Animals最新文献

{"title":"The Effects of a Small Dose of Tannin Supplementation on In Vitro Fermentation Characteristics of Different Forages.","authors":"Sytske de Jong, Fabiellen C Pereira, Alejandro R Castillo, Wilbert F Pellikaan, Pablo Gregorini","doi":"10.3390/ani15091269","DOIUrl":"10.3390/ani15091269","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Pastoral systems in New Zealand are under societal pressure due to their increasing negative environmental impact in terms of greenhouse gas emissions. This study was conducted to investigate the effects of supplementing a mixture containing hydrolysable and condensed tannins on the in vitro fermentation characteristics and gas production of three different forages, <i>Lolium perenne</i>, <i>Medicago sativa</i>, and <i>Plantago lanceolata</i>. Three fermentation runs of 48 h were conducted using the ANKOM gas production technique, with each pertaining to a particular forage with or without (control) tannin. Tannins were added to the fermentable substrate (i.e., forage) at a level of 0.3%. For each run, rumen fluid was collected from two fistulated Holstein Friesian × Jersey cows. The ANKOM RF gas production modules were used to monitor gas pressure and temperature every 5 min. At the end of each run, the pH of the fluid was measured, gas vials were taken for methane (CH₄) measurements and liquor samples were taken to measure volatile fatty acids (VFA) and NH₃ concentrations. The addition of tannins reduced the fractional rate of gas production for alfalfa (<i>p</i> ≤ 0.04) but increased it for ryegrass and plantain. There was a tendency for reduced gas production for ryegrass when tannins were added (<i>p</i> = 0.10). There was also a tendency for CH₄ production to reduce (<i>p</i> < 0.10) and N₂O to increase (<i>p</i> = 0.10) when tannins were added. Iso-butyrate tended to be lower for ryegrass control than to ryegrass with tannins (<i>p</i> = 0.08). Valerate concentration was lower for plantain control than to plantain with tannins. No effects were detected for gas composition (<i>p</i> > 0.05) or VFA concentrations (<i>p</i> > 0.05) when fermenting alfalfa. Under the condition of this study, these results may suggest that low-level tannin addition to the diet may affect rumen-fermentation pattern with a potential reduction of CH₄ production in Lolium perenne-based diets. Further research is required on the effect of low levels of tannin supplementation under ex vitro and in vivo conditions as tannin supplementation effects might be substrate-dependent.</p>","PeriodicalId":7955,"journal":{"name":"Animals","volume":"15 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12070850/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143966670","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Postpartal Relative Body Weight Change on Production Performance, Serum Biomarkers, and Fecal Microbiota in Multiparous Holstein Cows.","authors":"Siyuan Zhang, Yiming Xu, Tianyu Chen, Duo Gao, Jingjun Wang, Yimin Zhuang, Wen Jiang, Guobin Hou, Shuai Liu, Shengli Li, Wei Shao, Zhijun Cao","doi":"10.3390/ani15091252","DOIUrl":"10.3390/ani15091252","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study aimed to determine effects of postpartal relative body weight change (PRBWC) on production performance, serum biomarkers, and the relation between PRBWC and gastrointestinal microbiota. A total of 59 multiparous cows participated in this research. Every cow's PRBWC was calculated by the following equation: PRBWC = (BW₂₁ - BW₀)/BW₀ × 100%, in which BW₂₁ refers to body weight on Day 21 post-calving and BW₀ refers to body weight on the day of parturition. Among the 59 enrolled cows, cows with the top 21 ranked PRBWC values were categorized into the high PRBWC (H-PRBWC) group; cows with the bottom 21 ranked PRBWC values were categorized into the low PRBWC (L-PRBWC) group. PRBWC did not have significant influences on average daily milk yield (ADMY). However, on Day 21, cows in the H-PRBWC group displayed significantly higher body weight (BW) and body condition scores (BCS) (BW, <i>p</i> = 0.02; BCS, <i>p</i> < 0.01). Additionally, levels of serum glucose (GLU) and albumin (ALB) were significantly higher in the H-PRBWC group on Day 21 (GLU, <i>p</i> = 0.05; ALB, <i>p</i> < 0.01), while the lipopolysaccharide-binding protein (LBP) level was significant lower (<i>p</i> = 0.03). Moreover, the microbiota of fecal samples on Day 0 (FE0) differed notably between groups, as evidenced by various alpha diversity indices, including Shannon (<i>p</i> = 0.02), Simpson (<i>p</i> = 0.03), Pielou_e <i>(p</i> = 0.02), and principal coordinate analysis (<i>p</i> = 0.002). The relative abundances of <i>Monoglobus</i>, <i>norank_f__UCG-010</i>, and <i>Christensenellaceae_R-7_group</i> were significantly higher in the H-PRBWC group (<i>p</i> < 0.05), while the relative abundances of <i>Clostridium_sensu_stricto_1</i>, <i>Turicibacter</i>, and <i>Romboutsia</i> were significantly lower (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Pathways related to amino acid biosynthesis were significantly enriched in the FE0 of the H-PRBWC group, while pathways involved in carbohydrate metabolism were significantly upregulated in the FE0 of the L-PRBWC group. This study argues the potential of PRBWC to describe alteration of energy status in the postpartum, evidenced by production performance, serum biomarkers, and the fecal microbiota.