Annals of the Association of American Geographers. Association of American Geographers最新文献_第10页

Preferences Toward Neighbor Ethnicity and Affluence: Evidence from an Inherited Dual Ethnic Context in Post-Soviet Tartu, Estonia 对邻居种族和富裕的偏好:来自后苏联塔尔图继承的双重种族背景的证据，爱沙尼亚

Annals of the Association of American Geographers. Association of American Geographers Pub Date : 2015-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/00045608.2014.962973

Kadri Leetmaa, T. Tammaru, D. B. Hess

{"title":"Preferences Toward Neighbor Ethnicity and Affluence: Evidence from an Inherited Dual Ethnic Context in Post-Soviet Tartu, Estonia","authors":"Kadri Leetmaa, T. Tammaru, D. B. Hess","doi":"10.1080/00045608.2014.962973","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00045608.2014.962973","url":null,"abstract":"In the post-Soviet era, cities in Central and Eastern Europe inherited a rather undifferentiated sociospatial urban landscape that contrasts with the highly segregated cities in Western Europe and North America. In the Soviet era, ethnic segregation emerged as migrants were prioritized in public housing allocation. The dissolution of the Soviet Union, however, changed the economic and political position of those in-migrants. This study explores how inherited segregation patterns have evolved in the city of Tartu, Estonia. We use data from (1) 1998, 2008, and 2013 municipal surveys about stated preferences with regard to residential settings for the two main ethno-linguistic groups in Estonia (the Estonian majority and the mainly Russian-speaking minority population), and (2) the 2000 and 2011 national census that allows us to track changes in actual segregation patterns. We study two dimensions of preferences and segregation—ethnicity and neighbor affluence—and apply bivariate probit regression for the analysis of stated preferences. We detect a stronger preference among the majority population to live in its own language environment compared to minorities. Minority avoidance attitudes were strongest immediately after the collapse of the Soviet Union and restoration of Estonia's statehood; by the end of the 2000s the preferences of the two groups toward neighbor ethnicity converged. Members of the majority population, however, prefer affluent environments more than minorities do. Despite converging preferences, the actual levels of segregation have increased in Tartu. This suggests that socioeconomic differences drive patterns of ethnic segregation even when preferences with regard to ethnicity have become more tolerant.","PeriodicalId":80485,"journal":{"name":"Annals of the Association of American Geographers. Association of American Geographers","volume":"70 1","pages":"162 - 182"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00045608.2014.962973","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"58757863","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 35

The Potential Impact of Regional Climate Change on Fire Weather in the United States 区域气候变化对美国火灾天气的潜在影响

Annals of the Association of American Geographers. Association of American Geographers Pub Date : 2015-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/00045608.2014.968892

Ying Tang, S. Zhong, L. Luo, X. Bian, W. Heilman, J. Winkler

{"title":"The Potential Impact of Regional Climate Change on Fire Weather in the United States","authors":"Ying Tang, S. Zhong, L. Luo, X. Bian, W. Heilman, J. Winkler","doi":"10.1080/00045608.2014.968892","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00045608.2014.968892","url":null,"abstract":"Climate change is expected to alter the frequency and severity of atmospheric conditions conducive for wildfires. In this study, we assess potential changes in fire weather conditions for the contiguous United States using the Haines Index (HI), a fire weather index that has been employed operationally to detect atmospheric conditions favorable for large and erratic fire behavior. The index summarizes lower atmosphere stability and dryness into an integer value with higher values indicting more fire-prone conditions. We use simulations produced by the North American Regional Climate Change Assessment Program (NARCCAP) from multiple regional climate models (RCMs) driven by multiple general circulation models (GCMs) to examine changes by midcentury in the seasonal percentage of days and the consecutive number of days with high (values ≥ 5) HI across the United States. Despite differences among the six RCM–GCM combinations in the magnitude and location of the projected changes, the results consistently suggest an increase in the number of days with high HI values over most of the United States during the summer season, with the dryness factor of the HI contributing more than the stability parameter to the projected changes. In addition, the consecutive number of days with high HI is projected to increase in summer. Together, these results suggest that future summers might be more conducive to large and dangerous fires. The projections for other seasons are inconsistent among the model combinations.","PeriodicalId":80485,"journal":{"name":"Annals of the Association of American Geographers. Association of American Geographers","volume":"105 1","pages":"1 - 21"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00045608.2014.968892","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"58757931","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 47

