Annals of Indian Academy of Neurology最新文献

{"title":"Correspondence- From Odor Detection to Odor Meaning: Reframing Olfactory Testing in Parkinson's Disease Through a Graded Indian Smell Identification Approach.","authors":"T K Abins, Ravi Gaur, Nagma Sheenam, Arindam Ghosh, Fiyanshu Satyavna","doi":"10.4103/aian.aian_733_26","DOIUrl":"10.4103/aian.aian_733_26","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8036,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Indian Academy of Neurology","volume":" ","pages":"905-906"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149190843","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hepatitis B Infection-Associated Aortoarteritis.","authors":"Farsana Mustafa, Ajay Garg, Shamim A Shamim, Divyani Garg, Shailesh B Gaikwad, Achal K Srivastava, Ayush Agarwal","doi":"10.4103/aian.aian_351_26","DOIUrl":"10.4103/aian.aian_351_26","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8036,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Indian Academy of Neurology","volume":" ","pages":"857-859"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148350425","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence and Treatment Gap of Epilepsy in Rural Ludhiana: A Community-Based Study.","authors":"Aman Bansal, Anurag Chaudhary, Sangeeta Girdhar, Gagandeep Singh, Pranjl Sharma, Ashwani K Chaudhary","doi":"10.4103/aian.aian_1305_25","DOIUrl":"10.4103/aian.aian_1305_25","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and objectives: </strong>Epilepsy, a significant neurological disorder prevalent globally, poses considerable challenges in India due to lifestyle changes, increased life expectancy, and varied healthcare access. Its prevalence in India contributes to 20% of the global burden, with notable treatment gaps and stigmatization affecting patients' quality of life and economic stability. This study aims to assess the prevalence of epilepsy and determinants of treatment gaps in rural Ludhiana.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This community-based cross-sectional study, conducted in rural Ludhiana, Punjab, involved door-to-door screening of 31,043 individuals using the Placencia 9-item questionnaire. The entire population of the field practice area was screened using a census approach. Data on sociodemographic profile, seizure history, treatment gap, clinical and treatment-related factors, and medical history were included. Institutional ethics approval and informed consent from participants were obtained.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of the 31,043 individuals screened, 195 were identified as screen positive for epilepsy, and 61 (32.6%) had active epilepsy. The lifetime prevalence of epilepsy was 2.5 per 1,000 individuals, and the prevalence of active epilepsy was 1.96 per 1,000 individuals. A bimodal age distribution of epilepsy was noted, with the highest lifetime prevalence among people aged ≥80 years. A significant treatment gap was observed, with 49.2% of individuals with active epilepsy not receiving appropriate treatment, influenced by factors such as age, gender, education, marital status, and socioeconomic status.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The study underscores the significant prevalence and treatment gap of epilepsy in rural Ludhiana, highlighting the need for improved awareness, targeted healthcare strategies, and rehabilitation efforts. Strengthening counseling services at the primary healthcare level may substantially improve treatment adherence. A multifaceted approach is required considering socioeconomic, educational, and cultural factors.</p>","PeriodicalId":8036,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Indian Academy of Neurology","volume":" ","pages":"803-809"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149178561","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Drooping Finger: An Atypical Manifestation of Myasthenia Gravis.","authors":"Akshata Huddar, Vishal Chandra Sharma, Vaibhav Bhat","doi":"10.4103/aian.aian_350_26","DOIUrl":"10.4103/aian.aian_350_26","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8036,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Indian Academy of Neurology","volume":" ","pages":"855-856"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148787242","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correspondence- \"Sleep-Related Breathing Disorders in Children with Epilepsy: Prevalence and Risk Factors\".","authors":"Kalyana Prabhakaran, Muthu Chidambaram, Jenish Rajma","doi":"10.4103/aian.aian_735_26","DOIUrl":"10.4103/aian.aian_735_26","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8036,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Indian Academy of Neurology","volume":" ","pages":"908-909"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148904727","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prothrombotic States in Acute Ischemic Stroke: Real-world Evidence on Clinical Features and Outcomes from Hospital-Based Stroke Registry Program in India.","authors":"Deepadarshan Huliyappa, Thilagavathi Ramamoorthy, Kizhessery Rahna, Kalentavida Anilkumar, Rahul Rajendra Koli, Prashant Mathur","doi":"10.4103/aian.aian_825_26","DOIUrl":"10.4103/aian.aian_825_26","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and objectives: </strong>Prothrombotic states (PSs) are important but underrecognized contributors to acute ischemic stroke (AIS), particularly in resource-limited settings where thrombophilia testing is not routinely available. This study estimated the prevalence and spectrum of PSs in AIS and compared clinical characteristics and outcomes across risk categories.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study used multicenter registry-based observational cohort data from 77 Indian Council of Medical Research-National Institute of NCD Epidemiology (ICMR-NINE) Hospital-Based Stroke Registries in India (2020-2025). Adults (≥18 years) with clinically and radiologically confirmed AIS were included. Clinical characteristics were compared across hyperhomocysteinemia and inherited (H&I), acquired, and triggering PSs, conventional risk factors, and no-risk-factor categories. Binary logistic regression identified predictors of poor 90-day functional outcome (modified Rankin Scale ≥3).