focused safety development has influenced injury outcome in volvo cars. 三十年的安全发展如何影响沃尔沃汽车的伤害结果。
Annual proceedings. Association for the Advancement of Automotive Medicine Pub Date : 2005-01-01
I Isaksson-Hellman, H Norin
{"title":"How thirty years of focused safety development has influenced injury outcome in volvo cars.","authors":"I Isaksson-Hellman,&nbsp;H Norin","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>ABSTRACT This study points out how thirty years of focused safety development has produced a steady decrease in injury rates in car crashes, strongly influenced by a well-structured process. An important part of this process is the knowledge gained by accident research based on collection of data from real world crashes, and the feedback of this research into development work. Statistical analysis shows that the MAIS 2+ injury rate for the most recent car models has decreased by two-thirds compared to the rate for the oldest car models. Calculation of the effect of specific development steps will be given as examples.</p>","PeriodicalId":80490,"journal":{"name":"Annual proceedings. Association for the Advancement of Automotive Medicine","volume":"49 ","pages":"63-77"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3217440/pdf/aam49_p063.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25617922","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Injury patterns and sources of non-ejected occupants in trip-over crashes: a survey of NASS-CDS database from 1997 to 2002. 车祸中未弹出乘客的伤害模式和来源:1997 - 2002年NASS-CDS数据库的调查。
Annual proceedings. Association for the Advancement of Automotive Medicine Pub Date : 2005-01-01
Jingwen Hu, Jong B Lee, King H Yang, Albert I King
{"title":"Injury patterns and sources of non-ejected occupants in trip-over crashes: a survey of NASS-CDS database from 1997 to 2002.","authors":"Jingwen Hu,&nbsp;Jong B Lee,&nbsp;King H Yang,&nbsp;Albert I King","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The objective of this study was to investigate the main injury patterns and sources of non-ejected occupants (i.e. no full/partial ejection) during trip-over crashes, using the NASS-CDS database. Specific injury types and sources of the head, chest, and neck were identified. Results from this study suggest that cerebrum injuries, especially subarachnoid hemorrhage, rib fractures, lung injuries, and cervical spine fractures need to be emphasized if cadaveric tests or numerical simulations are designed to study rollover injury mechanisms. The roof has been identified as the major source for head and neck injuries. However, changing the roof design alone is not likely to improve rollover safety. Instead, the belt restraint systems, passive airbags, roof structure, and new innovations need to be considered in a systematic manner to provide enhanced rollover occupant protection.</p>","PeriodicalId":80490,"journal":{"name":"Annual proceedings. Association for the Advancement of Automotive Medicine","volume":"49 ","pages":"119-32"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3217452/pdf/aam49_p119.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25617926","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Perceptual countermeasures to speeding. 感知超速对策。
Annual proceedings. Association for the Advancement of Automotive Medicine Pub Date : 2005-01-01
Brian Fildes, Bruce Corben, Stuart Newstead, Jemima Macaulay, Thanuja Gunatillake, Michael Tziotis
{"title":"Perceptual countermeasures to speeding.","authors":"Brian Fildes,&nbsp;Bruce Corben,&nbsp;Stuart Newstead,&nbsp;Jemima Macaulay,&nbsp;Thanuja Gunatillake,&nbsp;Michael Tziotis","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>An on-road evaluation of two perceptual countermeasure treatments (an enhanced curve post treatment and peripheral transverse edgelines on the approach to an intersection) was conducted over one year to indicate potential for reducing travel speed. Measures included speed and deceleration profiles, braking, and lateral placement observations taken from video recordings at each site. Data were collected before treatment, immediately after treatment, and 12 months after treatment. The results obtained were quite variable across sites and treatments. At curves, speed effects were mixed with both speed reductions and increases observed immediately after and 12-months later. Braking results tended to support travel speed findings and some improvement in lateral placement were also observed at these locations. At intersections, the results were more stable where speed reductions were more common both immediately after treatment as well as longer-term. There were no differences in braking and lateral placement at these straight-road locations. The findings seem to have been unduly influenced to some degree by misadventure and wear and tear at these sites. It is argued that while the effectiveness of these treatments may be site specific to some degree, they do offer a low-cost solution to reducing travel speed at hazardous locations.</p>","PeriodicalId":80490,"journal":{"name":"Annual proceedings. Association for the Advancement of Automotive Medicine","volume":"49 ","pages":"1-18"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3217459/pdf/aam49_p001.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25598370","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Adolescent predictors of traffic crash patterns from licensure into early young adulthood. 青少年交通事故模式的预测因素从驾照到早期青年成年。
