Annals of Indian Academy of Neurology最新文献

{"title":"Congenital CD59 Deficiency-A Novel Cause of Relapsing-Remitting Polyneuropathy.","authors":"Leema P Cornelius, Jered Livingston, Neeraj Elango","doi":"10.4103/aian.aian_1084_24","DOIUrl":"10.4103/aian.aian_1084_24","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8036,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Indian Academy of Neurology","volume":" ","pages":"604-605"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12393856/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144648388","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Polyneuropathy due to n -Hexane Intoxication - A Case Series.","authors":"Khichar P Shubhakaran, Pradeep Lalwani, Nidhi Yadav","doi":"10.4103/aian.aian_39_25","DOIUrl":"10.4103/aian.aian_39_25","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Abstract: </strong>n -Hexane, a volatile organic chemical, is notorious for its neurotoxicity in occupational settings. We present four patients working in a needle manufacturing factory who presented with polyneuropathy after exposure to n -hexane by inhalation. Cerebrospinal fluid showed albuminocytological dissociation. Nerve conduction study (NCV) showed primary demyelination with secondary axonal polyneuropathy. Excluding the other possible causes, the diagnosis of n -hexane neuropathy was kept. Patients were managed with symptomatic treatment and showed marked improvement in 6-month follow-up.</p>","PeriodicalId":8036,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Indian Academy of Neurology","volume":" ","pages":"599-601"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12393861/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143966721","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Uremic Peripheral Neuropathy in Nondiabetic Chronic Hemodialysis Patients.","authors":"Taoufiq Aatif, Narjiss Labioui, Hajjar Laasli, Yassir Zajjari, Driss El Kabbaj","doi":"10.4103/aian.aian_74_25","DOIUrl":"10.4103/aian.aian_74_25","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Abstract: </strong>Chronic kidney disease is a global public health problem. Emphasis has been placed on uremic peripheral neuropathy (PN) in nondiabetic chronic hemodialysis (HD) patients. This complication could affect the quality of life. We aimed to determine the prevalence and risk factors of PN. This was a cross-sectional study. Evaluation of PN was made by clinical examination and electroneuromyogram. The prevalence of PN was 30.3%. The most common symptoms were paresthesia and burning. Neuropathic pain was symmetrical in the majority of cases and localized to the lower limb (60%). All patients had axonal type PN. In univariate analysis, the risk factors for PN were advanced age ( P = 0.012), hypertension ( P = 0.007), ischemic heart disease ( P = 0.036), high C-reactive protein (microinflammation) ( P = 0.002), low urea reduction ratio ( P = 0.013), and high ß2 microglobulin ( P = 0.002). Since PN is common in nondiabetic chronic HD patients, it becomes necessary to diagnose it and correct its risk factors.</p>","PeriodicalId":8036,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Indian Academy of Neurology","volume":" ","pages":"590-593"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12393846/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144526214","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sugar-Coating or Zuckerguss Appearance on Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Leptomeningeal Carcinomatosis in a Patient with Acute Myeloid Leukemia.","authors":"Lisle Blackbourn, Elisa Yoo, Asma Zitouni, Usha Janapala","doi":"10.4103/aian.aian_1123_24","DOIUrl":"10.4103/aian.aian_1123_24","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8036,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Indian Academy of Neurology","volume":"28 4","pages":"594-595"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12393848/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144871089","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Endovascular Approach in Acute Ischemic Stroke Secondary to Bilateral Vertebral Artery Dissection.","authors":"Rajeev Goel, Vivek Gupta, Amit Shankar","doi":"10.4103/aian.aian_20_25","DOIUrl":"10.4103/aian.aian_20_25","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8036,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Indian Academy of Neurology","volume":" ","pages":"619-622"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12393851/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144265118","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Movement Disorders in CSF1R -Related Leukoencephalopathy: A Case Series.","authors":"Nitish Kamble, R S Harishma, Vikram V Holla, Shweta Prasad, Jitender Saini, Pramod K