Annals of the Association of American Geographers. Association of American Geographers最新文献_第7页

Multiscale Relationships Between Alpine Treeline Elevation and Hypothesized Environmental Controls in the Western United States 美国西部高山树线高程与假设环境控制的多尺度关系

Annals of the Association of American Geographers. Association of American Geographers Pub Date : 2015-04-15 DOI: 10.1080/00045608.2015.1015096

Daniel J. Weiss, G. Malanson, S. Walsh

{"title":"Multiscale Relationships Between Alpine Treeline Elevation and Hypothesized Environmental Controls in the Western United States","authors":"Daniel J. Weiss, G. Malanson, S. Walsh","doi":"10.1080/00045608.2015.1015096","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00045608.2015.1015096","url":null,"abstract":"Multiple environmental factors contribute to the spatial and compositional character and elevational patterns of alpine treeline ecotones (ATEs), and the relative influence of these factors is scale dependent and spatially variable. Frameworks detailing the hierarchical structure of the ATE have been developed to characterize scale dependencies of the pattern and controls of treeline, but this topic has not been studied across a broad range of scales (e.g., from the hillslope to the region). This research directly examines scaling by comparing relationships among treeline elevations and a set of possible controls as geographic extent is varied. The data set used for this research consists of elevational data at the ATE and a set of hypothesized controls for 1,006 sites in twenty-six mountain ranges across the Western United States. The response and predictor variables are quantified from digital data sets using geographic information systems and remote sensing methodologies and then analyzed using a Mantel test framework. Results generally support, and add empirically derived detail to, existing theoretical frameworks, with climatic controls (i.e., variables characterizing temperature and precipitation) having higher correlations with ATE elevation at coarser scales and topographic variables having higher correlations at finer scales. These scale relations support the conceptual hierarchical frameworks that have been proposed, and they are useful guides of covariate selection for future ATE modeling endeavors.","PeriodicalId":80485,"journal":{"name":"Annals of the Association of American Geographers. Association of American Geographers","volume":"105 1","pages":"437 - 453"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00045608.2015.1015096","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"58758366","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 32

Unequal Vulnerability to Flood Hazards: “Ground Truthing” a Social Vulnerability Index of Five Municipalities in Metro Vancouver, Canada 对洪水灾害的不平等脆弱性:“地面真相”——加拿大大温哥华地区五个城市的社会脆弱性指数

Annals of the Association of American Geographers. Association of American Geographers Pub Date : 2015-04-03 DOI: 10.1080/00045608.2015.1012634

Greg Oulahen, L. Mortsch, Kathy X Tang, D. Harford

{"title":"Unequal Vulnerability to Flood Hazards: “Ground Truthing” a Social Vulnerability Index of Five Municipalities in Metro Vancouver, Canada","authors":"Greg Oulahen, L. Mortsch, Kathy X Tang, D. Harford","doi":"10.1080/00045608.2015.1012634","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00045608.2015.1012634","url":null,"abstract":"Indexes that measure social vulnerability to hazards have gained acceptance as a research tool that can inform local policymaking. Many indexes, however, are created remotely by researchers without using the input of those working in local policy. If practitioners are involved in creating an index that they find accurate and useful, it is more likely they will incorporate the findings of the index in local policy decisions. This article describes the process of ground truthing a social vulnerability index with practitioners working in five municipalities in Metro Vancouver and how the index was then revised to reflect their input. This process involved presenting an index to focus groups of municipal practitioners for their feedback and conducting a survey of participants that was then used to assign weights to the variables in the index. The study found that practitioners were generally accepting of the research approach to quantifying social vulnerability by place, although they often had specific concerns regarding the methodology and offered suggestions to make the index more reflective of the local context. The process of revising the index illustrates that local practitioner input can be used to create a measure of social vulnerability to hazards that is meaningful to those working in the community.","PeriodicalId":80485,"journal":{"name":"Annals of the Association of American Geographers. Association of American Geographers","volume":"105 1","pages":"473 - 495"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00045608.2015.1012634","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"58758796","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 97

Path Dependence and the Evolution of a Patchwork Economy: Evidence from Western Australia, 1981–2008 路径依赖与拼凑经济的演化:来自西澳大利亚1981-2008年的证据

Annals of the Association of American Geographers. Association of American Geographers Pub Date : 2015-04-03 DOI: 10.1080/00045608.2015.1012636

