Animals最新文献

{"title":"Gut Microbiota Variation in Aging Dogs with Osteoarthritis.","authors":"Fatemeh Balouei, Christina de Rivera, Andrea Paradis, Bruno Stefanon, Stephanie Kelly, Noelle McCarthy, Paolo Mongillo","doi":"10.3390/ani15111619","DOIUrl":"10.3390/ani15111619","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Gut microbiota composition plays a crucial role in host health and may be influenced by age and disease conditions. This study investigates the gut microbiota diversity of 175 dogs across three age groups (Junior (20-46 months, 43 dogs), Adult (47-92 months, 58 dogs), and Senior (93-168 months, 74 dogs), and examined the impact of osteoarthritis on microbial composition. Alpha diversity analysis using the Shannon and Chao1 indices were significant (<i>p</i> < 0.05) in Senior dogs Beta diversity analysis based on Bray-Curtis dissimilarity indices demonstrated substantial overlap in gut microbiota composition across age groups, with no significant clustering observed (<i>p</i> > 0.05). A second analysis compared the microbiota of 69 healthy dogs and 81 dogs affected by osteoarthritis (OA) in the three classes of age. No significant differences were shown for alpha diversity and beta diversity between healthy and OA dogs. This indicates that aging and osteoarthritis do not induce significant shifts in microbial beta diversity, although high inter-individual variability was noted. Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA) Effect Size (LEfSe) analysis identified distinct bacterial taxa associated with different age groups. Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA) Effect Size (LEfSe) analysis identified distinct bacterial taxa associated with different age groups. Junior dogs exhibited enrichment in <i>Blautia</i>, Erysipelotrichaceae, and <i>Clostridium</i>, while Adult dogs were characterized by higher abundances of <i>Prevotella</i>, <i>Streptococcus</i>, and Ruminococcaceae. Senior dogs had increased representation of <i>Prevotella</i> and <i>Ruminococcus</i>. In OA dogs, <i>Peptococcus</i>, <i>Peptostreptococcus</i>, Clostridiaceae, and <i>Coprobacillus</i> were significantly enriched in comparison to healthy dogs, suggesting potential microbiota shifts associated with osteoarthritis. Overall, these findings indicate that gut microbiota diversity varies across different life stages, specific bacterial taxa were differentially enriched in relation to age and OA. This study enhances our understanding of gut microbiota dynamics in dogs and provides insights into potential age- and disease-related microbial signatures.</p>","PeriodicalId":7955,"journal":{"name":"Animals","volume":"15 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12153520/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144282099","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Postbiotic <i>Lactiplantibacillus plantarum</i> CECT 9161 Influences the Canine Oral Metagenome and Reduces Plaque Biofilm Formation.","authors":"Adrián Florit-Ruiz, Laura Rago, Antonia Rojas, Bellahanum Guzelkhanova, Adrià Pont-Beltran, Araceli Lamelas, María Carmen Solaz-Fuster, Juan F Martinez-Blanch, María Enrique López, Guillermo García-Lainez, Bob T Rosier, Richard Day, Teresa Rubio, Rhiannon Batchelor, Sophie L Nixon","doi":"10.3390/ani15111615","DOIUrl":"10.3390/ani15111615","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Periodontal diseases are highly prevalent in dogs and intricately interconnected with the composition and functional attributes of the oral microbiota. The demand for non-invasive interventions to support oral health presents an opportunity for functional ingredients. The novel postbiotic heat-treated (HT) <i>Lactiplantibacillus plantarum</i> CECT 9161 inhibited growth and biofilm formation of oral microorganisms in vitro. The in vitro growth of saliva-derived biofilms was also inhibited and revealed microbiome modulation. Two doses of the postbiotic (LOW: 5 mg dog/day, HIGH: 25 mg/dog/day) were assessed in a placebo-controlled, double-blinded, 57-day clinical trial involving 60 dogs. Associations were found between the postbiotic, reduced plaque formation, and modulation of the oral microbiome, including increased abundance of genes involved in denitrification, heme and catechol biosynthesis, and oxidative stress reduction. The results suggest that HT <i>Lactiplantibacillus plantarum</i> CECT 9161 may support oral health in dogs by modifying the microbiome of supragingival plaque and reducing plaque formation.</p>","PeriodicalId":7955,"journal":{"name":"Animals","volume":"15 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12153843/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144282170","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rumination Time, Reticulorumen Temperature, and Activity in Relation to Postpartum Health Status in Dairy Cows During Heat Stress.","authors":"Szilvia Szalai, Ákos Bodnár, Hedvig Fébel, Mikolt Bakony, Viktor Jurkovich","doi":"10.3390/ani15111616","DOIUrl":"10.3390/ani15111616","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Effective health management during the transition period depends on early disease detection, which can be achieved through continuous monitoring using precision livestock farming tools. This study assessed reticulorumen temperature, rumination time, and activity in dairy cows during the periparturient period under summer heat stress. We