Annals of the Association of American Geographers. Association of American Geographers最新文献_第6页

Internal Ecologies and the Limits of Local Biologies: A Political Ecology of Tuberculosis in the Time of AIDS 内部生态学与局部生物学的极限:艾滋病时期结核病的政治生态学

Annals of the Association of American Geographers. Association of American Geographers Pub Date : 2015-05-13 DOI: 10.1080/00045608.2015.1015097

Abigail H. Neely

{"title":"Internal Ecologies and the Limits of Local Biologies: A Political Ecology of Tuberculosis in the Time of AIDS","authors":"Abigail H. Neely","doi":"10.1080/00045608.2015.1015097","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00045608.2015.1015097","url":null,"abstract":"South Africa is known for its high rates of HIV and tuberculosis (TB), where HIV has provided fertile ground for the transmission of TB. Indeed, HIV–TB coinfection is widely understood as one of the, if not the, biggest health problems in the country. In practice, doctors and nurses understand that unusual cases of tuberculosis indicate HIV and they make diagnosis and treatment plans accordingly. International treatment standards and protocols inform this practice as doctors pay little attention to individual people and the political–economic, cultural, social, and environmental contexts in which they live. Political ecology, with its nested, place-based analysis, provides an excellent framework for understanding health in South Africa in the context of poverty; local understandings; and global policies, protocols, and priorities. To develop a political ecology of health, this article builds on the concept of local biologies, which understands health at the community scale as simultaneously biological, cultural, and social. Illustrated with the story of one HIV-negative woman's case of miliary TB, this article incorporates local biologies into a political ecology of health that mobilizes scales from the global to the “internal ecologies” of individual bodies. Centering its analysis on the place of the body, this article offers surprising insights into the HIV/AIDS epidemic. By examining the science of miliary tuberculosis alongside population-scale understandings of HIV–TB coinfection in a specific context, this article challenges the way we understand the health impacts of HIV/AIDS, suggesting that the epidemic has negative health implications even for those who are HIV negative.","PeriodicalId":80485,"journal":{"name":"Annals of the Association of American Geographers. Association of American Geographers","volume":"105 1","pages":"791 - 805"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00045608.2015.1015097","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"58758418","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 64

Beyond the Periphery: Child and Adult Understanding of World Map Continuity 超越边缘:儿童和成人对世界地图连续性的理解

Annals of the Association of American Geographers. Association of American Geographers Pub Date : 2015-05-13 DOI: 10.1080/00045608.2015.1022091

Pontus Hennerdal

{"title":"Beyond the Periphery: Child and Adult Understanding of World Map Continuity","authors":"Pontus Hennerdal","doi":"10.1080/00045608.2015.1022091","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00045608.2015.1022091","url":null,"abstract":"It is well established that map projections make it difficult for a map reader to correctly interpret angles, distances, and areas from a world map. A single map projection cannot ensure that all of the intuitive features of Euclidean geometry, such as angles, relative distances, and relative areas, are the same on the map and in reality. This article adds an additional difficulty by demonstrating a clear pattern of naïveté regarding the site at which a route that crosses the edge of a world map reappears. The argument is that this naïve understanding of the peripheral continuation is linear, meaning that the proposed continuation is along the straight line that continues tangentially to the original route when it crosses the edge. In general, this understanding leads to an incorrect interpretation concerning the continuation of world maps. It is only in special cases—such as radial routes on a planar projection and peripherally latitudinal routes on a cylindrical or pseudocylindrical projection with a normal aspect—that the actual peripheral continuation of the world map is linear. The data used in this article are based on questionnaires administered to 670 children aged nine to fifteen and eighty-two adults. This naïve understanding of the peripheral continuation, which leads to errors, was found to be entirely dominant among the children, regardless of the projection, and was clearly observed among the adults when the projection was cylindrical with a normal aspect.","PeriodicalId":80485,"journal":{"name":"Annals of the Association of American Geographers. Association of American Geographers","volume":"105 1","pages":"773 - 790"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00045608.2015.1022091","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"58758444","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 13

Scaling Food Sovereignty: Biopolitics and the Struggle for Local Control of Farm Food in Rural Maine 缩放粮食主权:缅因州农村农业食品的生物政治和地方控制斗争

Annals of the Association of American Geographers. Association of American Geographers Pub Date : 2015-05-13 DOI: 10.1080/00045608.2015.1022127

