Animals最新文献

{"title":"Genomic Selection for Early Growth Traits in Inner Mongolian Cashmere Goats Using ABLUP, GBLUP, and ssGBLUP Methods.","authors":"Tao Zhang, Linyu Gao, Bohan Zhou, Qi Xu, Yifan Liu, Jinquan Li, Qi Lv, Yanjun Zhang, Ruijun Wang, Rui Su, Zhiying Wang","doi":"10.3390/ani15121733","DOIUrl":"10.3390/ani15121733","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study aimed to identify the best model and method for the genomic selection of early growth traits in Inner Mongolian cashmere goats (IMCGs). Using data from 50,728 SNPs, the phenotypes (birth weight, BW; weaning weight, WW; daily weight gain, DWG; and yearling weight, YW) of 2256 individuals, and pedigree information from 14,165 individuals, fixed effects were analyzed using a generalized linear model. Four single-trait animal models with varying combinations of individual and maternal effects were evaluated using the ABLUP, GBLUP, and ssGBLUP methods. The best model was selected based on a likelihood ratio test. Five-fold cross-validation was used to assess the accuracy and reliability of the genomic estimated breeding values (GEBVs). Birth year and herd significantly affected BW (<i>p</i> < 0.05) and WW, DWG, and YW (<i>p</i> < 0.01), while sex, birth type, and dam age had highly significant effects on all traits (<i>p</i> < 0.01). Model 4, incorporating direct and maternal additive genetic effects, maternal environmental effects, and their covariance, was optimal. Additionally, ssGBLUP achieved the highest GEBV accuracy (0.61-0.70), outperforming the GBLUP and ABLUP methods. Thus, ssGBLUP is recommended for enhancing the genetic progress in IMCGs. Under the best method, the heritability estimates for BW, WW, DGW, and YW were 0.11, 0.25, 0.15, and 0.23, respectively.</p>","PeriodicalId":7955,"journal":{"name":"Animals","volume":"15 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12189984/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144493490","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparing Morphometric and Mitochondrial DNA Data from Honeybees and Honey Samples for Identifying <i>Apis mellifera ligustica</i> Subspecies at the Colony Level.","authors":"Valeria Taurisano, Anisa Ribani, Valerio Joe Utzeri, Dalal Sami, Kate Elise Nelson Johnson, Giovanni Formato, Marcella Milito, Giuseppina Schiavo, Samuele Bovo, Francesca Bertolini, Luca Fontanesi","doi":"10.3390/ani15121743","DOIUrl":"10.3390/ani15121743","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The ability to differentiate between different <i>Apis mellifera</i> subspecies can have significant implications for their conservation. In this study, we explored the possibility of obtaining multi-level information that could be useful in assigning a colony to the <i>A. m. ligustica</i> subspecies. This was accomplished by combining (1) standard morphometric characteristics of the honeybees with mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) sequence data obtained from both the (2) honeybees and (3) honey present in a honeycomb sampled from the same colony. Eighty colonies were sampled in the Emilia-Romagna region (Northern Italy). From these colonies, a total of 413 honeybees were analyzed to obtain sequence information of the tRNALeu-COII mtDNA region. When we combined the results obtained from all three methods, 63.75% of the colonies were found to be compatible with being assigned to <i>A. m. ligustica</i>. For 36.25% of the colonies, morphometric analysis indicated a hybrid origin and mtDNA from honeybees or honey samples indicated the presence of mtDNA haplotypes other than those characteristic for this subspecies. Cohen's Kappa statistic indicated poor agreement in the classification of the colonies between morphometric analysis and the two DNA-based methods, which, in turn, were in substantial agreement with each other. Although not completely effective, mtDNA analysis of honey samples could serve as an initial and practical compromise to begin initiatives aimed at preserving the genetic integrity of <i>A. m. ligustica</i> in the Emilia-Romagna region, as well as in other regions where it is necessary to preserve the genetic integrity of autochthonous honeybee populations.</p>","PeriodicalId":7955,"journal":{"name":"Animals","volume":"15 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12189643/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144493518","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Determinants of Pet-Friendly Tourism Behavior: An Empirical Analysis from Chile.","authors":"Iván Veas-González, Manuel Escobar-Farfán, Nelson Carrión-Bósquez, Jorge Bernal-Peralta, Elizabeth Emperatriz García-Salirrosas, Sofía Romero-Contreras, Camila Díaz-Díaz","doi":"10.3390/ani15121741","DOIUrl":"10.3390/ani15121741","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Pet tourism has experienced significant growth in recent years, reflecting changes in the perception of pets as family members. This research examines the factors influencing attitude, travel intention, and payment intention in pet tourism in Chile, specifically analyzing the role of emotional attachment, perceived benefits, prestige, and