Patterns of Socioeconomic Segregation in the Capital Cities of Fast-Track Reforming Postsocialist Countries 快速改革后社会主义国家首都的社会经济隔离模式

Annals of the Association of American Geographers. Association of American Geographers Pub Date : 2015-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/00045608.2014.968977

S. Marcińczak, T. Tammaru, J. Novák, M. Gentile, Z. Kovács, Jana Temelová, Vytautas Valatka, Anneli Kährik, B. Szabó

{"title":"Patterns of Socioeconomic Segregation in the Capital Cities of Fast-Track Reforming Postsocialist Countries","authors":"S. Marcińczak, T. Tammaru, J. Novák, M. Gentile, Z. Kovács, Jana Temelová, Vytautas Valatka, Anneli Kährik, B. Szabó","doi":"10.1080/00045608.2014.968977","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00045608.2014.968977","url":null,"abstract":"Socioeconomic disparities have been rising on both sides of the Atlantic for the last forty years. This study illuminates the relationship among economic inequality, other contextual and institutional factors, and socioeconomic intraurban segregation in Eastern Europe. We draw our empirical evidence from the capital cities of so-called fast-track reforming postsocialist countries: Estonia, Hungary, Lithuania, Poland, and the Czech Republic. The analysis consists of two stages. First, we use the traditional indexes of segregation to assess the global levels of socioeconomic segregation in the case cities. Second, we investigate the global patterns and local geographies of socioeconomic residential intermixing and introduce a typology of neighborhoods based on the socio-occupational composition of their residential tracts. Despite rapidly growing income inequality, the levels of socioeconomic segregation in the postsocialist city are either low or very low. The scale of segregation differs between the cities and the patterns of residential intermixing in the large cities of central and Eastern Europe are fundamentally different from those found in the Baltic states. The results lead to two important conclusions. One is that the link between socioeconomic distance and spatial distance in postsocialist cities is moderately sensitive to the level of economic inequality and to other contributory factors. The other key finding is that inertia effects have offset the immediate catalyzing effect of economic liberalization, globalization, and growing socioeconomic inequality on the patterns of segregation, at least in the first decade after the collapse of socialism.","PeriodicalId":80485,"journal":{"name":"Annals of the Association of American Geographers. Association of American Geographers","volume":"105 1","pages":"183 - 202"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00045608.2014.968977","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"58758002","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 103

“Drifting” in Lhasa: Cultural Encounter, Contested Modernity, and the Negotiation of Tibetanness 拉萨的“漂流”:文化相遇、争议的现代性与藏性的协商

Annals of the Association of American Geographers. Association of American Geographers Pub Date : 2015-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/00045608.2014.962975

Hong Zhu, Junxi Qian

{"title":"“Drifting” in Lhasa: Cultural Encounter, Contested Modernity, and the Negotiation of Tibetanness","authors":"Hong Zhu, Junxi Qian","doi":"10.1080/00045608.2014.962975","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00045608.2014.962975","url":null,"abstract":"During the past decade, thousands of Han Chinese have migrated to Lhasa, the capital city of the Tibet Autonomous Region, to pursue a slow-paced and leisurely lifestyle in a land in which they have invested both fantasies and emotional attachment. These lifestyle migrants constitute a culturally unique group dubbed, by themselves and in folk discourse alike, “drifters in Tibet.” This group puts into question the positions and identities of the socially and economically advantaged Han, by hybridizing with and adopting what they assume to be authentic Tibetan values and worldviews. This article takes Han Chinese's “drifting in Lhasa” as a point of entry to inquiry of the ongoing negotiation of Tibetanness. Drifters mobilize Tibetanness as a repository of representational, discursive, and experiential resources to critically reflect on recent modernization and economic development in the interior of China. Yet, in embracing Tibetanness to problematize the privileged position of the Han in Tibet, the drifters have not distanced themselves from an essentialized conception of Tibetanness. They uncritically celebrate the state's economic subsidies as a means for preserving what they think of as “authentic” Tibetan lifestyles. Tibetans, on the other hand, contest the rigid binary opposition between Han developmentalism and the perceived economic inertia of Tibetans, a regime of identity regulation implicated in uneven power. In particular, Tibetans respond to the drifters’ representations by configuring alternative, but nonetheless “modernized,” conceptions of ethnicity and indigenous identity.","PeriodicalId":80485,"journal":{"name":"Annals of the Association of American Geographers. Association of American Geographers","volume":"105 1","pages":"144 - 161"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00045608.2014.962975","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"58757881","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 19

