Annals of the Association of American Geographers. Association of American Geographers最新文献_第5页

Latino Immigrants and Rural Gentrification: Race, “Illegality,” and Precarious Labor Regimes in the United States 拉丁裔移民和农村中产阶级化:美国的种族、“非法”和不稳定的劳工制度

Annals of the Association of American Geographers. Association of American Geographers Pub Date : 2015-07-04 DOI: 10.1080/00045608.2015.1052338

Lise Nelson, Laurie Trautman, P. Nelson

{"title":"Latino Immigrants and Rural Gentrification: Race, “Illegality,” and Precarious Labor Regimes in the United States","authors":"Lise Nelson, Laurie Trautman, P. Nelson","doi":"10.1080/00045608.2015.1052338","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00045608.2015.1052338","url":null,"abstract":"This article examines the emergence of immigrant-based precarious labor regimes in U.S. rural areas undergoing gentrification. Drawing on field-based research in rural Georgia and Colorado, we explore how Latino and Latina immigrant workers were recruited to places that had been largely off the map of Latino immigrant settlement prior to the late 1990s to work in service and construction employment stimulated by gentrification. We trace evolving recruitment and labor practices that drew on hierarchies of race and “illegality” to fundamentally improve the productivity and profitability of gentrification-linked sectors. Key to this process was the active recruitment of Latino workers in the 1990s and early 2000s (usually recruited off subcontracted crews hired out from distant metropolitan areas) and the establishment of personal relations of loyalty and dependence between those workers and their white bosses. Over time, these personal relationships often produced informal labor brokers for business owners, brokers who facilitated access to immigrant networks necessary for further recruitment of immigrant workers and critical to producing the high degree of flexibility and discipline that began to characterize these emerging labor regimes. Our analysis makes two key theoretical contributions. First, by exploring how precarious labor regimes become instantiated into rural spaces we decenter the urban in our understanding of these regimes as theorized by Theodore and others. Second, we highlight the importance of attending to the imbrication of class, race, and “illegality” in rural gentrification research.","PeriodicalId":80485,"journal":{"name":"Annals of the Association of American Geographers. Association of American Geographers","volume":"105 1","pages":"841 - 858"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00045608.2015.1052338","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"58758953","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 33

Downscaling Environmental Justice Analysis: Determinants of Household-Level Hazardous Air Pollutant Exposure in Greater Houston 缩小环境正义分析:大休斯顿地区家庭有害空气污染物暴露的决定因素

Annals of the Association of American Geographers. Association of American Geographers Pub Date : 2015-07-01 DOI: 10.1080/00045608.2015.1050754

Timothy W. Collins, Sara E. Grineski, Jayajit Chakraborty, Marilyn C. Montgomery, Maricarmen Hernández

{"title":"Downscaling Environmental Justice Analysis: Determinants of Household-Level Hazardous Air Pollutant Exposure in Greater Houston","authors":"Timothy W. Collins, Sara E. Grineski, Jayajit Chakraborty, Marilyn C. Montgomery, Maricarmen Hernández","doi":"10.1080/00045608.2015.1050754","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00045608.2015.1050754","url":null,"abstract":"Environmental justice (EJ) research has relied on ecological analyses of coarse-scale areal units to determine whether particular populations are disproportionately burdened by toxic risks. This article advances quantitative EJ research by (1) examining whether statistical associations found for geographic units translate to relationships at the household level; (2) testing competing explanations for distributional injustices never before investigated; (3) examining adverse health implications of hazardous air pollutant (HAP) exposures; and (4) applying an underutilized statistical technique appropriate for geographically clustered data. Our study makes these advances by using generalized estimating equations to examine distributive environmental inequities in the Greater Houston (Texas) metropolitan area, based on primary household-level survey data and census block–level cancer risk estimates of HAP exposure from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. In addition to main statistical effects, interaction effects are modeled to examine whether minority racial or ethnic status modifies the effects of other variables on HAP cancer risk. In terms of main effects, Hispanic and black status as well as the desire to live close to public transit exhibit robust associations with HAP cancer risk. Interaction results reveal that homeownership and homophily (i.e., the desire to live among people culturally similar to oneself) are associated with higher HAP cancer risk among Hispanics and blacks but with lower risk among whites. Disproportionate risks experienced by Hispanics and blacks are attributable neither to dampened risk perceptions nor the desire to live close to work. These findings have implications for EJ research and practice in Greater Houston and elsewhere.","PeriodicalId":80485,"journal":{"name":"Annals of the Association of American Geographers. Association of American Geographers","volume":"105 1","pages":"684 - 703"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00045608.2015.1050754","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"58758632","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 76