novelty. Using a quantitative methodology, data were collected through an online survey of pet owners in Chile. The results reveal that perceived benefits and novelty positively influence attitudes toward traveling with pets, while prestige and perceived benefits directly impact travel intention. Surprisingly, emotional attachment did not show a significant influence, which contrasts with previous studies in other cultural contexts. This research also confirms that attitude and travel intention are relevant predictors of willingness to pay more for pet-friendly tourism services. These findings contribute to the literature on pet tourism in Latin America and provide practical implications for developing tourism services tailored to the Chilean market. This study concludes that marketing strategies in the tourism sector should emphasize tangible benefits and novel elements rather than emotional aspects to attract this growing market segment.</p>","PeriodicalId":7955,"journal":{"name":"Animals","volume":"15 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12189899/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144493534","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effects of Pretreated and Fermented Corn Stalks on Growth Performance, Nutrient Digestion, Intestinal Structure and Function, and Immune Function in New Zealand Rabbits.","authors":"Xuying Jia, Yaohao Dun, Guoqi Xiang, Shuai Wang, Heng Zhang, Wen Zhou, Yingjun Li, Yunxiang Liang","doi":"10.3390/ani15121737","DOIUrl":"10.3390/ani15121737","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study investigates the efficacy of fermented corn straw as a viable corn substitute in rabbit diets, evaluating its impact on growth performance, intestinal health, cecal microbiota, and metabolite profiles to determine its potential for addressing corn shortages in animal husbandry. Over 35 days, 120 New Zealand rabbits were assigned to four treatments: (i) 12% corn (C100), (ii) 6% corn + 6% fermented straw (FS50), (iii) 12% fermented straw (FS100), and (iv) 6% corn + 6% dry straw (DS50). Fermented straw enhanced the rabbits' average daily feed intake (ADI) and average daily gain (ADG) and elevated cecal cellulase activity. It also downregulated <i>TLR4</i> in the jejunum mucosa, upregulated MUC2 in the ileum mucosa, strengthened the intestinal barrier, and reduced the diarrhea index and incidence in weaned rabbits. Specific microbial families influenced amino acid and phospholipid concentrations, altering the cecal metabolic environment. In summary, replacing corn with fermented corn straw in rabbit diets significantly boosts ADG and ADI, potentially lowers the feed-to-gain ratio, and enhances cecal microbiota and metabolite profiles without compromising growth performance.</p>","PeriodicalId":7955,"journal":{"name":"Animals","volume":"15 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12189150/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144493621","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Skin Photophores of <i>Chauliodus sloani</i> Bloch & Schneider, 1801 (Pisces: Stomiidae): A Morphological, Ultrastructural and Immunohistochemical Study.","authors":"Mauro Cavallaro, Lidia Pansera, Kamel Mhalhel, Francesco Abbate, Maria Levanti, Maria Cristina Guerrera, Giuseppe Montalbano, Marilena Briglia, Marialuisa Aragona, Rosaria Laurà","doi":"10.3390/ani15121738","DOIUrl":"10.3390/ani15121738","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This work provides a contribution to the understanding of the structure of the photophores in the mesopelagic fish <i>Chauliodus sloani</i> (family Stomiidae), which occasionally are stranded along the coasts of the Strait of Messina (Central Mediterranean Sea). The analysis was carried out through the study of the structure and ultrastructure of the ventral photophores, and it also includes an immunohistochemical investigation that offers valuable insights into the function of these organs. Studies on photophores help clarify many aspects of the ecology of this species, which represents an important functional link in the marine food web.</p>","PeriodicalId":7955,"journal":{"name":"Animals","volume":"15 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12190095/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144493627","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Changes of CB1 Receptor Expression in Tissues of Cocaine-Exposed Eels.","authors":"Lorenzo Riccio, Teresa Chianese, Aldo Mileo, Sabrina Balsamo, Rosaria Sciarrillo, Roberta Gatta, Luigi Rosati, Maria De Falco, Anna Capaldo","doi":"10.3390/ani15121734","DOIUrl":"10.3390/ani15121734","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Previous studies performed on the European eel <i>Anguilla anguilla</i> showed changes in the morphology and physiology of several tissues after exposure to environmental cocaine concentrations. To better understand the model through which cocaine produced its effects on these tissues, we investigated whether there were alterations in the expression of cannabinoid CB1 receptor (CB1R). Indeed, the endocannabinoid system, and CB1R, regulate neurotransmission, neurodevelopment, embryonic