Pal","doi":"10.4103/aian.aian_51_25","DOIUrl":"10.4103/aian.aian_51_25","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Abstract: </strong>CSF1R -related leukoencephalopathy is a rare, dominantly inherited leukoencephalopathy caused by mutations in the CSF1R gene that codes for colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor. We describe the clinical and neuroimaging features in three genetically confirmed cases (two women) of CSF1R -related leukoencephalopathy. The age at onset ranged from 41 to 45 years. Cognitive and behavioral disturbances were seen in all patients, and one patient had epilepsy. The movement disorders included parkinsonism, freezing of gait, cerebellar ataxia, tremors, etc., Pyramidal signs were noted in two patients. Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain showed signal changes in the white matter. Whole-exome sequencing revealed mutation in the CSF1R gene, confirming the diagnosis. A combination of rapidly progressive cognitive and behavioral disturbances with involvement of pyramidal, extrapyramidal, and characteristic neuroimaging suggests diagnosis. Currently, the treatment is symptomatic as there is no specific treatment for the disease and a multidisciplinary team is required for managing these patients. Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation has shown to benefit a few patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":8036,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Indian Academy of Neurology","volume":" ","pages":"596-598"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12393857/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144274065","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Triad of Ophthalmoplegia, Facial Palsy, and Cerebellar Ataxia with \"Hot Cross Bun\" Associated with Autoimmune Thyroiditis.","authors":"Farsana Mustafa, K M Thrupthi, Ayush Agarwal, Ajay Garg, Shamim A Shamim, Achal K Srivastava, Divyani Garg","doi":"10.4103/aian.aian_17_25","DOIUrl":"10.4103/aian.aian_17_25","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8036,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Indian Academy of Neurology","volume":" ","pages":"602-604"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12393867/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144648390","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical, Imaging, and Atrial Cardiopathy Markers in Ischemic Stroke Subtypes - Clues to a Cardioembolic Source.","authors":"Sapna Erat Sreedharan, Kakarla Saikiran, S C Chandralekha, C A Athira, P N Sylaja, V T Jissa, Narayanan Namboodiri","doi":"10.4103/aian.aian_772_24","DOIUrl":"10.4103/aian.aian_772_24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and objectives: </strong>Cryptogenic strokes account for 20%-25% of all ischemic strokes. Although atrial cardiopathy markers are more prevalent in the cryptogenic embolic stroke of undetermined source (ESUS) subgroup than in the nonembolic stroke subgroup, the utility of individual parameters in predicting cardioembolic sources needs to be studied further. We studied the clinical, imaging, and atrial cardiopathy markers in three ischemic stroke subtypes - large artery atherosclerosis (LAA), cardioembolism (CE), and cryptogenic ESUS - and their role in predicting the source of CE.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This was a prospective observational study of ischemic stroke patients at Department of Neurology, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Trivandrum from April 2021 to December 2022. Clinical and risk factor profiles, imaging details, atrial cardiopathy marker (N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide [NT-pro-BNP]) levels, electrocardiogram (ECG) parameters (P terminal force of V1 [PTFV1], P wave duration, the PR interval), and transthoracic echo parameters (left atrial [LA] diameter and LA volume) were collected. Associations were made between clinical, imaging, and atrial cardiopathy markers and etiological subtypes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We had 255 participants (LAA- 98, CE- 41, and ESUS- 139) with a mean age of 63.53 years. Among the atrial cardiopathy markers, the most prevalent was elevated NT-pro-BNP (43.95%), followed by the ECG markers P wave duration (30.92%) and PTFV1 (28.74%), and LA diameter greater than 37 mm (24.27%) and LA volume greater than 34 ml/m 2 (20.31%). Among the atrial cardiopathy markers, NT-pro-BNP and LA enlargement were strongly predictive of CE etiology, when compared to LAA. Chronic non-lacunar infarcts on imaging and elevated NT-pro-BNP showed a strong association with CE, when compared to cryptogenic strokes.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The atrial cardiopathy biomarker NT-pro-BNP and chronic non-lacunar infarcts can serve as useful tools for recognizing cardioembolic sources among patients with embolic strokes.