Geographical Perspectives on Epidemic Transmission of Cholera in Haiti, October 2010 Through March 2013 2010年10月至2013年3月海地霍乱流行传播的地理视角

Annals of the Association of American Geographers. Association of American Geographers Pub Date : 2015-07-01 DOI: 10.1080/00045608.2015.1050755

M. Smallman-Raynor, A. Cliff, A. Barford

{"title":"Geographical Perspectives on Epidemic Transmission of Cholera in Haiti, October 2010 Through March 2013","authors":"M. Smallman-Raynor, A. Cliff, A. Barford","doi":"10.1080/00045608.2015.1050755","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00045608.2015.1050755","url":null,"abstract":"The current epidemic of El Tor cholera in the Caribbean republic of Haiti is one of the largest single outbreaks of the disease ever recorded. The prospects are that the epidemic will continue to present challenges to workers in public health medicine, epidemiology, and allied fields in the social sciences for years to come. This article introduces geographers to the environmental context of the Haiti cholera epidemic, the principal data sources available to analyze the occurrence of the epidemic, and evidence regarding its geographical origins and dispersal during the first thirty months of the epidemic, October 2010 through March 2013. Using weekly case data collated by the Haitian Ministère de la Santé Publique et de la Population (MSPP), techniques of time series analysis are used to examine inter- and intradepartmental patterns of cholera activity. Our analysis demonstrates a pronounced lag structure to the spatial development of the epidemic (Artibonite and northern departments → Ouest and metropolitan Port-au-Prince → southern departments). Observed variations in levels of epidemiological integration, both within and between departments, provide new perspectives on the spatiotemporal evolution of the epidemic to its March 2013 pattern.","PeriodicalId":80485,"journal":{"name":"Annals of the Association of American Geographers. Association of American Geographers","volume":"105 1","pages":"665 - 683"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00045608.2015.1050755","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"58758882","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 7

Urban Stream Deserts as a Consequence of Excess Stream Burial in Urban Watersheds 城市流域过量河流掩埋导致的城市河流沙漠

Annals of the Association of American Geographers. Association of American Geographers Pub Date : 2015-07-01 DOI: 10.1080/00045608.2015.1050753

Jacob Napieralski, Ryan Keeling, Mitchell R. Dziekan, Chad Rhodes, Andrew Kelly, Kelly Kobberstad

{"title":"Urban Stream Deserts as a Consequence of Excess Stream Burial in Urban Watersheds","authors":"Jacob Napieralski, Ryan Keeling, Mitchell R. Dziekan, Chad Rhodes, Andrew Kelly, Kelly Kobberstad","doi":"10.1080/00045608.2015.1050753","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00045608.2015.1050753","url":null,"abstract":"The Rouge River watershed, a highly urbanized watershed in southeast Michigan, has substantial impervious surface coverage, relatively high population density, and modified stream network (e.g., stream straightening and burial, dams, and underground retention). The number of stream channels and order decreases, increasing flooding, reducing water quality, and decreasing aquatic species. This study defines, identifies, and describes the progression of the geographic pattern of urban stream deserts—defined as those areas within a watershed that exhibit no surface stream channels due to the effects of human development and population growth. Urban stream deserts are identified and characterized using three data sets: (1) historical aerial imagery, (2) historical census boundary and tables, and (3) stream network data. Flowlines digitized off aerial photos from 1949 are compared against 2013 flowlines to identify areas of the watershed now devoid of stream channels. In the Rouge River watershed, stream density has decreased since 1949, which coincides with a rapid population increase and systematic burial of urban streams. Urban stream deserts in the Rouge River watershed constitute 23 percent of the watershed area, but these areas included as much as 66 percent of the watershed population in 1950 (as the urban stream deserts were developing) and dropped to 41 percent in 2010. This conceptual model of urban stream deserts is applicable to many urban and industrialized areas that have replaced stream channels with infrastructure during periods of economic growth, only to experience depopulation, aging infrastructure, and, as a result, degraded, modified, or altogether buried stream networks.","PeriodicalId":80485,"journal":{"name":"Annals of the Association of American Geographers. Association of American Geographers","volume":"53 1","pages":"649 - 664"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00045608.2015.1050753","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"58758577","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 33

Do Physicists Have Geography Envy? And What Can Geographers Learn from It? 物理学家嫉妒地理吗?地理学家能从中学到什么?