</p>","PeriodicalId":7955,"journal":{"name":"Animals","volume":"15 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12071173/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143969185","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genome-Wide Association Study for Belly Traits in Canadian Commercial Crossbred Pigs.","authors":"Zohre Mozduri, Graham Plastow, Jack Dekkers, Kerry Houlahan, Robert Kemp, Manuel Juárez","doi":"10.3390/ani15091254","DOIUrl":"10.3390/ani15091254","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The improvement of carcass traits is a key focus in pig genetic breeding programs. To identify quantitative trait loci (QTLs) and genes linked to key carcass traits, we conducted a genome-wide association study (GWAS) using whole-genome sequencing data from 1118 commercial pigs (Duroc sires and Yorkshire/Landrace F1 dams). This study focused on six phenotypes: iodine value, belly firmness, belly side fat, total side thickness (belly SThK), belly subcutaneous fat (Subq), and belly seam. Phenotypes were measured using image analysis, DEXA, and fatty acid profiling, and genotyping was performed using low-pass sequencing (SkimSeq). After quality control, 18,911,793 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were retained for further analysis. A GWAS was conducted using a linear mixed model implemented in GCTA. Key findings include a significant QTL on SSC15 (110.83-112.23 Mb), which is associated with the iodine value, containing genes such as <i>COX15</i>, <i>CHUK</i>, <i>SCD</i>, and <i>HIF1AN</i>, which have known roles in fatty acid metabolism. Additionally, <i>PNKD</i>, <i>VIL1</i>, and <i>PRKAG3</i> (120.74-121.88 Mb on SSC15) were linked to belly firmness, influencing muscle structure and fat composition. Three QTLs for belly side fat were identified on SSC1, SSC2, and SSC3, highlighting genes like <i>SLC22A18</i>, <i>PHLDA2</i>, and <i>OSBPL5</i>, which regulate fat deposition and lipid metabolism. The results provide novel molecular markers that can be incorporated into selective breeding programs to improve pork quality, fat distribution, and meat composition. These findings enhance our understanding of the genetic mechanisms underlying carcass belly traits while offering tools to improve pork quality, optimize fat composition, and align with consumer preferences in the meat production industry.</p>","PeriodicalId":7955,"journal":{"name":"Animals","volume":"15 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12071171/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143956534","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Survey of the Professional Characteristics and Views of Dog Trainers in Canada.","authors":"Camila Cavalli, Nicole Fenwick","doi":"10.3390/ani15091255","DOIUrl":"10.3390/ani15091255","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Dog training is an unregulated profession in Canada without licensing or standardized practices, yet professional dog trainers greatly influence how guardians interact with their dogs and, by extension, dog welfare. We conducted an online survey to characterize the demographics, qualifications, services, methods, and views of dog trainers in Canada. Of the 706 valid respondents, most (65%) had completed at least one structured dog training program, while 33% were self-educated. Respondents held qualifications from 138 training programs and 39 exam-based certifications that differed in their curriculum, duration, and scope. We identified over 80 different themes or terms that trainers use to describe their practices, with the most frequent relating to reward-based methods. Most respondents also indicated that they would be unlikely to use aversive collars. These findings suggest that reward-based methods are likely the most prevalent in Canada. Two-thirds (62%) supported some regulation of dog training. The quantity and variety of training programs, certifications, and terminology utilized by dog trainers could present challenges for dog guardians in selecting trainers, and/or result in the use of harmful training methods. These findings can inform further development of best practices, educational programs, and advocacy to advance the use of humane training methods.