H. Kurtz

{"title":"Scaling Food Sovereignty: Biopolitics and the Struggle for Local Control of Farm Food in Rural Maine","authors":"H. Kurtz","doi":"10.1080/00045608.2015.1022127","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00045608.2015.1022127","url":null,"abstract":"Recent scholarship highlights the play of biopower in and through policies and practices shaping food systems, but says little about the practices of resistance to such power. Alternative food movements mobilize critique of and resistance to an industrialized food system from many perspectives. This article examines food sovereignty activism in Maine as an illuminating instance of contemporary biopolitics. This article investigates a “food sovereignty ordinance” passed in eleven towns in Maine since 2011 as an important moment in the biopolitical struggle over the nature of food systems. The ordinance exempts direct transactions of farm food from licensure and inspection in an effort to maintain the viability of small, diversified farms in a struggling rural economy. The ordinance effectively carves out a space of food sovereignty in each town that enacts it, thereby protecting conditions of life and livelihood within local food networks. The analysis focuses on the spatiality of the practices that comprise biopolitics, with attention to the scalar politics in play as well; that is, the ways in which modalities of power shape and are shaped by social, economic, and political scales of organization. This exploration of the scaling of biopolitics in relation to the concept of food sovereignty suggests insights into the contours of other moments of struggle over food regulations.","PeriodicalId":80485,"journal":{"name":"Annals of the Association of American Geographers. Association of American Geographers","volume":"105 1","pages":"859 - 873"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00045608.2015.1022127","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"58758456","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 16

Achieving Human Potential Through Geography Education: A Capabilities Approach to Curriculum Making in Schools 通过地理教育实现人的潜能:学校课程设置的能力观

Annals of the Association of American Geographers. Association of American Geographers Pub Date : 2015-05-13 DOI: 10.1080/00045608.2015.1022128

D. Lambert, M. Solem, Sirpa Tani

{"title":"Achieving Human Potential Through Geography Education: A Capabilities Approach to Curriculum Making in Schools","authors":"D. Lambert, M. Solem, Sirpa Tani","doi":"10.1080/00045608.2015.1022128","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00045608.2015.1022128","url":null,"abstract":"This article provides the theoretical underpinnings for an innovative international collaborative project in the field of geography education named GeoCapabilities. The project attempts to respond in new ways to enduring challenges facing geography teachers in schools. These include the need to find convincing expression of geography's contribution to the education of all young people and coping with the apparent divergence of geography in educational settings and its highly disparate expression as a research discipline in university departments. The project also hopes to contribute to the development of a framework for communicating the aims and purposes of geography in schools internationally, because here, too, there is great variety in definitions of national standards and even of disciplinary allegiances (including, e.g., the social studies, humanities, and biological sciences). GeoCapabilities does not seek to flatten such divergences, for one of geography's great strengths is its breadth. The long-term goal is to establish a secure platform for the international development of teachers’ capacities as creative and disciplined innovators. The project encourages teachers to think beyond program delivery and implementation and to embrace their role as the curriculum makers.","PeriodicalId":80485,"journal":{"name":"Annals of the Association of American Geographers. Association of American Geographers","volume":"105 1","pages":"723 - 735"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00045608.2015.1022128","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"58758498","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 108

Another Place Is Possible? Labor Geography, Spatial Dispossession, and Gendered Resistance in Central Appalachia 可能有另一个地方吗?阿巴拉契亚中部的劳动力地理、空间剥夺与性别抵抗

Annals of the Association of American Geographers. Association of American Geographers Pub Date : 2015-05-04 DOI: 10.1080/00045608.2014.924731