Annals of the Association of American Geographers. Association of American Geographers Pub Date : 2015-06-14 DOI: 10.1080/00045608.2015.1039105

David O'Sullivan, S. Manson

{"title":"Do Physicists Have Geography Envy? And What Can Geographers Learn from It?","authors":"David O'Sullivan, S. Manson","doi":"10.1080/00045608.2015.1039105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00045608.2015.1039105","url":null,"abstract":"Recent years have seen an increasing amount of work by physicists on topics outside their traditional research domain, including geography. We explore the scope of this development, place it in a historical context dating back at least to statistical physics in the nineteenth century and trace the origins of more recent developments to the roots of computational science after World War II. Our primary purpose is not historical, however. Instead, we are concerned with understanding what geographers can learn from the many recent contributions by physicists to understanding spatiotemporal systems. Drawing on examples of work in this tradition by physicists, we argue that two apparently different modes of investigation are common: model-driven and data-driven approaches. The former is associated with complexity science, whereas the latter is more commonly associated with the fourth paradigm, more recently known as “big data.” Both modes share technical strengths and, more important, a capacity for generalization, which is absent from much work in geography. We argue that although some of this research lacks an appreciation of previous geographical contributions, when assessed critically, it nevertheless brings useful new perspectives, new methods, and new ideas to bear on topics central to geography, yet neglected in the discipline. We conclude with some suggestions for how geographers can build on these new approaches, both inside and outside the discipline.","PeriodicalId":80485,"journal":{"name":"Annals of the Association of American Geographers. Association of American Geographers","volume":"105 1","pages":"704 - 722"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00045608.2015.1039105","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"58758503","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 50

From Middle Ground to Common Ground: Self-Management and Spaces of Encounter in Organic Farming Networks 从中间立场到共同立场:有机农业网络中的自我管理与相遇空间

Annals of the Association of American Geographers. Association of American Geographers Pub Date : 2015-06-14 DOI: 10.1080/00045608.2015.1039110

A. Ince

{"title":"From Middle Ground to Common Ground: Self-Management and Spaces of Encounter in Organic Farming Networks","authors":"A. Ince","doi":"10.1080/00045608.2015.1039110","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00045608.2015.1039110","url":null,"abstract":"This article deploys the anarchist notion of self-management to critically investigate the global organic farming network World-Wide Opportunities on Organic Farms (WWOOF) as an initiative that offers insights into the possibilities and challenges of encounter. WWOOF facilitates the giving of food, accommodation, and hands-on learning experiences for volunteers, in exchange for their labor on organic farms. It operates as a moneyless sharing economy, designed as a site of mutual learning and cultural exchange. Literatures on encounter divide between brief tourist encounters of difference and everyday encounters in diverse, usually urban, communities. In linking these two bodies of work, I argue that the principle of self-management, as conceived by anarchist thinkers, can help develop a unified, critical framework for making sense of encounter event spaces. This adds important nuance to theorizations of encounter by recognizing the entwinement of the intimate and the structural, foregrounding the capacity of people to autonomously create shared spaces of interdependence. The case study indicates that structural contradictions and inequalities in voluntary relationships within statist-capitalist systems can seriously undermine otherwise promising interpersonal encounters. By articulating self-management as a tool for both analyzing and producing spaces of encounter, this article offers new possibilities for a more holistic and unified analytical framework.","PeriodicalId":80485,"journal":{"name":"Annals of the Association of American Geographers. Association of American Geographers","volume":"105 1","pages":"824 - 840"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00045608.2015.1039110","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"58758567","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 16

Simulating the Impacts of Projected Climate Change on Streamflow Hydrology for the Chesapeake Bay Watershed 模拟预测气候变化对切萨皮克湾流域水流水文的影响

