Annals of Indian Academy of Neurology最新文献

{"title":"Two Faces of RAPSN Mutation: Infantile Precipitous Onset Versus Adult Insidious Syndrome.","authors":"Neha Mishra, Sayli Bidkar, Tushar Raut, Sunita Iyer","doi":"10.4103/aian.aian_5_26","DOIUrl":"10.4103/aian.aian_5_26","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8036,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Indian Academy of Neurology","volume":" ","pages":"873-875"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149103163","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Neurologist's Guide to Deep Brain Stimulation in Parkinson's Disease.","authors":"Ranjot Kaur, Divya M Radhakrishnan, Roopa Rajan, Kanwaljeet Garg, Achal K Srivastava","doi":"10.4103/aian.aian_93_26","DOIUrl":"10.4103/aian.aian_93_26","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Abstract: </strong>Deep brain stimulation (DBS) has emerged as a cornerstone therapy for people with Parkinson's disease (PD) who experience motor fluctuations and dyskinesias refractory to optimized medical treatment. This narrative review provides a concise, clinically oriented overview of DBS tailored for neurologists, residents, and trainees involved in the evaluation and longitudinal management of advanced PD. The review discusses the evolution of DBS, contemporary patient selection criteria, approved stimulation targets, including the subthalamic nucleus, globus pallidus interna, and ventral intermediate nucleus of the thalamus, and the multidisciplinary presurgical workup. Practical aspects of surgery, device programming strategies, and expected clinical outcomes are highlighted, alongside an evidence-based discussion of risks, complications, and comparative effectiveness relative to other device-aided therapies. The central role of the neurologist, from early referral to long-term device management, is emphasized, as are recent advances such as directional leads, adaptive DBS, and sensing-enabled systems that are reshaping the therapeutic landscape. This review aims to equip neurologists with essential knowledge and decision-making tools to safely and effectively integrate DBS into clinical practice.</p>","PeriodicalId":8036,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Indian Academy of Neurology","volume":" ","pages":"712-722"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148787460","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thyroid Function and Cognitive Health in Older Adults: Insights from the LASI-DAD Study.","authors":"Parvathi Manoj, G Sandhya, Dwaiti Roy, Thomas G Issac","doi":"10.4103/aian.aian_33_26","DOIUrl":"10.4103/aian.aian_33_26","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8036,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Indian Academy of Neurology","volume":" ","pages":"883-885"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148300633","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Deficiency of Adenosine Deaminase 2 Presenting as Recurrent Stroke and Steroid-Responsive Hearing Loss in a Young Adult.","authors":"Tanushree Chawla, Ruchika Goel, Chanchal Goyal, Vinay Goyal","doi":"10.4103/aian.aian_128_26","DOIUrl":"10.4103/aian.aian_128_26","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8036,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Indian Academy of Neurology","volume":" ","pages":"892-895"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148863242","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Challenges in Tackling Seizures and Epilepsy in the Elderly: A Pragmatic Approach.","authors":"Lakshmi Priya Lalitha, Ashalatha Radhakrishnan","doi":"10.4103/aian.aian_254_26","DOIUrl":"10.4103/aian.aian_254_26","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8036,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Indian Academy of Neurology","volume":" ","pages":"732-735"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148962898","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effectiveness of Thymectomy in Alleviating Myasthenia Gravis Symptoms: A Two-Decade Multicenter Experience from Pakistan.","authors":"Muhammad S Nabi, Muhammad Naeem, Zeeshan Sarwar, Rafay Shamshad, Hassan Iftikhar","doi":"10.4103/aian.aian_263_26","DOIUrl":"10.4103/aian.aian_263_26","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and objectives: </strong>Thymectomy is an established therapeutic option for myasthenia gravis (MG), but long-term outcomes and predictors of remission from low- and middle-income countries remain limited. This study reports a 20-year, two-center experience evaluating surgical outcomes, neurological improvement, and prognostic factors following thymectomy.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A retrospective analysis was conducted on 455 patients with MG who underwent thymectomy between January 2005 and December 2024 at two tertiary centers in Lahore, Pakistan. Neurological outcomes were assessed using the Myasthenia Gravis Foundation of America Post-Intervention Status. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to identify predictors of favorable outcomes, defined as complete stable remission (CSR) or pharmacologic remission.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The mean age was 36.8 ± 13.1 years, with a female predominance (62.4%). Transsternal thymectomy was performed in 63.1% of patients and video-assisted thoracoscopic in 36.9%. Thymic hyperplasia was the most common pathology (55.2%), followed by thymoma (37.8%). At a mean follow-up of 74 ± 38 months, symptomatic improvement was achieved in 85.3% of patients. CSR and pharmacologic remission were observed in 31.2% and 24.6% of patients, respectively. Medication requirements declined significantly postoperatively ( P < 0.001). Five-year recurrence-free survival was 93.2%, and overall survival was 96.4%. Multivariate analysis identified shorter disease duration (<24 months) and non-thymomatous pathology as independent predictors of favorable neurological outcomes.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Thymectomy was associated with durable neurological improvement and a significant reduction in medication dependence among patients with MG. Early surgical intervention, particularly in patients with non-thymomatous disease, was associated with better long-term outcomes, while minimally invasive approaches offered comparable efficacy with reduced perioperative morbidity.