Annals of Indian Academy of Neurology最新文献

{"title":"Prevalence, Risk Factors, and Psychosocial Impact of Restless Legs Syndrome in End-Stage Renal Disease Patients Undergoing Hemodialysis - A Cross-Sectional Study.","authors":"Alamanda Venkata Anupama, Anish Mehta, Mahendra Javali, Mahesh Eswarappa, Pradeep Rangaiah, Purushottam Acharya","doi":"10.4103/aian.aian_1038_24","DOIUrl":"10.4103/aian.aian_1038_24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and objectives: </strong>Restless legs syndrome (RLS) is common but often underdiagnosed in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) undergoing hemodialysis, significantly impacting their quality of life. This study investigates the prevalence, risk factors, and psychosocial effects of RLS in this population.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional study was conducted among 308 hemodialysis patients at a tertiary care hospital. RLS was diagnosed based on the International Restless Legs Syndrome Study Group criteria. The severity of RLS, sleep quality, and mental health were assessed using the International Restless Legs Syndrome (IRLS) Severity Score, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. Clinical and biochemical parameters were also analyzed. Statistical significance was determined using Chi-squared and unpaired t -tests ( P < 0.05).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>RLS was identified in 46 patients (14.9%). Among them, 56.6% had mild symptoms, 41.3% had moderate symptoms, and 2.1% had severe symptoms. Patients with RLS were younger (50.15 ± 12.19 vs. 57.41 ± 13.43 years, P = 0.001) and had lower body weight (57.89 ± 9.64 vs. 62.78 ± 10.58 kg, P = 0.03). Anxiety and depression were significantly higher in the RLS group ( P = 0.001). Poor sleep quality was reported in 97.8% of RLS patients ( P = 0.001). Hemoglobin ( P = 0.02) and thyroid-stimulating hormone ( P = 0.03) levels also differed significantly between groups.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>RLS is highly prevalent in ESRD patients undergoing hemodialysis and is associated with significant psychosocial burden and poor sleep quality.</p>","PeriodicalId":8036,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Indian Academy of Neurology","volume":" ","pages":"387-391"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144224087","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging Markers in Idiopathic Inflammatory Myopathy - A Prospective Observational Study.","authors":"M M Samim, Ashita Barthur, Seena Vengalil, Saraswati Nashi, Deepak Menon, Kartik Ganga, Bhavana Krishna Gutta, Abhijeet Narsing Jadhao, Dipti Baskar, Ravindu Tiwari, S G Manu, Vidya Nittur, Priya Treesa Thomas, Talakad N Sathyaprabha, Atchayaram Nalini","doi":"10.4103/aian.aian_1001_24","DOIUrl":"10.4103/aian.aian_1001_24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and objectives: </strong>Idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIMs) encompass a spectrum of conditions with diverse muscular and extra-muscular symptoms, including cardiac manifestations, which significantly impact morbidity and mortality. Our study aims to assess cardiac involvement markers in IIM using cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMR) and evaluate their association with disease severity.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We recruited 62 participants prospectively, including 31 clinically suspected IIM patients and 31 healthy controls who were matched by age and sex. CMR with multiparametric mapping (1.5 T magnetic resonance imaging) and the Myositis Disease Activity Assessment Tool (MDAAT) were used in the evaluation.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>With a mean age of 35.3 ± 12.2 years and a female preponderance (F:M = 2.4:1), the majority of the study population (77.4%) exhibited positive myositis-specific antibodies, whereas 45.2% had myositis-associated antibodies. Cardiac symptoms were reported by 45.2% of the cases, while 48.3% had an MDAAT cardiac Visual Analog Scale (VAS) score of ≥1, indicating potential cardiac involvement. Cases had significantly higher native T1 and T2 mapping values (1085.7 ± 57.7 vs. 1043.3 ± 36.1 ms, P = 0.002 and 52.9 ± 4.3 vs. 50.4 ± 2.6 ms, P = 0.011, respectively). Late gadolinium enhancement was seen in 6.4%. The native T1 value positively correlated with the MDAAT total score (ρ = 0.376, P < 0.014) and cardiac VAS score (ρ = 0.259, P = 0.038). A native T1 value ≥1048.25 ms has 72.7% sensitivity and 51.4% specificity (AUC = 0.711, P = 0.019) in detecting cardiac involvement.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Clinical parameters and CMR multiparametric mapping are shown to be correlated in this prospective investigation. It is the first study to look at the cardiac mapping parameters' sensitivity and specificity to MDAAT-based cardiac involvement. In the Indian population with IIM, it is the first assessment of cardiac involvement utilizing CMR. In IIM, this endeavor is expected to greatly improve early detection, prevention, and treatment of cardiac complications.