Annals of the Association of American Geographers. Association of American Geographers Pub Date : 2015-06-14 DOI: 10.1080/00045608.2015.1039108

T. Hawkins

{"title":"Simulating the Impacts of Projected Climate Change on Streamflow Hydrology for the Chesapeake Bay Watershed","authors":"T. Hawkins","doi":"10.1080/00045608.2015.1039108","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00045608.2015.1039108","url":null,"abstract":"A gridded model was developed to simulate the hydrology of the Chesapeake Bay Watershed, the largest estuary in the United States. CMIP3 and CMIP5 climate projections were used to drive the model to assess changes in streamflow and watershed-wide hydrology. Index of agreement values indicated good model performance. Annual average temperature is projected to increase 1.9°C to 5.4°C by 2080 to 2099, with the greatest warming occurring in summer and fall in the northern part of the watershed. Annual total precipitation is projected to increase between 5.2 percent and 15.2 percent by 2080 to 2099, with the largest increases generally occurring in winter. Average evapotranspiration and rainfall are projected to increase while snowfall, snow water storage, and snowmelt decrease. Subsurface moisture is projected to decrease during the warmer months and the time to recharge increases and, in some cases, never actually occurs. Changes in annual runoff for all 346 climate projections averaged 0 percent (2020–2039), –1.5 percent (2050–2069), and –5.1 percent (2080–2099). There is a 48 percent, 52 percent, and 60 percent chance, respectively, for the future time periods that annual runoff will be less than baseline values (1950–1999). Extreme runoff projections are overwhelmingly associated with the negative end of the distribution. Runoff increases are confined to January through March and to higher elevations. This study is novel in its use of a large number of climate models, the gridded nature of the hydrologic model, and the simulation of several hydrologic variables, all of which allowed for the assessment of both uncertainty in the projections and variation across multiple spatial and temporal scales.","PeriodicalId":80485,"journal":{"name":"Annals of the Association of American Geographers. Association of American Geographers","volume":"105 1","pages":"627 - 648"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00045608.2015.1039108","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"58758512","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 10

A Spatiotemporal Compactness Pattern Analysis of Congressional Districts to Assess Partisan Gerrymandering: A Case Study with California and North Carolina 国会选区的时空紧凑性模式分析以评估党派不公正的选区划分:以加利福尼亚州和北卡罗来纳州为例

Annals of the Association of American Geographers. Association of American Geographers Pub Date : 2015-06-14 DOI: 10.1080/00045608.2015.1039109

C. Fan, Wenwen Li, L. Wolf, S. Myint

{"title":"A Spatiotemporal Compactness Pattern Analysis of Congressional Districts to Assess Partisan Gerrymandering: A Case Study with California and North Carolina","authors":"C. Fan, Wenwen Li, L. Wolf, S. Myint","doi":"10.1080/00045608.2015.1039109","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00045608.2015.1039109","url":null,"abstract":"Compactness of a congressional district is a traditional principle in adjudicating gerrymandering claims in political redistricting. During the last decade, many states have used compactness as an important criterion to constrain the presence of gerrymandering in the redistricting process. In this study, we conducted an array of spatiotemporal analyses aiming to evaluate the changes in compactness between the 112th and 113th Congressional districting plans in California and North Carolina, two states that have been well known for their heavy gerrymandering for years. We employed classic shape-based compactness measures, moment-of-inertia-based measures, and measures of partisan bias to assess the districting plans from multiple angles, including irregularity of district boundaries, spatial dispersion, population-weighted shape dispersion, and partisan symmetry. This new and combined use of spatial measures evidenced remarkable increases on the average compactness scores for California's Congress, suggesting general alleviation of the bipartisan gerrymandering in the previous plan. On the contrary, the partisan gerrymandering in North Carolina intensified in the current map, indicated by the substantial decline in the compactness scores for a majority of the districts. Analysis of partisan bias in the districting plans suggested a very slight bias toward Democrats in California in both districting plans. In North Carolina, the partisan advantage shifted from Democrats to Republicans during redistricting. Comparative analysis between the two families of spatial measures revealed the superiority of the moment of inertia family to the classic shape-based indexes for measuring compactness of congressional districts.","PeriodicalId":80485,"journal":{"name":"Annals of the Association of American Geographers. Association of American Geographers","volume":"105 1","pages":"736 - 753"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00045608.2015.1039109","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"58758558","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 20