Critical Reflection Mapping as a Hybrid Methodology for Examining Sociospatial Perceptions of New Research Sites 批判性反思映射作为一种混合方法，用于检查新的研究地点的社会空间感知

Annals of the Association of American Geographers. Association of American Geographers Pub Date : 2015-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/00045608.2014.960041

Timothy L. Hawthorne, P. Solís, Brittney Terry, Marie Price, C. Atchison

{"title":"Critical Reflection Mapping as a Hybrid Methodology for Examining Sociospatial Perceptions of New Research Sites","authors":"Timothy L. Hawthorne, P. Solís, Brittney Terry, Marie Price, C. Atchison","doi":"10.1080/00045608.2014.960041","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00045608.2014.960041","url":null,"abstract":"We introduce critical reflection mapping as a novel and hybrid research methodology for examining the sociospatial perceptions of researchers in new research settings, particularly international ones. The methodology, theoretically situated within the critical geographic information systems literature, combines two existing research methods (qualitative sketch mapping and critical reflection) to elicit original ways in which researchers can critically reflect on an area new to them while spatially linking these qualitative place-based reflections to sketch maps. The methodology allows for synergistic data sets to inform each other and to be analyzed together rather than separately. Through critical reflection mapping, we demonstrate how multiple data sets and methods are combined so that critical reflection and word clouds add significant intellectual value by making another layer of textual information immediately accessible to qualitative sketch mapping data analysis. We present two case studies in Belize and Panama from our current community geography research agendas to demonstrate the viability as well as the caveats of this novel methodology for understanding and representing the immediate sociospatial perceptions of researchers. In the context of international research experiences discussed in this article, the methodology captures individual responses to features of the built environment including walkability and sustainability; documents the changing emotions a newly immersed researcher has in a largely unfamiliar geographic setting; and connects new experiences in a foreign research setting to an individual's everyday lived experiences, positionality, and multiple identities. It also makes these experiences more visible to fellow researchers in a large research team and thus lends itself as a potential forum for shared reflection.","PeriodicalId":80485,"journal":{"name":"Annals of the Association of American Geographers. Association of American Geographers","volume":"105 1","pages":"22 - 47"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00045608.2014.960041","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"58758160","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 34

Justice and Boundary Setting in Greenhouse Gas Cap and Trade Policy: A Case Study of the Western Climate Initiative 温室气体总量控制与交易政策中的正义与边界设置——以西部气候倡议为例

Annals of the Association of American Geographers. Association of American Geographers Pub Date : 2015-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/00045608.2014.960043

Sonja Klinsky

{"title":"Justice and Boundary Setting in Greenhouse Gas Cap and Trade Policy: A Case Study of the Western Climate Initiative","authors":"Sonja Klinsky","doi":"10.1080/00045608.2014.960043","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00045608.2014.960043","url":null,"abstract":"Cap and trade systems have been pursued as a primary strategy for addressing climate change but have received surprisingly little analysis from a justice perspective. Using a multivalent justice framework that includes the dimensions of distribution, recognition, and representation, this article examines the development of the Western Climate Initiative (WCI), the largest multijurisdictional North American attempt to create a greenhouse gas (GHG) cap and trade system. Decisions involving five components of creating the system are interrogated: participation metrics, stakeholder consultations, methods of policy analysis, market boundaries, and policy guidelines. This analysis yields two sets of observations. First, the article documents how market-oriented regulation contracted understandings of climate change policy. Decisions taken to facilitate the commodification and marketization of GHGs narrowed the understanding of justice with the WCI to the concept of “fair play” among market participants. Second, the article argues that using a multivalent approach to justice facilitates the observation of how a relatively shallow understanding of justice was shaped in this particular context. It also concludes, however, by considering the limitations of this approach to justice, in particular the dimension of representation, when faced with multiscalar and ambiguous policy contexts such as those inherent to climate policy.","PeriodicalId":80485,"journal":{"name":"Annals of the Association of American Geographers. Association of American Geographers","volume":"105 1","pages":"105 - 122"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00045608.2014.960043","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"58758246","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 10

Alter-Childhoods: Biopolitics and Childhoods in Alternative Education Spaces 另类童年:另类教育空间中的生命政治与童年

Annals of the Association of American Geographers. Association of American Geographers Pub Date : 2015-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/00045608.2014.962969