</p>","PeriodicalId":8036,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Indian Academy of Neurology","volume":" ","pages":"756-762"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149179213","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fatigue in Parkinson's Disease: A Cross-Sectional Study of Prevalence and Clinical Correlates.","authors":"Pramod Khanda, Vikram V Holla, Nitish Kamble, Ravi Yadav, Pramod Pal, Rohan R Mahale","doi":"10.4103/aian.aian_117_26","DOIUrl":"10.4103/aian.aian_117_26","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and objectives: </strong>Fatigue is a non-motor symptoms (NMS) of Parkinson's disease (PD). The study aimed to determine the frequency and severity of fatigue, its predictors, and its impact on quality of life.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We included 150 patients with PD. The Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS) and the Parkinson Fatigue Scale-16 (PFS-16) were used to assess the presence and severity of fatigue.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The frequency of fatigue was 46%, predominantly of mild severity. The mean FSS score was 33.3 ± 10.3. Patients with fatigue were older, had a longer disease duration, received higher levodopa doses, and had greater motor and NMS severity. Anxiety and depression scores were higher, along with a greater frequency of excessive daytime sleepiness and sleep disturbances. Fatigue had a negative impact on quality of life. Multivariate analysis identified disease duration, motor severity, and depression as independent predictors of fatigue.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Fatigue is a frequent yet underrecognized NMS in PD. Nearly half of the patients experienced fatigue, mostly of mild severity, and it was associated with longer disease duration, greater disease severity, mood disturbances, sleep-related symptoms, and reduced quality of life.</p>","PeriodicalId":8036,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Indian Academy of Neurology","volume":" ","pages":"750-755"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148705249","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"STAC3 -Related Congenital Myopathy (CMYP13) in an Adult Indian Patient: Expanding the Geographic Spectrum to India.","authors":"Shamisha Khade, Satish Vasant Khadilkar, Jharna Mahajan","doi":"10.4103/aian.aian_134_26","DOIUrl":"10.4103/aian.aian_134_26","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8036,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Indian Academy of Neurology","volume":" ","pages":"879-880"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148350463","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Serum β2-Microglobulin and Stroke Risk and Outcomes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.","authors":"Divyam Goyal, Sulena Sulena, Suman Thakur, Vivek Malik, Swarndeep Singh, Nitika, Gali Divya","doi":"10.4103/aian.aian_27_26","DOIUrl":"10.4103/aian.aian_27_26","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and objectives: </strong>Serum β2-microglobulin (β2M) is implicated in immune activation, renal dysfunction, and neuroinflammation; however, its role across the spectrum of stroke risk and outcomes has not been systematically synthesized. The study aims to evaluate associations between serum β2M and stroke incidence, mortality, functional outcome, recurrence, and post-stroke cognitive impairment (PSCI).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>MEDLINE, Embase, and Web of Science were searched from inception to January 31, 2025 [Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) 2020; International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO: CRD42025642387)]. Observational studies reporting multivariable-adjusted associations between baseline serum β2M and stroke outcomes in adults (≥18 years) were included. Two reviewers independently performed study selection, data extraction, and quality assessment using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Given heterogeneity in study design, exposure definitions, and outcomes, narrative synthesis was prioritized; quantitative pooling was conducted where feasible and interpreted as exploratory.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Fifteen studies (n = 13,180, with possible overlapping cohorts) were included. Methodological quality was moderate to high. Elevated β2M showed directionally consistent associations with adverse outcomes. Evidence for stroke incidence was limited and heterogeneous; exploratory pooling of two studies yielded a non-significant association [odds ratio (OR) 2.29; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.96-5.47; I 2 = 73%] and should not be considered definitive. Two prospective cohorts reported consistent associations between higher β2M levels and poorer 3-month functional outcomes (pending external validation). Single-study findings suggested associations with stroke mortality, recurrence, and PSCI.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Serum β2M demonstrated directionally consistent associations with stroke risk and outcomes. However, current evidence is limited, heterogeneous, and vulnerable to confounding, especially by renal function. Serum β2M remains a candidate prognostic biomarker requiring prospective multicentre validation with standardized assays, adjustment for renal function, and formal discrimination analyses.</p>","PeriodicalId":8036,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Indian Academy of Neurology","volume":" ","pages":"704-711"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148598092","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cervical Arterial Dissection in Pantothenate Kinase-Associated Neurodegeneration with Severe Retrocollis: A Rare Association.","authors":"Pranathi Koppulu, Wasiq Mohammed, Prachi Mohapatra, Ekamjot Singh, Surojit Ruidas, Savyasachi Jain, Ayush Agarwal, Divyani Garg, Achal K Srivastava, Shailesh B Gaikwad","doi":"10.4103/aian.aian_21_26","DOIUrl":"10.4103/aian.aian_21_26","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8036,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Indian Academy of Neurology","volume":" ","pages":"895-897"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148786986","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}