B. Smith

{"title":"Another Place Is Possible? Labor Geography, Spatial Dispossession, and Gendered Resistance in Central Appalachia","authors":"B. Smith","doi":"10.1080/00045608.2014.924731","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00045608.2014.924731","url":null,"abstract":"The demise of Fordism and inauguration of neoliberal policy regimes may be conceptualized as historical processes of spatial dispossession that diminish and sometimes destroy the collective spaces of working-class life. In central Appalachia, where miners’ militant, unionized brotherhood once influenced the geography of the bituminous coal industry and enabled the growth of active, working-class communities, spatial dispossession is especially stark. Here, neoliberalization of space involves not only the familiar dismantling of public institutions but also corporate enclosures of lands once treated as commons, withdrawal of residents from polluted local ecologies, intentional destruction of union solidarity, and erosion of miners’ heroic masculinity. Historical analysis reveals this dismantling of labor's gendered geography and degradation of working-class environments as mutually interrelated processes. Spatial dispossession is also evoking opposition, however, from reactionary, industry-orchestrated mobilizations to valorize coal in the name of masculinist nationalism, to fragmentary efforts, often led by women, seeking alternative economic and political possibilities. These conflict-ridden dynamics of spatial influence, dispossession, and (re)creation lay bare interrelated coproductions of gender and class, political economy and cultural practice, “nature” and society and thereby point toward a labor geography capable of engaging the contradictory forces that animate working-class life.","PeriodicalId":80485,"journal":{"name":"Annals of the Association of American Geographers. Association of American Geographers","volume":"105 1","pages":"567 - 582"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00045608.2014.924731","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"58757753","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 42

One Sinister Hurricane: Simondon and Collaborative Visualization 一场邪恶的飓风:西蒙顿和协作可视化

Annals of the Association of American Geographers. Association of American Geographers Pub Date : 2015-04-28 DOI: 10.1080/00045608.2015.1018788

Keith Woodward, J. Jones, Linda Vigdor, S. Marston, H. Hawkins, D. Dixon

{"title":"One Sinister Hurricane: Simondon and Collaborative Visualization","authors":"Keith Woodward, J. Jones, Linda Vigdor, S. Marston, H. Hawkins, D. Dixon","doi":"10.1080/00045608.2015.1018788","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00045608.2015.1018788","url":null,"abstract":"This article offers a theory and methodology for understanding and interpreting collaborations that involve visualization technologies. The collaboration discussed here is technically a geovisualization—an immersive, digital “fulldome” film of Hurricane Katrina developed by the Advanced Visualization Laboratory (AVL) at the University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign, produced in collaboration with atmospheric scientists at the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) in Boulder, Colorado. The project, which brought together AVL's programmers, visualization experts, and artists with NCAR's scientists, required the integration of diverse disciplinary perspectives. In the language of such collaborations, the term renaissance team was coined to capture the collective expertise necessary to produce modern, high-end visualizations of large data sets. In this article, we deploy Simondon's concepts of technical objects and collective individuation to analyze the development of AVL's Katrina simulation. One extended sequence of team member collaboration suggests that technical objects also be treated as “collaborators,” for they have the capacity to transform such collectives through the unique problems they present.","PeriodicalId":80485,"journal":{"name":"Annals of the Association of American Geographers. Association of American Geographers","volume":"105 1","pages":"496 - 511"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00045608.2015.1018788","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"58758387","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 16

The Post-Soviet Urban Poor and Where They Live: Khrushchev-Era Blocks, “Bad” Areas, and the Vertical Dimension in Luhansk, Ukraine 后苏联时代的城市贫民及其居住地:赫鲁晓夫时代的街区、“坏”地区和乌克兰卢甘斯克的垂直维度

Annals of the Association of American Geographers. Association of American Geographers Pub Date : 2015-04-27 DOI: 10.1080/00045608.2015.1018783

M. Gentile

{"title":"The Post-Soviet Urban Poor and Where They Live: Khrushchev-Era Blocks, “Bad” Areas, and the Vertical Dimension in Luhansk, Ukraine","authors":"M. Gentile","doi":"10.1080/00045608.2015.1018783","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00045608.2015.1018783","url":null,"abstract":"Using a combination of descriptive and multivariate regression methods applied on a sample survey (n = 4,000) conducted in Luhansk, Ukraine, during Fall 2013, this article investigates demographic, socioeconomic, housing-specific, and geographical factors that predict urban poverty in countries undergoing the economic, political, and institutional transition from state socialism to the market with a specific focus on Ukraine. By doing so, it contributes to the literature on poverty under and after transition, which has a strong position within economics, and to the literature on the spatial expressions of poverty after state socialism, which is particularly prominent within geography. Inspired by Amartya Sen's notion that poverty contains an irreducible absolute core, as well as a relative component, this article makes use of a poverty index based on multiple thresholds that reflect the respondents’ capabilities to meet different needs. A fascinating result of this exercise is that poverty under transition is not only predicted by such classical factors as sex, personal and parental education, and socio-occupational status but also by housing-specific details such as location in vertical space and by classical geographical factors such as relative horizontal location and neighborhood prestige. Accordingly, this article responds to recent calls for increased sensitivity toward the third dimension of space in contemporary urbanism, at the same time making a substantial contribution to our hitherto incomplete knowledge of the patterns and sources of urban poverty and inequality in postsocialist transition.","PeriodicalId":80485,"journal":{"name":"Annals of the Association of American Geographers. Association of American Geographers","volume":"105 1","pages":"583 - 603"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00045608.2015.1018783","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"58758647","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 9