hypothesized differences in these parameters between healthy (HE) cows and those developing postpartum disorders (DI). Forty clinically healthy, multiparous cows were monitored from 5 days prepartum to 14 days after calving (days in milk; DIM). A cow was considered healthy and allocated to the HE group (<i>n</i> = 26) if she was not affected by any postpartum health disorders until the end of the study period. A cow was considered diseased and allocated to the DI group (<i>n</i> = 14) if she had been diagnosed with mastitis, metritis, lameness, or ketosis. Weather loggers recorded barn microclimate data, while rumination, activity, and rumen temperature were tracked using a microphone-based sensor in the neck collar (Ruminact HR) and rumen bolus (Smaxtec). THI values remained above 68 throughout the study, peaking at 80, indicating sustained heat stress. Rumen temperature ranged between 39 and 41 °C and moderately correlated with THI (correlation coefficient was 0.27; 95% CI: 0.20; 0.33; <i>p</i> < 0.0001). Both groups exhibited a nadir in rumen temperature at calving, with no differences. Rumination time declined prepartum, reaching its lowest at 2 DIM in DI cows. It was significantly affected by days around calving, postpartum disorders, and THI. Activity increased prepartum and normalized by 4 DIM in HE cows, while DI cows showed higher activity at 4 DIM, stabilizing by 5-7 DIM. These findings underscore the value of precision monitoring tools for early disease detection and intervention.</p>","PeriodicalId":7955,"journal":{"name":"Animals","volume":"15 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12153672/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144282183","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unlocking the Potential of Paper Mulberry Powder in Cherry Valley Ducks: Impacts on Growth, Serum Biochemistry, and Cecum Microbiome.","authors":"Yi Xiong, Chu Tang, Xuekai Wang, Yongsheng Wang, Fuyu Yang","doi":"10.3390/ani15111602","DOIUrl":"10.3390/ani15111602","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study investigates the effects of incorporating paper mulberry (<i>Broussonetia papyrifera</i> L.) powder into the diets of Cherry Valley ducks on growth performance, serum biochemistry, and the gut microbiome. A total of 350 14-day-old male Cherry Valley ducks were randomly assigned to five groups receiving diets with 0%, 4%, 6%, 8%, and 10% paper mulberry powder for 42 days. Growth performance, meat quality, serum immunity, and cecal microbial composition were assessed. The results showed no significant differences in average daily feed intake and feed conversion ratio among treatments, with the 6% paper mulberry group showing the highest average daily gain (79.73 g) (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Meat quality parameters, including color, drip loss, cooking loss, and shear force, were not significantly affected by paper mulberry powder supplementation, while the 8% paper mulberry group showed the highest pH₂₄ value (5.47) (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Serum biochemistry revealed increased total protein (G0, G4, G6, G8, and G10: 41.50, 44.47, 45.58, 45.67, and 45.85 g/L, respectively), albumin (G0, G4, G6, G8, and G10: 18.61, 19.56, 20.29, 20.2, and 20.39 g/L, respectively), total cholesterol (G0, G4, G6, G8, and G10: 5.31, 4.96, 5.37, 5.53, and 5.59 mmol/L, respectively), and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL) in ducks fed 6%, 8%, and 10% paper mulberry powder, with lower alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and total bilirubin (TBI) in the 8% and 10% groups (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Cecal microbial diversity was enhanced with paper mulberry powder, particularly in the 6% group, which showed increased Bacteroides abundance (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Supplementing duck diets with 6% paper mulberry powder increased average daily gain, without adversely affecting meat quality and health, suggesting its potential as a sustainable feed ingredient in the duck meat industry.</p>","PeriodicalId":7955,"journal":{"name":"Animals","volume":"15 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12153625/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144282201","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Patellar Shape Variation in Cats and Dogs: Implications for Orthopedic Surgical Planning.","authors":"Ebru Eravci Yalin, Yusuf Altundağ, Kemal Altunatmaz, Buket Çakar, Esra Acar, Edyta Pasicka, Ermiş Özkan, Ozan Gündemir, Mihaela-Claudia Spataru","doi":"10.3390/ani15111608","DOIUrl":"10.3390/ani15111608","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The patella plays a vital role in stifle joint function by contributing to limb extension and joint stabilization. While its clinical significance in small animal orthopedic surgery is well established, detailed comparative data on patellar morphology in domestic cats and dogs remain limited. This study aimed to investigate interspecific and intraspecific variation in patellar shape and size using three-dimensional geometric morphometric techniques. Computed tomography images of 18 cats and 55 dogs were used to construct 3D models, and a total of 14 anatomical landmarks were manually placed on each patella. Generalized Procrustes Analysis was applied, followed by principal component analysis to explore patterns