P. Plummer, M. Tonts

{"title":"Path Dependence and the Evolution of a Patchwork Economy: Evidence from Western Australia, 1981–2008","authors":"P. Plummer, M. Tonts","doi":"10.1080/00045608.2015.1012636","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00045608.2015.1012636","url":null,"abstract":"Within economic geography, the use of evolutionary concepts is gaining increasing traction in our understanding of the dynamics of capitalist space economies. There is an emerging literature exploring the nature of the processes driving path dependence on the assumption that such a process actually exists. In contrast, here, we consider the logically prior question of whether path dependence exists and how we might detect it at the regional scale. In the context of the emergence of evolutionary thinking, we consider the efficacy of the notion of path dependence for the analysis of local economic development. Our contribution is both conceptual and methodological, exploring the possibilities and limitations of employing contemporary econometric techniques to identify path dependence. To stress test our empirical model, we ground our analysis in the context of the dynamics of the peripheral resource-dependent and export-oriented economy of Western Australia over the course of the recent resource boom. The case study provides evidence of path dependence, supporting the relevance of evolutionary thinking in economic geography.","PeriodicalId":80485,"journal":{"name":"Annals of the Association of American Geographers. Association of American Geographers","volume":"105 1","pages":"552 - 566"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00045608.2015.1012636","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"58758358","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 11

Developing Implicit Uncertainty Visualization Methods Motivated by Theories in Decision Science 基于决策科学理论的隐式不确定性可视化方法研究

Annals of the Association of American Geographers. Association of American Geographers Pub Date : 2015-04-03 DOI: 10.1080/00045608.2015.1012635

S. Deitrick, E. Wentz

{"title":"Developing Implicit Uncertainty Visualization Methods Motivated by Theories in Decision Science","authors":"S. Deitrick, E. Wentz","doi":"10.1080/00045608.2015.1012635","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00045608.2015.1012635","url":null,"abstract":"Agreement between public policy decision makers and geographic information systems and visualization researchers about the importance of uncertainty in decision support sits in contrast to a disconnect in approaches to incorporating uncertainty into decision support tools. This disconnect does not arise from how these two groups define uncertainty but instead occurs because they approach uncertainty from different problem perspectives (Miller et al. 2008; Pohl 2011). Public policy decision makers regularly contend with uncertainty based on how proposed policies will affect the future, resulting in a solutions-oriented approach that relates uncertainty of future conditions to policy outcomes. For researchers, uncertainty more often reflects unknowns in data values or modeling processes, such as the difference between a measured or predicted value and the actual value, resulting in a knowledge-production approach that relates uncertainty to the validity and legitimacy of methods, models, and data to produce knowledge. The research presented here contends that this gap between research and practice (Brown and Vari 1992; von Winterfeldt 2013) stems from these differing perspectives. To bridge this gap, we examine decision science theories to explain decision makers’ solutions-oriented approach to uncertainty. Decision science is concerned with understanding and improving how individuals or groups identify problems, make decisions, and learn from the outcomes. We then present a new methodology, implicit uncertainty visualization, that reflects how decision makers contend with uncertainty. Bridging this gap opens up opportunities to develop visualization methods and tools that help decision makers better deal with uncertainty in practice.","PeriodicalId":80485,"journal":{"name":"Annals of the Association of American Geographers. Association of American Geographers","volume":"105 1","pages":"531 - 551"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00045608.2015.1012635","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"58758814","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 18

Environmental Politics After Nature: Conflicting Socioecological Futures 自然之后的环境政治:冲突的社会生态未来

Annals of the Association of American Geographers. Association of American Geographers Pub Date : 2015-03-04 DOI: 10.1080/00045608.2014.973802

B. Mansfield, Christine Biermann, K. McSweeney, Justine Law, C. Gallemore, L. Horner, D. Munroe

{"title":"Environmental Politics After Nature: Conflicting Socioecological Futures","authors":"B. Mansfield, Christine Biermann, K. McSweeney, Justine Law, C. Gallemore, L. Horner, D. Munroe","doi":"10.1080/00045608.2014.973802","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00045608.2014.973802","url":null,"abstract":"This article is about the logic and dynamics of environmental politics when the environment at stake is profoundly socioecological. We investigate the socioecological forests of the coalfields of Appalachian Ohio, where once decimated forests are again widespread. Conceptualizing forests as power-laden relationships among various people, trees, and other nonhumans, we identify multiple distinct forest types that currently exist as both material reality and future vision. Each forest is characterized by antagonistic ideas about ideal species composition, structure, and function and about specific actions and actors deemed necessary and threatening for the forest's persistence. Each forest represents a very different vision for how socioecological relationships should be fostered. We argue, first, that broad acceptance that the environment is fundamentally socioecological does not mark the end of environmentalism. Rather, urges to environmentalism proliferate as people aim to foster the social natures they envision—and do so through interventions that are internal to what the forest is and does. Second, the proliferation of environmentalisms generates new forms of environmental conflict, which manifests over what sorts of social natures can and should exist (i.e., what they should do and for whom) and which interventions are beneficial or harmful to the survival and proliferation of the forest in the future. Ultimately, we demonstrate that socioecological futures are being shaped today through political struggle not over naturalness but over what should be done, by whom, to bring about which social natures, and to the benefit of whom (human and nonhuman).","PeriodicalId":80485,"journal":{"name":"Annals of the Association of American Geographers. Association of American Geographers","volume":"105 1","pages":"284 - 293"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00045608.2014.973802","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"58758181","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 45