</p>","PeriodicalId":8036,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Indian Academy of Neurology","volume":" ","pages":"392-399"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144265117","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Jaw-Opening Myoclonus: A Rare and Distinctive Sign in Subacute Sclerosing Panencephalitis.","authors":"Bhavani Madduluri, Suryaprabha Turaga, Yenni Harika, Sabeeha Naaz, S Arun","doi":"10.4103/aian.aian_1075_24","DOIUrl":"10.4103/aian.aian_1075_24","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8036,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Indian Academy of Neurology","volume":" ","pages":"469-471"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143536385","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dengue-Associated Myelin Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein Antibody-Positive Longitudinally Extensive Transverse Myelitis.","authors":"Shubhakaran Khichar, Pradeep Lalwani, Nidhi Yadav","doi":"10.4103/aian.aian_1058_24","DOIUrl":"10.4103/aian.aian_1058_24","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8036,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Indian Academy of Neurology","volume":" ","pages":"466-469"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143762605","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Expanding Spectrum of Anti-IgLON5 Disease: A Case Series from an Indian Cohort.","authors":"Avinash Ganapule, Divyani Garg, Ayush Agarwal, Anu Gupta, Roopa Rajan, Soaham Desai, Mitesh Chandarana, S Sidharth, Madhavi Tripathi, Ajay Garg, Divya M Radhakrishnan, Achal Kumar Srivastava","doi":"10.4103/aian.aian_1073_24","DOIUrl":"10.4103/aian.aian_1073_24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Abstract: </strong>Anti-IgLON5 disease is an evolving entity that lies at the confluence of autoimmunity and neurodegeneration. Reports from India remain sparse. In this series, we describe seven Indian patients with anti-IgLON5-related disease. Patients presented across the fifth to eighth decades with a mean duration of illness of 16 months. All had movement disorders, which included gait ataxia, parkinsonism, and chorea. Six patients had sleep disturbances. Five had a frontal dysexecutive dementia phenotype. Two had epilepsy. Bulbar involvement was present in four, and one had amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)-like features. Magnetic resonance imaging was abnormal in two cases. Positron emission tomography of the brain also contributed to diagnosis. Combination immunotherapies were used in most of the patients, with three showing a sustained response and two deaths reported due to sepsis-related complications. It is important to recognize the increasing spectrum of IgLON5-related disease to enable timely initiation of immunotherapy before marked degeneration occurs.</p>","PeriodicalId":8036,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Indian Academy of Neurology","volume":" ","pages":"440-444"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143965679","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Case of Supratentorial Lymphocytic Inflammation with Parenchymal Perivascular Enhancement Responsive to Steroids (SLIPPERS) with Associated Chronic Lymphocytic Inflammation with Pontine Perivascular Enhancement Responsive to Steroids (CLIPPERS) and a Review of Literature.","authors":"Shivam Mirg, Animesh Das, Akhil Parashar, Manjari Tripathi, Ajay Garg","doi":"10.4103/aian.aian_998_24","DOIUrl":"10.4103/aian.aian_998_24","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8036,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Indian Academy of Neurology","volume":" ","pages":"474-476"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143966635","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"SPRINT INDIA: Regional Variations in Primary and Secondary Stroke Outcomes Based on Baseline Characteristics in North and South Indian Sites.","authors":"Somasundaram Kumaravelu, Shweta Jain Verma, Rimpi Arora, Deepti Arora, K S Arya Devi, Aneesh Dhasan, Padmavathyamma Narayanapillai Sylaja, Dheeraj Khurana, Pamidimukkala Vijaya, Biman Ray, Vivek Nambiar, Sanjith Aaron, Gaurav Mittal, Sundarachary Nagarjunakonda, Aparna Pai, Yerasu Muralidhar Reddy, Sunil Narayan, Nomal Borah, Rupjyoti Das, Girish Kulkarni, Vikram Huded, Thomas Mathew, Madakasira Vasantha Padma Srivastava, Rohit Bhatia, Pawan Ojha, Jayanta Roy, Sherly Abraham, Anand Vaishnav, Arvind Sharma, Shaikh Afshan Jabeen, Abhishek Pathak, Sanjeev Bhoi, Sudhir Sharma, Sulena Sulena, Aralikatte Onkarappa Saroja, Neetu Ramrakhiani, Madhusudhan Byadarahalli Kempegowda, Sankar Gorthi, Mahesh Kate, Tina George, Ivy Sebastian, Meenakshi Sharma, Rupinder Dhaliwal, Rahul Huilgol, Jeyaraj Durai Pandian","doi":"10.4103/aian.aian_792_24","DOIUrl":"10.4103/aian.aian_792_24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and objectives: </strong>Regional differences in stroke prevalence and outcomes in India, driven by demographic and risk factors, are crucial for guiding effective prevention and management strategies. This subanalysis of Secondary prevention with a structured semi-interactive stroke prevention package in INDIA (SPRINT INDIA) randomized controlled trial compared the demographics, risk factors, and clinical outcomes of stroke patients from North and South India to identify regional differences and inform targeted interventions for stroke prevention.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The study analyzed data of 4298 participants from 31 stroke centers across India, focusing on demographics, stroke types, and risk factors. In this study, Mumbai, located at 19.07°N in western India, serves as the dividing line between North and South India. One-year follow-up data from 3038 patients were utilized to examine regional disparities between North and South India.