of shape variation. The results revealed a significant difference in shape between cats and dogs, with dogs exhibiting broader variation and larger centroid sizes. Regression analysis indicated that 12.2% of the observed shape variation could be attributed to centroid size, reflecting the influence of patellar size. This strong link suggests that size has a significant influence on how the patella's shape varies, especially in dogs. These findings highlight the importance of individual variation in patellar morphology, particularly in dogs. A single standardized implant or surgical technique may not be appropriate for all cases. Integrating shape and size evaluations into preoperative imaging can help improve implant fit, joint stability, and overall surgical success. In the absence of breed-specific data, individualized planning remains the most reliable approach.</p>","PeriodicalId":7955,"journal":{"name":"Animals","volume":"15 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12153742/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144282162","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Case Report of Commercial Production from High Fecundity Livestock in a Pastoral Environment.","authors":"Leo James Cummins","doi":"10.3390/ani15111583","DOIUrl":"10.3390/ani15111583","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In the Australian primary industries, beef cows are recognized as monovular while sheep are less so, and both seem likely to benefit from increased litter sizes. In both species, there have been genetic developments causing increased litter sizes, but these have only had limited commercial application. This report describes the commercial use of the <i>FecB</i> (Booroola) gene in prime lamb ewes to increase lambing percentage from the 111% typical of the local industry to 145% in the flock described. In cattle, the use of the USMARC Twinner selection line genetics raised calf weaning percentage from the 89% typical of the local industry to 115% in the herds described.</p>","PeriodicalId":7955,"journal":{"name":"Animals","volume":"15 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12153554/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144282037","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Symmetry of Wild Boar Damage to Agricultural Crops: Results of over 20 Years of Damage Monitoring in Central Europe.","authors":"Paweł Nasiadka, Daniel Klich, Wanda Olech, Maria Sobczuk","doi":"10.3390/ani15111587","DOIUrl":"10.3390/ani15111587","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study analyzed 9871 cases of wild boar damage recorded over more than 20 years using a consistent methodology in a 5000-hectare area with minimal changes in crop structure. This allowed for a reliable assessment of seasonal damage dynamics. Wild boar exhibited seasonal feeding preferences: grasses in spring, cereals in summer, legumes in early autumn, and root crops in late autumn. A bimodal pattern of damage was identified, comprising three types. The <i>rare and severe</i> pattern occurred in spring when the wild boar population at its lowest size caused infrequent but highly damaging events, mainly in meadows. The <i>frequent and weak</i> pattern appeared in late summer and autumn when wild boar numbers were two to three times higher, leading to frequent but less severe damage. The <i>indirect</i> pattern was linked to lower field attractiveness in summer and winter. The high symmetry of damage observed suggests that an effective wild boar management strategy should account for not only damage reduction but also sanitary risks, such as ASF.</p>","PeriodicalId":7955,"journal":{"name":"Animals","volume":"15 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12153819/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144282198","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence of ESBL-Resistant Genes in Birds in Italy-A Comprehensive Review.","authors":"Muhammad Tahir Sarfraz Khan, Nicoletta Formenti, Giovanni Tosi, Flavia Guarneri, Federico Scali, Muhammad Kashif Saleemi, Eugenio Monti, Giovanni Loris Alborali","doi":"10.3390/ani15111598","DOIUrl":"10.3390/ani15111598","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a major global concern in both human and veterinary medicine. Among antimicrobial resistance (AMR) bacteria, Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamases (ESBLs) pose a serious health risk because infections can be difficult to treat. These Gram-negative bacteria can be frequently found in poultry and in Italy, where such protein production is established. ESBL-producing <i>Escherichia coli</i>, <i>Salmonella</i> and <i>Klebsiella</i> in chicken and turkey may pose a significant public health risk due to potential transmission between poultry and humans. This review aims to assess the prevalence of ESBL-producing <i>E. coli</i>, <i>Salmonella</i> and <i>Klebsiella</i> phenotypically and genotypically in Italian poultry, identifying the most common genes, detection methods and potential information gaps. An initial pool of 1462 studies found in scientific databases (Web of Sciences, PubMed, etc.) was screened and 29 were identified as eligible for our review. Of these studies, 79.3% investigated both phenotypic and genotypic ESBL expression while blaCTX-M, blaTEM and blaSHV were considered as targeted gene families. Large differences in prevalence were reported (0-100%). The blaCTX-M-1 and blaTEM-1 genes were the most prevalent in Italian territory. ESBL-producing <i>E. coli</i>, <i>Salmonella</i> and <i>Klebsiella</i> were frequently detected in farms and slaughterhouses, posing a potential threat to humans through contact (direct and indirect) with birds through handling, inhalation of infected dust, drinking contaminated water, ingestion of meat and meat products and the environment. Considering the frequent occurrence of ESBL-producing bacteria in Italian poultry, it is advisable to further improve biosecurity and to introduce more systematic surveillance. Additionally, the focus should be on the wild birds as they are ESBL carriers.