Annual proceedings. Association for the Advancement of Automotive Medicine Pub Date : 2005-01-01
C Raymond Bingham, Jean T Shope
{"title":"Adolescent predictors of traffic crash patterns from licensure into early young adulthood.","authors":"C Raymond Bingham,&nbsp;Jean T Shope","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This paper examines differences in the adolescent psychosocial and problem behavior characteristics of individuals who have stable-low, increasing, stable-high and decreasing frequencies of motor vehicle crashes from licensure into early young adulthood. Problem Behavior Theory was used as the guiding theoretical framework. Study data were collected when the participants were in 10th and 12th grades, and during a young adulthood follow-up telephone survey conducted five to six years later (n = 1,936). For men, stable high crash rates were associated with less parental monitoring and more substance use, and a stable low crash rates were associated with better marks in school. For women, stable high crash rates were associated with poorer marks in school and more substance use, and patterns of both decreasing and stable high crash rates were associated with less parental monitoring and less parental orientation. It is concluded that patterns of motor vehicle crashes are associated with adolescent psychosocial and problem behavior characteristics. Interventions targeting these factors may have broad positive effects on problem behaviors, including problem driving and motor vehicle crashes. In addition, the results of this study may be useful in designing traffic safety policies that target individuals whose psychosocial characteristics indicate that they are at high risk of being involved in a crash.</p>","PeriodicalId":80490,"journal":{"name":"Annual proceedings. Association for the Advancement of Automotive Medicine","volume":"49 ","pages":"245-59"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25609395","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
An evaluation of the effectiveness of the supervised driver-training system in France. 对法国监督驾驶训练系统有效性的评估。
Annual proceedings. Association for the Advancement of Automotive Medicine Pub Date : 2004-01-01
Yves Page, Marie Claude Ouimet, Sophie Cuny
{"title":"An evaluation of the effectiveness of the supervised driver-training system in France.","authors":"Yves Page,&nbsp;Marie Claude Ouimet,&nbsp;Sophie Cuny","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This paper presents an evaluation of the effectiveness of the French Apprentissage Anticipé de la Conduite (AAC), which is an optional initial driver training that seeks to reduce accident risk by novice drivers. The effectiveness of the AAC is estimated using a Case-Control study (521 Cases and 624 Controls) and the adjusted Odds ratio (AAC versus regular) from a multivariate logistic regression. Thirteen risk factors are retained as explanatory variables in the regression. An Odds ratio of 0.9 indicates a non-significant reduction in accident involvement of AAC participants in the two years following the acquisition of their driver's license. The discussion addresses the possible reasons underlying the lack of result, e.g. an absence of varied experience during the AAC period and possible undesirable effects under supervision such as a partial delegation of responsibility for driving tasks by the young driver to the supervisor. Our recommendations include that AAC be integrated into a gradual licensing scheme, and should focus on the gradual acquisition of various driving experiences (in terms of variety of driving situations).</p>","PeriodicalId":80490,"journal":{"name":"Annual proceedings. Association for the Advancement of Automotive Medicine","volume":"48 ","pages":"131-45"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3217433/pdf/aam48_131.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"24644462","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Response corridors of the human head-neck complex in rear impact. 后碰撞中人体头颈复合体的反应通道。
Annual proceedings. Association for the Advancement of Automotive Medicine Pub Date : 2004-01-01
Brian D Stemper, Narayan Yoganandan, Frank A Pintar
{"title":"Response corridors of the human head-neck complex in rear impact.","authors":"Brian D Stemper,&nbsp;Narayan Yoganandan,&nbsp;Frank A Pintar","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In recent years, anatomically accurate dummies were developed to produce a more biofidelic response to rear impacts. The detailed dummy geometry permits more comprehensive kinematic validation, which is typically accomplished through response corridors developed using human volunteers and cadavers. In the present investigation, ten intact head-neck cadaver specimens were subjected to 1.8 and 2.6 m/s rear impacts. Response corridors were developed for overall head to T1 angulation, head retraction, and segmental angulations from C2-C3 through C6-C7 levels. The corridors were developed to emphasize the detailed validation of dummy response during initial stages of whiplash loading.</p>","PeriodicalId":80490,"journal":{"name":"Annual proceedings. Association for the Advancement of Automotive Medicine","volume":"48 ","pages":"149-63"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3217421/pdf/aam48_149.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"24644463","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Prediction of severe eye injuries in automobile accidents: static and dynamic rupture pressure of the eye. 汽车事故中严重眼损伤的预测:眼的静态和动态破裂压力。