</p>","PeriodicalId":7955,"journal":{"name":"Animals","volume":"15 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12070927/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143956745","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dietary Supplementation of <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> as Probiotic Influenced the Growth Performance, Hematological Parameters, Immune Function, Antioxidant Status, and Digestive Enzyme Activity of Nile Tilapia Fingerlings (<i>Oreochromis niloticus</i>).","authors":"Hairui Yu, Sadia Nazir, Farah Ijaz, Muhammad Umer Zahid, Maida Mushtaq, Muhammad Khan, Abdur Rahman, Muhammad Aziz Ur Rahman","doi":"10.3390/ani15091256","DOIUrl":"10.3390/ani15091256","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study evaluated the impact of <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> supplementation on growth, antioxidant status, digestive enzyme activities, hematological parameters, blood biochemistry, and immune responses in Nile tilapia (<i>Oreochromis niloticus</i>) fingerlings. A total of 180 fingerlings (mean weight: 5 ± 0.5 g) were randomly assigned to four groups: a control group and three probiotic-supplemented groups with 10⁶ (S-1), 10⁸ (S-2), and 10¹⁰ (S-3) CFU g^-1 of <i>B. subtilis</i>, following a completely randomized design. Fish were fed twice daily for eight weeks. Results showed that the 10¹⁰ CFU g^-1 group exhibited significantly higher weight gain (43 g), specific growth rate (2.5%/day), and better feed conversion ratio (0.7) compared to the control (30 g, 2.2%/day, and 1.4, respectively). Hematological parameters (WBC, RBC, hemoglobin) and immune responses (phagocytic activity, lysozyme) were significantly improved. Blood biochemistry showed decreased ALT/AST levels and increased ALP activity. Digestive enzymes (protease, lipase, amylase) and antioxidant activity (GPx, CAT, SOD) were enhanced, with reduced MDA levels. No significant differences were observed in survival rates or stress responses. These findings suggest that <i>B. subtilis</i> supplementation at 10¹⁰ CFU g^-1 improves growth, immune function, and antioxidant status, making it a promising probiotic for Nile tilapia.</p>","PeriodicalId":7955,"journal":{"name":"Animals","volume":"15 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12071117/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143972462","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genetic Parameter Estimation of Body Weight and <i>Vp</i>_AHPND Resistance in Two Strains of <i>Penaeus vannamei</i>.","authors":"Guixian Huang, Jie Kong, Jiteng Tian, Sheng Luan, Mianyu Liu, Kun Luo, Jian Tan, Jiawang Cao, Ping Dai, Guangfeng Qiang, Qun Xing, Juan Sui, Xianhong Meng","doi":"10.3390/ani15091266","DOIUrl":"10.3390/ani15091266","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study evaluated the genetic parameters for growth and <i>Vibrio parahaemolyticus</i> (<i>Vp</i>_AHPND) resistance in both the introduced MK strain and the self-constructed GK strain of <i>Penaeus vannamei</i>, investigating the impact of genotyped female parents on trait estimates under a single-parent nested mating design. A total of 32 families from the MK strain and 44 families from the GK strain were analyzed. Fifty-four female parents from both strains were genotyped using the \"Yellow Sea Chip No. 1\" containing 10.0 K SNPs. In the MK strain, heritability estimates ranged from 0.439 to 0.458 for body weight (Bw) and from 0.308 to 0.489 for survival time (ST) and survival rates at 36 h (36 SR), 50% mortality (SS₅₀), and 60 h (60 SR). In the GK strain, heritability for Bw ranged from 0.724 to 0.726, while ST, 36 SR, SS₅₀, and 60 SR had heritability estimates between 0.370 and 0.593. Genetic correlations between Bw and ST were 0.601 to 0.622 in the MK strain and 0.742 to 0.744 in the GK strain. For Bw and survival rates, correlations ranged from 0.120 to 0.547 in the MK strain and from 0.426 to 0.906 in the GK strain. The genetic correlation between ST and survival rates was not significantly different from 1 (<i>p</i> > 0.05) in both strains. High Pearson correlations (0.853 to 0.997, <i>p</i> < 0.01) were observed among survival rates at different points. Predictive accuracies for Bw, ST, and survival rates using single-step genomic best linear unbiased prediction (ssGBLUP) were comparable to pedigree-based best linear unbiased prediction (pBLUP) in the MK strain, while in the GK strain, ssGBLUP improved predictive accuracies for Bw, ST, and SS₅₀ by 0.20%, 0.32%, and 0.38%, respectively. The results indicate that both growth and <i>Vp</i>_AHPND resistance have significant breeding potential. Although the genetic correlation between weight and resistance varies across different populations, there is a positive genetic correlation between these traits, supporting the feasibility of multi-trait selection. To enhance genetic accuracy, breeding programs should include more genotyped progeny. These findings also suggest that infection frequency and observation time influence resistance performance and breeding selection, emphasizing the need for a tailored resistance evaluation program to improve breeding efficiency and reduce costs.