Wilbur Zelinsky, 1921–2013: “A Curiosity Too Urgent to Be Throttled”1 威尔伯·泽林斯基(Wilbur Zelinsky, 1921-2013):“一种迫切到无法抑制的好奇心

Annals of the Association of American Geographers. Association of American Geographers Pub Date : 2015-04-27 DOI: 10.1080/00045608.2015.1018769

J. Wood

引用次数: 1

Social Sensing: A New Approach to Understanding Our Socioeconomic Environments 社会感知:理解社会经济环境的新途径

Annals of the Association of American Geographers. Association of American Geographers Pub Date : 2015-04-27 DOI: 10.1080/00045608.2015.1018773

Yu Liu, Xi Liu, Song Gao, Li Gong, Chaogui Kang, Ye Zhi, Guanghua Chi, Lili Shi

{"title":"Social Sensing: A New Approach to Understanding Our Socioeconomic Environments","authors":"Yu Liu, Xi Liu, Song Gao, Li Gong, Chaogui Kang, Ye Zhi, Guanghua Chi, Lili Shi","doi":"10.1080/00045608.2015.1018773","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00045608.2015.1018773","url":null,"abstract":"The emergence of big data brings new opportunities for us to understand our socioeconomic environments. We use the term social sensing for such individual-level big geospatial data and the associated analysis methods. The word sensing suggests two natures of the data. First, they can be viewed as the analogue and complement of remote sensing, as big data can capture well socioeconomic features while conventional remote sensing data do not have such privilege. Second, in social sensing data, each individual plays the role of a sensor. This article conceptually bridges social sensing with remote sensing and points out the major issues when applying social sensing data and associated analytics. We also suggest that social sensing data contain rich information about spatial interactions and place semantics, which go beyond the scope of traditional remote sensing data. In the coming big data era, GIScientists should investigate theories in using social sensing data, such as data representativeness and quality, and develop new tools to deal with social sensing data.","PeriodicalId":80485,"journal":{"name":"Annals of the Association of American Geographers. Association of American Geographers","volume":"105 1","pages":"512 - 530"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00045608.2015.1018773","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"58758529","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 597

Everyday Diplomacy: UKUSA Intelligence Cooperation and Geopolitical Assemblages 日常外交:英美情报合作与地缘政治组合

Annals of the Association of American Geographers. Association of American Geographers Pub Date : 2015-04-15 DOI: 10.1080/00045608.2015.1015098

J. Dittmer

{"title":"Everyday Diplomacy: UKUSA Intelligence Cooperation and Geopolitical Assemblages","authors":"J. Dittmer","doi":"10.1080/00045608.2015.1015098","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00045608.2015.1015098","url":null,"abstract":"This article offers an alternative to civilizational thinking in geopolitics and international relations predicated on assemblage theory. Building on literature in political geography and elsewhere about everyday practices that produce state effects, this article theorizes the existence of transnational geopolitical assemblages that incorporate foreign policy apparatuses of multiple states. Everyday material and discursive circulations make up these assemblages, serving as conduits of affect that produce an emergent agency. To demonstrate this claim, I outline a genealogy of the UKUSA alliance, an assemblage of intelligence communities in the United States, United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, and New Zealand. I then trace the circulation of materialities and affects—at the scales of individual subjects, technological systems of mediation, and transnational processes of foreign policy formation. In doing so, I offer a bottom-up process of assemblage that produces the emergent phenomena that proponents of civilizational thinking mistakenly attribute to macroscaled factors, such as culture.","PeriodicalId":80485,"journal":{"name":"Annals of the Association of American Geographers. Association of American Geographers","volume":"105 1","pages":"604 - 619"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00045608.2015.1015098","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"58758465","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 29