</p>","PeriodicalId":8036,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Indian Academy of Neurology","volume":" ","pages":"568-573"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12393849/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142963652","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neurotoxicity of Calcineurin Inhibitors.","authors":"Aleksander Bajon, Jędrzej Sikora, Michal Siwek, Julia Wiecanowska, Miłosz Miedziaszczyk, Ilona Idasiak-Piechocka, Anna Mania","doi":"10.4103/aian.aian_614_24","DOIUrl":"10.4103/aian.aian_614_24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Abstract: </strong>Cyclosporine and tacrolimus belong to the immunosuppressive drugs of the calcineurin inhibitors group. They are widely used in the treatment of patients after organ transplants. One of their complications is neurotoxicity, the mechanism of which is still not fully understood. The main risk factor for neurotoxicity is hypertension. The most common symptoms include muscle tremors, which are more common in the upper limbs, as well as migraine headaches and peripheral neuropathies. The diagnosis of neurotoxicity is based on imaging tests (magnetic resonance imaging being the most commonly used) and assessment of clinical symptoms. Preventive measures should be initiated as soon as possible to prevent permanent damage to the nerve tissue. The possible preventive methods include reduction of the dose of the administered drug, temporary or complete discontinuation of drugs, or conversion to another immunosuppressive drug. It is also essential to monitor the patient's condition, correct hypertension, electrolyte disturbances, and fight possible infections. So far, effective methods of preventing calcineurin inhibitor-induced neurotoxicity have not been demonstrated.</p>","PeriodicalId":8036,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Indian Academy of Neurology","volume":" ","pages":"505-511"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12393869/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143122028","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence of Restless Legs Syndrome in Patients Who Underwent Percutaneous Coronary Intervention in a Tertiary Care Hospital: A Cross-Sectional Study.","authors":"Anupama Gupta, Sriloy Mohanty, Varun Chhabra, Asmita Shukla, Partha Haldar, Rohit Bhatia, Gautam Sharma","doi":"10.4103/aian.aian_59_25","DOIUrl":"10.4103/aian.aian_59_25","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and objectives: </strong>Restless legs syndrome (RLS) is a risk for cardiovascular diseases and increases the risk of adverse cardiovascular outcomes following percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). We aimed to determine the prevalence of RLS and its associated factors among coronary artery disease (CAD) patients undergoing PCI.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This was a cross-sectional study conducted among CAD patients undergoing PCI at a tertiary care institute in India. All study participants underwent a detailed evaluation of RLS symptoms. Clinical and sleep evaluations were done through a prestructured questionnaire, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, Berlin Questionnaire, and Epworth Sleepiness Scale. RLS was diagnosed according to the International Classification of Sleep Disorders-3 rd edition. The symptoms and severity were characterized by using the All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS) RLS Questionnaire for Indian Patients and the International Restless Legs Syndrome Study Group (IRLSSG) rating scale.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of 116 post-PCI study participants, with a mean age of 51.9 ± 8.5 years and in whom males constituted 92.5%, 25 (21.6%, 95% confidence interval = 14-30) patients had RLS. The prevalence of RLS was significantly higher among those with poor sleep quality (27.5% vs. 8.33%, P = 0.02). Among patients with RLS, the mean (standard deviation [SD]) age of onset of symptoms was 48.5 (10.2) years, and its median (interquartile range) duration was 24 (8-42) months. Mean (SD) IRLSSG score was 17.2 ± 7.3. Four (16%) patients had mild RLS, 14 (56%) had moderate RLS, six (24%) had severe RLS, and one (4%) had very severe RLS.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>One in five patients with PCI had RLS. Identification and optimal treatment of RLS in these patients could improve their quality of life.</p>","PeriodicalId":8036,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Indian Academy of Neurology","volume":" ","pages":"535-540"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12393854/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144140993","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}