Internal Ecologies and the Limits of Local Biologies: A Political Ecology of Tuberculosis in the Time of AIDS 内部生态学与局部生物学的极限:艾滋病时期结核病的政治生态学

Annals of the Association of American Geographers. Association of American Geographers Pub Date : 2015-05-13 DOI: 10.1080/00045608.2015.1015097

Abigail H. Neely

{"title":"Internal Ecologies and the Limits of Local Biologies: A Political Ecology of Tuberculosis in the Time of AIDS","authors":"Abigail H. Neely","doi":"10.1080/00045608.2015.1015097","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00045608.2015.1015097","url":null,"abstract":"South Africa is known for its high rates of HIV and tuberculosis (TB), where HIV has provided fertile ground for the transmission of TB. Indeed, HIV–TB coinfection is widely understood as one of the, if not the, biggest health problems in the country. In practice, doctors and nurses understand that unusual cases of tuberculosis indicate HIV and they make diagnosis and treatment plans accordingly. International treatment standards and protocols inform this practice as doctors pay little attention to individual people and the political–economic, cultural, social, and environmental contexts in which they live. Political ecology, with its nested, place-based analysis, provides an excellent framework for understanding health in South Africa in the context of poverty; local understandings; and global policies, protocols, and priorities. To develop a political ecology of health, this article builds on the concept of local biologies, which understands health at the community scale as simultaneously biological, cultural, and social. Illustrated with the story of one HIV-negative woman's case of miliary TB, this article incorporates local biologies into a political ecology of health that mobilizes scales from the global to the “internal ecologies” of individual bodies. Centering its analysis on the place of the body, this article offers surprising insights into the HIV/AIDS epidemic. By examining the science of miliary tuberculosis alongside population-scale understandings of HIV–TB coinfection in a specific context, this article challenges the way we understand the health impacts of HIV/AIDS, suggesting that the epidemic has negative health implications even for those who are HIV negative.","PeriodicalId":80485,"journal":{"name":"Annals of the Association of American Geographers. Association of American Geographers","volume":"105 1","pages":"791 - 805"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00045608.2015.1015097","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"58758418","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 64

Beyond the Periphery: Child and Adult Understanding of World Map Continuity 超越边缘:儿童和成人对世界地图连续性的理解

Annals of the Association of American Geographers. Association of American Geographers Pub Date : 2015-05-13 DOI: 10.1080/00045608.2015.1022091

Pontus Hennerdal

{"title":"Beyond the Periphery: Child and Adult Understanding of World Map Continuity","authors":"Pontus Hennerdal","doi":"10.1080/00045608.2015.1022091","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00045608.2015.1022091","url":null,"abstract":"It is well established that map projections make it difficult for a map reader to correctly interpret angles, distances, and areas from a world map. A single map projection cannot ensure that all of the intuitive features of Euclidean geometry, such as angles, relative distances, and relative areas, are the same on the map and in reality. This article adds an additional difficulty by demonstrating a clear pattern of naïveté regarding the site at which a route that crosses the edge of a world map reappears. The argument is that this naïve understanding of the peripheral continuation is linear, meaning that the proposed continuation is along the straight line that continues tangentially to the original route when it crosses the edge. In general, this understanding leads to an incorrect interpretation concerning the continuation of world maps. It is only in special cases—such as radial routes on a planar projection and peripherally latitudinal routes on a cylindrical or pseudocylindrical projection with a normal aspect—that the actual peripheral continuation of the world map is linear. The data used in this article are based on questionnaires administered to 670 children aged nine to fifteen and eighty-two adults. This naïve understanding of the peripheral continuation, which leads to errors, was found to be entirely dominant among the children, regardless of the projection, and was clearly observed among the adults when the projection was cylindrical with a normal aspect.","PeriodicalId":80485,"journal":{"name":"Annals of the Association of American Geographers. Association of American Geographers","volume":"105 1","pages":"773 - 790"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00045608.2015.1022091","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"58758444","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 13