</p>","PeriodicalId":7955,"journal":{"name":"Animals","volume":"15 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12071123/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143956716","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sublittoral Macrobenthic Communities of Storfjord (Eastern Svalbard) and Factors Influencing Their Distribution and Structure.","authors":"Lyudmila V Pavlova, Alexander G Dvoretsky, Alexander A Frolov, Olga L Zimina, Olga Yu Evseeva, Dinara R Dikaeva, Zinaida Yu Rumyantseva, Ninel N Panteleeva, Evgeniy A Garbul","doi":"10.3390/ani15091261","DOIUrl":"10.3390/ani15091261","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Seafloor communities along the eastern Svalbard coast remain poorly studied. To address this gap, we sampled benthic organisms on the soft sediments of Storfjord in 2017 and 2019, a large fjord predominantly influenced by cold Arctic waters, to study the local fauna and identify the key environmental drivers shaping community structure. In total, 314 taxa were recorded, with an increase in abundance (from 3923 to 8977 ind. m^-2, mean 6090 ind. m^-2) and a decline in biomass (ranging from 265 to 104 g m^-2, mean 188 g m^-2) toward the outer part of the fjord. However, no clear spatial trends were observed for alpha diversity (approximately 100 species per 0.3 m²) or the Shannon index (mean 3 per station). The primary factors influencing benthic abundance were the duration of the ice-free period (IFP) and the degree of siltation (DS), both of which are proxies for trophic conditions. The prevailing taxa displayed a high tolerance to temperature fluctuations and seasonal variability in nutrient inputs. Benthic biomass showed a negative relationship with IFP, DS, and water depth, but it was positively correlated with the proportion of fine-grained sediment. The <i>Yoldia hyperborea</i> community (mean abundance: 3700 ind. m^-2, mean biomass: 227 g m^-2) was associated with Arctic waters characterized by higher inorganic suspension loads. In contrast, areas with reduced or weaker sedimentation were dominated by the communities of <i>Maldane sarsi</i> (6212 ind m^-2, 226 g m^-2) and <i>Maldane sarsi</i> + Nemertini g.sp. (5568 ind m^-2, 165 g m^-2). The <i>Spiochaetopterus typicus</i> community (7824 ind m^-2, 139 g m^-2) was observed in areas under moderate influence of Atlantic waters, characterized by low sedimentation rates and increased fresh detritus flux.</p>","PeriodicalId":7955,"journal":{"name":"Animals","volume":"15 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12070862/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143966483","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Repairing Qinling Giant Panda Skin Wounds Using Adipose Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles.","authors":"Suhua Gong, Hongyu Niu, Yanni Jia, Mengjie Liu, Xiaoyu Ren, Danhui Zhang, Jiena Shen, Chuangxue Yang, Yinghu Lei, Pengpeng Zhao, Pengfei Lin","doi":"10.3390/ani15091270","DOIUrl":"10.3390/ani15091270","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The Qinling giant panda has a high susceptibility to skin damage, which affects its survival. Although their healing efficacy in panda injuries remains unexplored, extracellular vesicles from adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADMSC-EVs) have shown promise in regenerative medicine. In this study, ADMSC-EVs were successfully obtained from Qinling giant pandas using ultracentrifugation, and proteomic techniques were used to analyze their composition and function. Primary skin fibroblasts from Qinling giant pandas were isolated and cultured to explore the effects of ADMSC-EVs on cell proliferation and migration. Additionally, a mouse model of skin injury was used to assess their wound healing effects. The ADMSC-EVs contained various substances, particularly proteins, with fifty unique proteins involved in transport, catabolism, and signal transduction identified. The application of ADMSC-EVs in a mouse model accelerated wound healing and promoted the regeneration of the epidermal and dermal layers. It facilitated the repair of skin appendages, including hair follicles and sebaceous glands. Additionally, ADMSC-EVs enhanced collagen deposition, stimulated angiogenesis, and reduced inflammation. Our findings confirm that ADMSC-EVs significantly improve skin healing, thus supporting the theoretical framework for the clinical use of giant panda extracellular vesicles and underscoring their potential for preserving the genetic resources of the Qinling giant panda.