Imaginaries of Hope: The Utopianism of Degrowth 希望的想象：德格罗斯的乌托邦主义

Annals of the Association of American Geographers. Association of American Geographers Pub Date : 2015-03-04 DOI: 10.1080/00045608.2014.973803

G. Kallis, H. March

引用次数: 129

Climate Change and the Adaptation of the Political 气候变化与政治适应

Annals of the Association of American Geographers. Association of American Geographers Pub Date : 2015-03-04 DOI: 10.1080/00045608.2014.973807

Joel Wainwright, G. Mann

{"title":"Climate Change and the Adaptation of the Political","authors":"Joel Wainwright, G. Mann","doi":"10.1080/00045608.2014.973807","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00045608.2014.973807","url":null,"abstract":"In the face of climate change, along what path might we attempt transformation that could create a just and livable planet? Recently we proposed a framework for anticipating the possible political–economic forms that might emerge as the world's climate changes. Our framework outlines four possible paths; two of those paths are defined by what is called “Leviathan,” the emergence of a form of planetary sovereignty. In this article we elaborate by examining the adaptive character of emergent planetary sovereignty. To grasp this, we need a theory that can see through our ostensibly “postpolitical” moment to grasp not the disintegration but the adaptation of the political. What does it mean to say the political adapts? Reduced to its essence, it is to say that if the character of political life prevents a radical response to crisis, then it is the political that must change. A materialist attempt to elaborate on this question must begin by reflecting on the manifest inequalities of power in the current mode of global political-economic regulation. After doing so, we conclude by arguing for a return to the concept of natural history.","PeriodicalId":80485,"journal":{"name":"Annals of the Association of American Geographers. Association of American Geographers","volume":"105 1","pages":"313 - 321"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00045608.2014.973807","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"58757901","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 27

Translating Climate Change: Adaptation, Resilience, and Climate Politics in Nunavut, Canada 翻译气候变化:适应，恢复力和气候政治在努纳武特，加拿大

Annals of the Association of American Geographers. Association of American Geographers Pub Date : 2015-03-04 DOI: 10.1080/00045608.2014.973006

Emilie Cameron, R. Mearns, Janet Tamalik McGrath

{"title":"Translating Climate Change: Adaptation, Resilience, and Climate Politics in Nunavut, Canada","authors":"Emilie Cameron, R. Mearns, Janet Tamalik McGrath","doi":"10.1080/00045608.2014.973006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00045608.2014.973006","url":null,"abstract":"This article examines the translation of key terms about climate change from English into Inuktitut, considering not only their literal translation but also the broader context within which words make sense. We argue that notions of resilience, adaptation, and climate change itself mean something fundamentally different in Inuktitut than English and that this has implications for climate policy and politics. To the extent that climate change is translated into Inuktitut as a wholly environmental phenomenon over which humans have no control, both adaptation and resilience come to be seen as appropriate and distinctly Inuit modes of relating to shifting climatic conditions, calling on practices of patience, observation, creativity, forbearance, and discretion. If translated as a matter of unethical harm of sila, however, Inuit frameworks of justice, relationality, and healing would be activated. In the context of a broader global shift away from mitigation and toward enhancing the adaptive capacities and resilience of particular populations, current modes of translating climate change, we argue, are deeply political.","PeriodicalId":80485,"journal":{"name":"Annals of the Association of American Geographers. Association of American Geographers","volume":"105 1","pages":"274 - 283"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00045608.2014.973006","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"58758064","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 39

These Overheating Worlds 这些过热的世界

Annals of the Association of American Geographers. Association of American Geographers Pub Date : 2015-03-04 DOI: 10.1080/00045608.2014.973805

K. Strauss

引用次数: 21

A Manifesto for Abundant Futures 丰富未来的宣言

Annals of the Association of American Geographers. Association of American Geographers Pub Date : 2015-03-04 DOI: 10.1080/00045608.2014.973007

Rosemary-Claire Collard, J. Dempsey, J. Sundberg

引用次数: 214