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among 69,734 AIS patients, 3,109 (4.5%) had documented PSs. H&I (3.12%) was most common, followed by acquired (0.75%) and triggering conditions (0.72%). Patients with PSs were younger and had fewer conventional risk factors. Large artery atherosclerosis, multiple brain-area involvement, and multi-territory infarcts were more frequent. Acquired states were more frequent among patients with greater stroke severity and were observed more frequently among those who experienced higher in-hospital mortality (11.6%) and 90-day mortality (32.1%). In adjusted analyses, acquired states independently predicted poor outcomes [adjusted odds ratio (aOR): 1.91; 95% confidence interval: 1.53-2.40], whereas H&I (aOR: 0.63) and triggering states (aOR: 0.75) were associated with lower odds of poor outcome than conventional risk factors.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>PSs account for a small but clinically important proportion of AIS in India. Acquired PSs are associated with worse prognosis, underscoring the need for targeted evaluation and context-specific guidelines in resource-limited settings.</p>","PeriodicalId":8036,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Indian Academy of Neurology","volume":" ","pages":"810-817"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149190824","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neurological Manifestations in People Living with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (PLHIV) in India: A Scoping Review and the Need for a National HIV-Neurology Special Interest Group.","authors":"Farsana Mustafa, Divyani Garg, Venugopalan Y Vishnu, Achal Kumar Srivastava, Ayush Agarwal","doi":"10.4103/aian.aian_197_26","DOIUrl":"10.4103/aian.aian_197_26","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and objectives: </strong>Despite a low national prevalence of 0.20%, India's absolute burden of 2.544 million people living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) presents clinicians with varied neurological complications. While combination antiretroviral therapy (ART) has extended survival, the neuro-HIV profile in India, characterized by the predominance of HIV-1 clade C, remains distinct from that reported in Western cohorts. This scoping review aimed to identify patterns of neurological manifestations in India across the pre-ART, ART, and \"treat-all\" eras and to support the establishment of a National HIV Neurology Special Interest Group.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) guidelines, a systematic search was conducted for studies published between 1991 and 2025. Eligible studies included Indian adults living with HIV aged ≥18 years with definitive neurological syndromic diagnoses.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 148 studies involving 3,433 patients were included. The \"treat-all\" era (post-2017) had the highest reporting volume from India. The central nervous system involvement predominated (94.7%), with opportunistic infections identified as the most common etiology (74.83%). Meningitis was the most-frequent neurological syndrome (1,187 cases; 54.5%), and Cryptococcus (439 cases; 12.78%) and Mycobacterium tuberculosis (374 cases; 10.89%) were the most common pathogens. Diagnoses were commonly established using a combination of clinical examination, neuroimaging, and cerebrospinal fluid analysis (2,799 cases; 81.5%). ART data were unavailable for 91.8% of patients.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The neurology-HIV scenario in India is characterized by a high burden of acute opportunistic infections. The significant dependence on empirical polypharmacy and the identified gaps in ART-related data reveal a poorly integrated care model.</p>","PeriodicalId":8036,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Indian Academy of Neurology","volume":" ","pages":"723-731"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149190806","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chronic Meningitis-Like Presentation of Primary Diffuse Leptomeningeal Melanomatosis in a Young Child.","authors":"J Akshaya, Hansashree Padmanabha, K Raghavendra, Arka P Chattopadhyay, E Hemanth, Navnik S Bhardwaj, Anita Mahadevan","doi":"10.4103/aian.aian_14_26","DOIUrl":"10.4103/aian.aian_14_26","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8036,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Indian Academy of Neurology","volume":" ","pages":"875-878"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148705243","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Speech-Induced Myoclonus-Dystonia Mimicking Stuttering and Responding to Zonisamide.","authors":"Gouri R Passi, Puja Kapoor","doi":"10.4103/aian.aian_208_26","DOIUrl":"10.4103/aian.aian_208_26","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Abstract: </strong>We present the case of a child with myoclonus-dystonia (MD) who was mistaken for having stuttering and responded to oral zonisamide therapy. An 11-year-old boy presented with a 3-month history of speech-induced myoclonus, dystonia, and speech disfluency, with a positive family history in his father. A final diagnosis of MD was made, and the child responded to zonisamide. MD is a treatable form of neurogenic stuttering. It may mimic stuttering, and detailed analysis of the phenomenology and the evaluation of family history may help establish the diagnosis. A trial of zonisamide may be considered in the treatment of this disabling condition.</p>","PeriodicalId":8036,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Indian Academy of Neurology","volume":" ","pages":"860-862"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148863256","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Authors' reply- \"Sleep-Related Breathing Disorders in Children with Epilepsy: Prevalence and Risk Factors\".","authors":"Aayushi Agrawal, Neelu Desai, Deepak Phalgune, Vrajesh Udani","doi":"10.4103/aian.aian_877_26","DOIUrl":"10.4103/aian.aian_877_26","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8036,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Indian Academy of Neurology","volume":" ","pages":"909-910"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149103160","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}