Annual proceedings. Association for the Advancement of Automotive Medicine Pub Date : 2004-01-01
Eric A Kennedy, Katherine D Voorhies, Ian P Herring, Amber L Rath, Stefan M Duma
{"title":"Prediction of severe eye injuries in automobile accidents: static and dynamic rupture pressure of the eye.","authors":"Eric A Kennedy,&nbsp;Katherine D Voorhies,&nbsp;Ian P Herring,&nbsp;Amber L Rath,&nbsp;Stefan M Duma","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The purpose of this paper is to determine the static and dynamic rupture pressures of 20 human and 20 porcine eyes. This study found the static test results show an average rupture pressure for porcine eyes of 1.00 +/- 0.18 MPa while the average rupture pressure for human eyes was 0.36 +/- 0.20 MPa. For dynamic loading, the average porcine rupture pressure was 1.64 +/- 0.32 MPa, and the average rupture pressure for human eyes was 0.91 +/- 0.29 MPa. Significant differences are found between average rupture pressures from all four groups of tests (p = 0.01). A risk function has been developed and predicts a 50% risk of globe rupture at 1.02 MPa, 1.66 MPa, 0.35 MPa, and 0.90 MPa internal pressure for porcine static, porcine dynamic, human static, and human dynamic loading conditions, respectively.</p>","PeriodicalId":80490,"journal":{"name":"Annual proceedings. Association for the Advancement of Automotive Medicine","volume":"48 ","pages":"165-79"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3217427/pdf/aam48_165.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"24644464","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Dynamic bending tolerance and elastic-plastic material properties of the human femur. 人体股骨的动态弯曲公差和弹塑性材料性能。
Annual proceedings. Association for the Advancement of Automotive Medicine Pub Date : 2004-01-01
J R Funk, J R Kerrigan, J R Crandall
{"title":"Dynamic bending tolerance and elastic-plastic material properties of the human femur.","authors":"J R Funk,&nbsp;J R Kerrigan,&nbsp;J R Crandall","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The objective of this study was to provide data on the structural tolerance and material properties of the human femur in dynamic bending. Fifteen (15) isolated femurs from eight (8) males were tested in either posterior-to-anterior or lateral-to-medial three-point bending. The failure moment was 458 +/- 95 Nm and did not differ significantly with loading direction. A method was developed to estimate the elastic-plastic material properties of the bone using both force-deflection data and strain gauge measurements. The bone material appeared to yield at about one third of the ultimate strain level prior to fracture. It is hoped that these data will aid in the development of injury criteria and finite element models for predicting injuries to pedestrians and vehicle occupants.</p>","PeriodicalId":80490,"journal":{"name":"Annual proceedings. Association for the Advancement of Automotive Medicine","volume":"48 ","pages":"215-33"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3217417/pdf/aam48_215.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"24644467","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
A preliminary evaluation of child restraints and anchorage systems for an Australian car. 对一辆澳大利亚汽车的儿童约束和锚固系统进行初步评估。
Annual proceedings. Association for the Advancement of Automotive Medicine Pub Date : 2004-01-01
Judith L Charlton, Brian Fildes, Ronald Laemmle, Stuart Smith, Fiona Douglas
{"title":"A preliminary evaluation of child restraints and anchorage systems for an Australian car.","authors":"Judith L Charlton,&nbsp;Brian Fildes,&nbsp;Ronald Laemmle,&nbsp;Stuart Smith,&nbsp;Fiona Douglas","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study examined the performance of three rear-facing and two forward-facing child restraints (CRS) with three anchorage systems: standard seatbelt, LATCH (flexible) and ISOFIX (rigid). Frontal (64 km/h) and side impact (15 km/h) HyGe sled tests were conducted using a sedan buck. Overall, the preliminary findings suggested superior performance of rigid over seatbelt and flexible anchorages, particularly in side impacts. The results also suggest a need for design improvement for CRS with flexible anchorages to increase stability in side impacts. The findings have important implications for the proposed introduction of changes to Australian Standards for CRS to permit both flexible and rigid systems to coexist with conventional seatbelt anchorage systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":80490,"journal":{"name":"Annual proceedings. Association for the Advancement of Automotive Medicine","volume":"48 ","pages":"73-86"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3217436/pdf/aam48_073.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"24643233","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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