</p>","PeriodicalId":7955,"journal":{"name":"Animals","volume":"15 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12070915/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143959676","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Redox Metabolism During Aerial Exposure of the Sea Urchin <i>Echinometra lucunter</i>: An Ecophysiological Perspective.","authors":"Tatiana M Pereira, Marina Minari, Juan Manuel Carvajalino-Fernández, Daniel C Moreira, Marcelo Hermes-Lima","doi":"10.3390/ani15091251","DOIUrl":"10.3390/ani15091251","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Intertidal organisms experience daily environmental fluctuations, including changes in temperature, UV radiation, and aerial exposure during low tide, requiring physiological strategies for survival. One adaptation is the \"preparation for oxidative stress\" (POS), where antioxidants are upregulated preemptively to mitigate oxidative damage. While POS has been documented in over 120 species, in the case of intertidal species, most studies focus on single stressors under controlled-laboratory conditions. This study investigated POS in the sea urchin <i>Echinometra lucunter</i> under natural multi-stress conditions. Sampling occurred over a single day (from 5 a.m. to noon), analyzing three conditions: submerged (S), aerially exposed for 2 h (AE), and reimmersed for 2 h (R). There was a ~4 °C temperature increase in the AE group compared to the S group, with a peak of solar radiation during reoxygenation. Antioxidant enzyme activity-catalase, glutathione transferase (GST), and superoxide dismutase (SOD)-and lipid peroxidation (TBARS) were assessed in gonad and intestine tissues. GST activity increased by fourfold in the intestines of AE individuals, while TBARS was elevated in gonads, where no antioxidant upregulation happened. These results suggest that the POS-response (increase in GST) was triggered by the interaction of temperature and aerial exposure. This research emphasizes the critical importance of field studies in understanding complex, natural multi-stressor environments.</p>","PeriodicalId":7955,"journal":{"name":"Animals","volume":"15 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12070949/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143954238","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Computed Tomographic Features of Bezoars and Other Gastrointestinal Foreign Bodies in Dogs and Cats: A Comparative Analysis.","authors":"Jongwon Koo, Kidong Eom, Jaehwan Kim, Jeongyun Jeong, Hongji Yoon, Minsu Lee, Jinsoo Park, Jongmun Cho","doi":"10.3390/ani15091260","DOIUrl":"10.3390/ani15091260","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study presents a comparative analysis of the computed tomographic (CT), radiographic, and ultrasonographic (US) characteristics of gastrointestinal foreign bodies, including bezoars, in dogs and cats, and evaluates their association with complications and clinical outcomes. A total of 33 cases (26 dogs, 7 cats) with surgically or endoscopically confirmed foreign bodies were reviewed, classified as bezoars (<i>n</i> = 15) or distinct foreign bodies (<i>n</i> = 18). CT features such as attenuation values, transition zones, and proximal-to-distal small intestinal diameter ratios were compared. Bezoars typically appeared as intraluminal masses with mottled gas patterns and indistinct boundaries (33.3% vs. 94.4%, <i>p</i> < 0.001) and were associated with longer clinical signs (median 14 vs. 5.5 days, <i>p</i> = 0.013), more frequent transition zones (92.3% vs. 41.7%, <i>p</i> = 0.011), and a greater diameter ratio (2.9 vs. 1.25, <i>p</i> = 0.012) across the transition zone. Radiographic and US evaluations were available in six bezoar cases; only one radiograph (17%) detected the bezoar, while US showed acoustic shadowing in four cases (67%). Six patients (18%) experienced adverse outcomes, with bowel wall ruptures significantly associated with poor prognosis (<i>p</i> < 0.001). These findings highlight the superior diagnostic performance of CT, particularly for bezoars, and emphasize the importance of identifying transition zones and bowel diameter ratios in assessing gastrointestinal foreign bodies and their associated risks. Early CT evaluation may thus facilitate timely intervention and improve clinical outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":7955,"journal":{"name":"Animals","volume":"15 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12071077/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143967594","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}