Annals of Indian Academy of Neurology最新文献

{"title":"Sugar-Coating or Zuckerguss Appearance on Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Leptomeningeal Carcinomatosis in a Patient with Acute Myeloid Leukemia.","authors":"Lisle Blackbourn, Elisa Yoo, Asma Zitouni, Usha Janapala","doi":"10.4103/aian.aian_1123_24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/aian.aian_1123_24","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8036,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Indian Academy of Neurology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144854303","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of Small Nerve Fibers Using the Cutaneous Silent Period: Effect of Age and Gender.","authors":"Sarah M Kaddah, Lamia Afifi, Heba Raafat, Alshaimaa Sobhi Khalil","doi":"10.4103/aian.aian_165_25","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/aian.aian_165_25","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and objectives: </strong>Small fiber neuropathy cannot be detected using conventional nerve conduction studies. The use of the cutaneous silent period (CSP) could represent an effective non-invasive test in evaluating the small nerve fibers. The current work aimed to evaluate the CSP among healthy individuals across different decades and assess the effect of gender on CSP values.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>71 healthy volunteers with an age range of 20-60 years were included in this study. Several CSP parameters were measured, including CSP latencies and duration of the median, ulnar, and sural nerves.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We obtained the mean CSP parameters for the mentioned upper and lower limb nerves across different decades. Age had a significant impact on CSP latencies. Males showed longer latencies than females. No significant inter-side CSP difference was noted.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The CSP test is a non-invasive tolerable test and could serve as an important addition to routine electrophysiological examination. The age and gender significantly impact the CSP latency. The establishment of normative data and an understanding of the effects of age and gender is essential for proper employment.</p>","PeriodicalId":8036,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Indian Academy of Neurology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144854300","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pharmacotherapy in Early Parkinson's Disease: A Pragmatic Approach.","authors":"Sayooja Sachithanandan, Asish Vijayaraghavan, Reshma Venugopal, Divya Kalikavil Puthenveedu, Syam Krishnan","doi":"10.4103/aian.aian_676_25","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/aian.aian_676_25","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8036,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Indian Academy of Neurology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144871083","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diffuse Leukoencephalopathy and Ischemic Stroke in Hunter Syndrome: Interesting Case with Review of Literature.","authors":"Arushi G Saini, Kiran Anand, Parth Lal, Souraja Datta, Vikas Bhatia, Sumit Bhadu, Renu Suthar","doi":"10.4103/aian.aian_89_25","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/aian.aian_89_25","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8036,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Indian Academy of Neurology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144854301","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Signature Clinical Signs in Neurology.","authors":"Bhim Singhal","doi":"10.4103/aian.aian_700_25","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/aian.aian_700_25","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8036,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Indian Academy of Neurology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144854302","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Long-Term Effects of Deep Brain Stimulation on Non-Motor Symptoms in Patients with Parkinson's Disease.","authors":"Tanaya Mishra, Nitish Kamble, Ravi Yadav, Amitabh Bhattacharya, Vikram V Holla, Dwarakanath Srinivas, Pramod K Pal","doi":"10.4103/aian.aian_229_25","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/aian.aian_229_25","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and objectives: </strong>Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is an approved treatment modality for Parkinson's disease (PD) with significant improvement in motor symptoms. We aimed to study the long-term effects of DBS on non-motor symptoms (NMS) in patients with PD.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In our ambispective study, we included 36 PD patients who had undergone DBS at our institute. The demographic profile, clinical details, levodopa equivalent daily dose, motor severity scales (Unified PD Rating Scale, and Hoehn and Yahr scale), and nine non-motor scales were retrieved from the medical records department. The mean duration from time of DBS surgery to date of assessment was 51.78 ± 34.19 months. Based on this, patients were categorized into group I, whose duration from DBS surgery to date of assessment was ≤51.78 months, and Group II, with >51.78 months duration. Pre-DBS NMS scores were compared with post-DBS scores.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There were 20 patients in group I and 16 in Group II. In both groups, motor symptoms improved significantly after DBS that persisted even after 51.8 months. Significant improvement in various NMS was also observed, including daytime sleepiness, sleep quality, quality of life, depression, anxiety, and impulse control disorders (ICDs). In addition, DBS also had a favorable impact on various other non-motor symptoms such as mood, gastrointestinal, and miscellaneous domains of the Non-Motor Symptom Scale (NMSS).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>DBS, in addition to improving the motor symptoms, has long-term beneficial effects on several NMS. Thereby, it improves the quality of life in PD patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":8036,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Indian Academy of Neurology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144844250","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prognostic Value of Plasma Lysophosphatidic Acid and CD62P in the Outcome of Ischemic Stroke.","authors":"Sabeeha Naaz, Swarna Anupama, Thrilok Chander Bingi","doi":"10.4103/aian.aian_83_25","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/aian.aian_83_25","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and objectives: </strong>Stroke is the second leading cause of death worldwide, and only 10% of the patients can live their normal lives. As per the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016, the incidence of stroke in India is reported to be 1,175,778 (1 076 048 to 1,274,427) per 100000 person-years. A novel biochemical marker that can predict the stroke outcome can reduce morbidity, especially when thrombolysis cannot be done. Hence, the current study aims to study the role of plasma lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) and CD62P as prognostic markers for acute ischemic stroke.