</p>","PeriodicalId":7955,"journal":{"name":"Animals","volume":"15 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12153704/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144282173","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative Transcriptomic Analysis Between High- and Low-Growth-Rate Meat-Type Rabbits Reveals Key Pathways Associated with Muscle Development.","authors":"Chao Yang, Lingxi Zhu, Li Tang, Xiangyu Zhang, Min Lei, Xiaohong Xie, Cuixia Zhang, Dingsheng Yuan, Congyan Li, Ming Zhang","doi":"10.3390/ani15111585","DOIUrl":"10.3390/ani15111585","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Rabbit meat constitutes a high-protein, low-fat nutritional resource demonstrating rising consumption, particularly within the Asia-Pacific region. Consequently, muscle growth and developmental pattern in meat rabbits represent critical economic considerations. To elucidate the primary signaling pathways governing muscle development, we first performed comparative body weight analyses between two rabbit breeds exhibiting divergent growth rates: the fast-growing Checkered Giant (Ju) and slow-growing Sichuan Ma rabbit. Subsequent, post-natal qualities of thigh and <i>longissimus dorsi</i> muscle fiber were quantified across three developmental phases (28, 56, and 84 days post-natal). The results showed the body weight of Ju rabbit was significantly higher than that of Ma rabbit beyond 3 weeks post-natal (<i>p</i> < 0.05), while Ma rabbit exhibited larger muscle fiber areas in both tissues at 56 days (<i>p</i> < 0.05). The transcriptome analysis showed that 284 and 305 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) (|log2FC| > 1, padj < 0.05) were identified in thigh muscle and <i>longissimus dorsi</i> muscle, respectively. GO (Gene Ontology) analysis of DEGs indicated DEGs in the thigh muscle were enriched in these terms related to biological processes of muscle cell migration and smooth muscle cell migration, cellular components of sarcomere, myofibril, and actin filament bundle, while DEGs in <i>longissimus dorsi</i> muscle were enriched in these terms associated with biological processes of muscle cell migration, smooth muscle cell migration and muscle structure development, cellular component of actin cytoskeleton, contractile fiber, myofibril, myosin complex and molecular function of actin filament binding. Integrated GO, KEGG and PPI analyses of co-expressive DEGs implicated the HIF-1 signaling pathway and Glycolysis/Gluconeogenesis in muscular development. Different expression of energy metabolism hub-genes might be the primary reason for interbreed muscle developmental disparities.</p>","PeriodicalId":7955,"journal":{"name":"Animals","volume":"15 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12153524/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144282066","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of a Multiplex Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction Assay for the Detection of Duck Enteritis Virus, Goose Parvovirus, and Muscovy Duck Parvovirus.","authors":"Qian Qiu, Ruiming Hu, Zirui Liu, Linjie Yan, Fan Yang, Xueyan Dai, Chenghong Xing, Huabin Cao","doi":"10.3390/ani15111599","DOIUrl":"10.3390/ani15111599","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Duck enteritis virus (DEV), goose parvovirus (GPV), and muscovy duck parvovirus (MDPV) all have similar symptoms after infection, such as severe diarrhea, which seriously affects the healthy development of the waterfowl industry. Hence, it is important to devise a rapid and precise assay for the detection of these three viruses. In this study, a TaqMan probe-based multi-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) assay was developed and optimized. Three specific primers and probes were designed according to the conserved regions of UL6 of DEV, REP of GPV, and VP1 of MDPV, respectively. DEV demonstrated a detection limit of 11.6 copies, GPV detected a limit of 95 copies, and MDPV showcased a detection limit of 14.8 copies. The correlation coefficient is greater than 0.99, and the amplification efficiency is 89% to 93%. These results indicate that the multiplex qPCR assay has high sensitivity, specificity, and stability. Of the 215 clinical samples used in this study, 33 tested DEV positive, 25 tested GPV positive, and 24 tested MDPV positive. Overall, the assay established in the current study presents a rapid, efficient, specific, and sensitive tool for of detecting DEV, GPV, and MDPV.</p>","PeriodicalId":7955,"journal":{"name":"Animals","volume":"15 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12153826/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144282086","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}