Peter Kraftl

引用次数: 65

Genetic GIScience: Toward a Place-Based Synthesis of the Genome, Exposome, and Behavome. 遗传地理科学：基于地点的基因组、暴露组和行为组综合研究》（Toward a Place-Based Synthesis of the Genome, Exposome, and Behaviorome）。

Annals of the Association of American Geographers. Association of American Geographers Pub Date : 2015-01-01 DOI: 10.1080/00045608.2015.1018777

Geoffrey M Jacquez, Clive E Sabel, Chen Shi

{"title":"Genetic GIScience: Toward a Place-Based Synthesis of the Genome, Exposome, and Behavome.","authors":"Geoffrey M Jacquez, Clive E Sabel, Chen Shi","doi":"10.1080/00045608.2015.1018777","DOIUrl":"10.1080/00045608.2015.1018777","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The exposome, defined as the totality of an individual's exposures over the life course, is a seminal concept in the environmental health sciences. Although inherently geographic, the exposome as yet is unfamiliar to many geographers. This article proposes a place-based synthesis, genetic geographic information science (Genetic GISc) that is founded on the exposome, genome+ and behavome. It provides an improved understanding of human health in relation to biology (the genome+), environmental exposures (the exposome), and their social, societal and behavioral determinants (the behavome). Genetic GISc poses three key needs: First, a mathematical foundation for emergent theory; Second, process-based models that bridge biological and geographic scales; Third, biologically plausible estimates of space-time disease lags. Compartmental models are a possible solution; this article develops two models using pancreatic cancer as an exemplar. The first models carcinogenesis based on the cascade of mutations and cellular changes that lead to metastatic cancer. The second models cancer stages by diagnostic criteria. These provide empirical estimates of the distribution of latencies in cellular states and disease stages, and maps of the burden of yet to be diagnosed disease. This approach links our emerging knowledge of genomics to cancer progression at the cellular level, to individuals and their cancer stage at diagnosis, to geographic distributions of cancer in extant populations. These methodological developments and exemplar provide the basis for a new synthesis in health geography: genetic geographic information science.</p>","PeriodicalId":80485,"journal":{"name":"Annals of the Association of American Geographers. Association of American Geographers","volume":"105 3","pages":"454-472"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4554694/pdf/nihms674306.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33977425","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Annals, Volume 104 Index 年鉴，第104卷索引

Annals of the Association of American Geographers. Association of American Geographers Pub Date : 2014-11-02 DOI: 10.1080/00045608.2014.958403

M. Leach, J. Fairhead, M. Tonts, Roy Jones, J. Holmes, Palestinian Counter-Cartography

{"title":"Annals, Volume 104 Index","authors":"M. Leach, J. Fairhead, M. Tonts, Roy Jones, J. Holmes, Palestinian Counter-Cartography","doi":"10.1080/00045608.2014.958403","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00045608.2014.958403","url":null,"abstract":"Agent-Based Modeling in Coupled Human and Natural Systems (CHANS): Lessons from a Comparative Analysis, Li An, Alex Zvoleff, Jianguo Liu, and William Axin, 4:723 Ahas, Rein, see Silm, Siiri The Amenity Principle, Internal Migration, and Rural Development in Australia, Neil Argent, Matthew Tonts, Roy Jones, and John Holmes, 2:305 An, Li, Alex Zvoleff, Jianguo Liu, and William Axinn, AgentBased Modeling in Coupled Human and Natural Systems (CHANS): Lessons from a Comparative Analysis, 4:723 Andersson, Eva K., see Malmberg, Bo Anthropogenic Dark Earths in the Landscapes of Upper Guinea, West Africa: Intentional or Inevitable?, James Angus Fraser, Melissa Leach, and James Fairhead, 6:1222 Argent, Neil, Matthew Tonts, Roy Jones, and John Holmes, The Amenity Principle, Internal Migration, and Rural Development in Australia, 2:305 Art of War, Art of Resistance: Palestinian Counter-Cartography on Google Earth, Linda Quiquivix, 3:444 Authorizing the “Natives”: Governmentality, Dispossession and the Contradictions of Rule in Colonial Zambia, Tomas Frederiksen, 6:1273 Axinn, William, see An, Li","PeriodicalId":80485,"journal":{"name":"Annals of the Association of American Geographers. Association of American Geographers","volume":"104 1","pages":"1324 - 1328"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00045608.2014.958403","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"58758086","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Manuscript Reviewers 手稿评论者

Annals of the Association of American Geographers. Association of American Geographers Pub Date : 2014-11-02 DOI: 10.1080/00045608.2014.958400

引用次数: 0