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>South Indian stroke patients were predominantly rural (60.1%) and less educated (58.2%), while North Indian patients were mostly urban (64.2%). South Indian patients had higher incidence of ischemic stroke (91.1% vs. 73.5%, P = 0.001) and higher rates of large artery atherosclerosis (33.6% vs. 19.7%, P = 0.001), hypertension, type 2 diabetes, smoking, and alcohol consumption, but better medication adherence. In contrast, North Indian patients had higher high-density lipoprotein, drug use, and tobacco use. At 1-year follow-up, North Indian patients had more high-risk transient ischemic attacks and poorer lifestyle-related outcomes, despite South Indians having higher systolic blood pressure and fasting glucose levels.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Region-specific strategies are crucial. Block randomization may help. South India needs better lifestyle modification programs, while North India requires improved health education and medication adherence strategies.Trial registration: CTRI/2017/09/009600.</p>","PeriodicalId":8036,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Indian Academy of Neurology","volume":" ","pages":"378-386"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143966810","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phenotypic Variations in Clinical Presentations of Paramyotonia Congenita in Two Brothers.","authors":"Kamalesh Tayade, Vishakha Ghadi, Dynaneshwar Asole, Haresh Bharote, Anil Venkatachalam","doi":"10.4103/aian.aian_1070_24","DOIUrl":"10.4103/aian.aian_1070_24","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8036,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Indian Academy of Neurology","volume":" ","pages":"476-478"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143957164","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Construction Tasks in Diagnosis of Early Cognitive Impairment - A Critical Revisitation.","authors":"Sayooja Sachithanandan, P K Parvathy, S R Sushama, P G Rajesh, Meenu Surendran, Anjali Suku, Prinu Jose, Jeemon Panniyammakal, Ravi Prasad Varma, Ramshekhar N Menon","doi":"10.4103/aian.aian_1000_24","DOIUrl":"10.4103/aian.aian_1000_24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and objectives: </strong>This study aimed to look at the utility of the clock drawing test (CDT) and cube construction test (CCT) in diagnosing early cognitive impairment (ECI) and the correlations among various demographic variables and neuropsychological tests.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This is a retrospective study with data collected from an ongoing registry. Elderly with at least 8 years of formal education were categorized into cognitively normal (CN), mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and early dementia (ED) as per established criteria. Their CDT and CCT scores were assessed using a scoring system and errors were also analysed by the principal investigator blinded to the clinical diagnosis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 228 subjects with a mean age of 69 ± 6.7 years were categorized into three groups: 80 CN subjects, 77 with MCI, and 71 with ED. Age was negatively and the level of education was positively correlated to CDT and CCT scores among CN, but not in ECI. Qualitative errors on CDT included significantly more graphic, spatial, and conceptual errors and stimulus-bound responses among ED compared to CN and the latter two error subsets compared to MCI. Logistic regression revealed that higher age and lower quantitative CDT scores were independent predictors for classifying ECI from CN. The addition of qualitative errors of CDT rendered a greater effect size in classifying ED from MCI and CN.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>CDT and CCT scores performed better in diagnosing ED and MCI from CN. CDT scored better as a diagnostic tool than CCT possibly due to better objectivity in the scoring system with qualitative information.</p>","PeriodicalId":8036,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Indian Academy of Neurology","volume":" ","pages":"406-413"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144155834","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical and Electrical Evolution of \"Pseudo\" Spike-Wave Activation in Sleep EEG Patterns in Self-Limited Childhood Epilepsies.","authors":"Neetha Balaram, Smita Balachandran, Abdul V Gafoor, S R Ratheesh","doi":"10.4103/aian.aian_899_24","DOIUrl":"10.4103/aian.aian_899_24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Abstract: </strong>The purpose of this study was to identify the pseudo spike-wave activation in sleep (SWAS) patterns in the electroencephalogram (EEG) of self-limited focal epilepsies of childhood (SeLFE) and study their clinical and electrical evolution. Sleep EEG and clinical data of children aged 2-12 years with SeLFE and pseudo-SWAS were collected retrospectively from our EEG database and were followed periodically every 6 months with clinical, EEG, and neurocognitive assessments. Nine children were identified and were grouped as follows: (a) pseudo-SWAS pattern caused by type 1 occipitofrontal spikes in five children, who had no clinical worsening on follow-up, and this pattern resolved within 3 years; (b) pseudo-SWAS pattern without occipitofrontal spikes in three children that was caused by diffusion of pre-existing focal spikes; and (c) pseudo-SWAS pattern induced by antiseizure medication in one child, which completely resolved on withdrawing the medication. Electro-clinical dissociation occurred in pseudo-SWAS, and none of them evolved to developmental and/or epileptic encephalopathy with SWAS. Identification of these patterns helps to avoid inadvertent use of antiseizure medications and immunomodulators.</p>","PeriodicalId":8036,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Indian Academy of Neurology","volume":" ","pages":"426-431"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144246073","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}