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This is a prospective observational study. Ninety-six patients who met the inclusion criteria were enrolled. The plasma LPA and CD62P levels were estimated using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and correlated with the Alberta stroke program early computed tomography score (ASPECTS) on CT brain and modified Rankin scale (mRS) at 90 days.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Age, sex, and other risk factors in the ischemic stroke patients did not have any impact on the levels of LPA and CD62P. Both LPA (P = 0.000) and CD62P (P = 0.005) showed a positive correlation with mRS after 90 days. The mean LPA was highest for mRS 5 and least for mRS 1, whereas the mean CD62P levels did not correlate with increasing mRS. The ASPECTS showed a significant negative correlation only with LPA.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>High LPS and CD62P levels after stroke onset tend to be associated with poor mRS scores at 90 days.</p>","PeriodicalId":8036,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Indian Academy of Neurology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144844251","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chronic Inflammatory Demyelinating Polyradiculoneuropathy: A Comparative Study of Magnetic Resonance Neurography and High-Resolution Nerve Ultrasound in the Assessment of Brachial Plexus.","authors":"S S Jayanth, Seena Vengalil, Dipti Baskar, Karthik Kulanthaivelu, Saraswati Nashi, Minu Tattvamasi, Jitender Saini, Sabha Ahmed, Atchayaram Nalini","doi":"10.4103/aian.aian_136_25","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/aian.aian_136_25","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and objectives: </strong>Magnetic resonance neurography (MRN) and high-resolution ultrasound (HRUS) are complementary diagnostic modalities in the diagnosis of chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy (CIDP). HRUS may be a cheaper bedside alternative to MRN. It is important to know their correlation with each other and with clinical severity and electrophysiology. There are no data on the normal cross-sectional area (CSA) of the brachial plexus in the Indian population. We undertook this study to establish a normative data of CSA of the brachial plexus for Indians, compare HRUS and MRN findings in CIDP, and correlate the findings with electrophysiological parameters.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A prospective, observational, cross-sectional study was done in the Department of Neurology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, India from February 2020 to February 2022. Twenty adult patients with CIDP underwent clinical and electrophysiological evaluation. Their MRN and ultrasound (USG) findings were compared to those of 20 age- and sex-matched healthy controls. Correlation between disease severity, electrophysiological parameters, MRN, and HRUS was done.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Controls had a median CSA of 0.06-0.07 cm2 for all 3 trunks of the brachial plexus, while CIDP patients had a median CSA of 0.11-0.14 cm2. There was a nonsignificant positive correlation between distal latency and CSA, and nonsignificant negative correlation with conduction velocity, amplitudes, and F-wave persistence. No significant correlation was seen between inflammatory neuropathy cause and treatment disability score and CSA. MRN and HRUS showed good correlation.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>MRN and HRUS show a significant increase in CSA in CIDP. HRUS may be a cheaper bedside alternative to MRN.</p>","PeriodicalId":8036,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Indian Academy of Neurology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144844188","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Barriers to Early Hospital Presentation in Acute Stroke: Findings from a Cohort Study.","authors":"Bindu Menon, Jyoti Conjeevaram, Sudarsana Amavarapu","doi":"10.4103/aian.aian_225_25","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/aian.aian_225_25","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and objectives: </strong>The time taken to transport patients for thrombolytic therapy in stroke cases remains alarmingly high, compromising potential positive outcomes. Addressing these delays can enhance prehospital care and improve patient prognoses.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>This study aimed to identify factors causing delays in treating acute stroke patients at a tertiary care hospital in southern India, to inform better practices and expedite care.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Caregivers of ischemic stroke patients were interviewed about delays. Patients were divided into two groups: those who arrived within the critical four-and-a-half-hour window (Group A) and those who arrived later (Group B). Data collected included distance from home to hospital, transportation options, and mode of transport. A comparative analysis was performed between patients from stroke-ready facilities versus others, with data analyzed using SPSS software.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The study included 594 patients, with 73.4% arriving outside the recommended window. Women represented one-third of the population overall and 20% in Group A. Younger patients arrived sooner (P < 0.0001). The main reason for delays was a lack of awareness of stroke symptoms (53.2%), followed by initial care sought at non-stroke-ready hospitals (23%). Use of ambulances and vehicle ownership significantly correlated with faster arrivals (P < 0.0001), while distance to the hospital did not significantly affect timeliness. Though most of the variables showed statistical significance between those coming to the hospital within and outside the four-and-a-half hour window with univariate analysis, none of the variables showed a significant association when subjected to logistic regression.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Delays in stroke treatment are a major concern, linked to factors like age, gender, and transportation issues. No single factor independently predicted early hospital arrival. To improve outcomes, we need strategies that enhance public education, symptom recognition, and transportation-especially for vulnerable groups like women and the elderly.</p>","PeriodicalId":8036,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Indian Academy of Neurology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144815667","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Rare Disease and a Novel Variant in an Indian patient with Cerebellar Ataxia: A Case of Gordon Holmes Syndrome.","authors":"V P Suhas, Ramya Sukrutha, Chandrajit Prasad, Gautham Arunachal, Rohan Mahale, Hansashree Padmanabha, Mathuranath Pavagada, Pooja Mailankody","doi":"10.4103/aian.aian_96_25","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/aian.aian_96_25","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8036,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Indian Academy of Neurology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144793307","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}