development, reproduction, and the activity of the gastrointestinal system. CB1R has been detected in nervous and peripheral tissues in mammals, and orthologues of the mammalian CB1R are found throughout vertebrates including chicken, turtle, frog, and fish. Therefore, samples of gut, kidney, ovary, muscle, liver, skin, and gills from cocaine-exposed and non-exposed eels were processed for routine histology. Immunohistochemical analysis was carried out to evaluate the immunolocalization of the CB1R. Our results showed for the first time (1) the presence of CB1R in the peripheral tissues of the eel, and (2) statistically significant differences in the localization of CB1R in the gut, kidney, ovary, muscle, and liver of the eels exposed to cocaine, compared to controls. These results demonstrate the involvement of CB1R in cocaine effects and suggest its potential role as a biomarker of tissue alteration.</p>","PeriodicalId":7955,"journal":{"name":"Animals","volume":"15 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12189460/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144493513","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diversity and Composition of Gut Microbiota in Different Developmental Stages of the Tibetan Toad (<i>Bufo tibetanus</i>).","authors":"Kaiqin He, Cong Han, Chenyang Liu, Lixia Zhang","doi":"10.3390/ani15121742","DOIUrl":"10.3390/ani15121742","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The intestinal microbiota is vital for host immunity and metabolism, and its changes are associated with the development stage of hosts. However, little is known regarding how growth and development of anurans affect the diversity of their microbiota, which has a complex life cycle. The Tibetan toad (<i>Bufo tibetanus</i>) is a wild population in the high-altitude area of southwest China, which has special adaptability to the environment. Here, the microbial community of the Tibetan toad at six developmental stages (from the tadpole at Gosner stage 18 to the 8-year-old adult) was assessed using high-throughput 16S rRNA sequencing. The alpha diversity index analysis showed that the Chao, Ace, and Shannon indices were highest at Gosner stage 32 and decreased as development progressed, and their alpha diversity remained unchanged over time in adult stages. Beta diversity revealed that the gut microbiota structure differed significantly from Gosner stages 18 to 31, and it became similar to adult toads from Gosner stages 45 to 46 and in juvenile groups. At the phylum level, Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, and Actinobacteria were dominant phyla in tadpoles and adults. The relative abundance of Firmicutes and Proteobacteria in the adult group was significantly higher and lower than that of tadpoles, respectively. The linear discriminant analysis effect size (LEfSe) analysis identified seven phyla exhibiting significant differences during life stages: Verrucomicrobiota, Bacteroidota, and Proteobacteria (Gosner 18 to 31), Cyanobateria and Chloroflexi (Gosner 32 to 41), Actinobacteriota (Gosner 45 to 46), Desulfobacterota (juvenile group), and Firmicutes (adult group). A pathway enrichment analysis revealed that the metabolism and biosynthesis of secondary metabolites were significantly enriched across all developmental stages. This research unveiled variations in the intestinal microbiota composition during development in anurans. Factors such as developmental stage, habitat type and feeding habit jointly affected the gut microbial diversity and community composition in the Tibetan toad. The findings of this study can provide information for understanding the influence of historical developments on the intestinal microbiota and provide protection information for anurans.</p>","PeriodicalId":7955,"journal":{"name":"Animals","volume":"15 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12189836/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144493537","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing the Impacts of Dairy Farm Antimicrobial Use on the Bovine Fecal Microbiome.","authors":"Andrew J Steinberger, Juliana Leite de Campos, Ashley E Kates, Tony L Goldberg, Pamela L Ruegg, Nasia Safdar, Ajay K Sethi, John M Shutske, Garret Suen","doi":"10.3390/ani15121735","DOIUrl":"10.3390/ani15121735","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Rising rates of antimicrobial-resistant infections have prompted increased scrutiny on antimicrobial use (AMU) in livestock agriculture. Dairy farms primarily use antimicrobials to maintain animal health and welfare by treating and preventing infectious diseases. However, the impact of dairy farm AMU practices on the cattle fecal microbiome remains largely unclear, partly due to difficulties in quantifying AMU. This study leveraged quantitative AMU data from 40 large commercial dairy farms to identify farms with low (n = 4) and high (n = 4) AMU. Using 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing, we compared the fecal bacterial communities of dairy calves and cows (healthy, cull, sick) by both AMU designation (high/low) and by individual farm AMU, summarized by animal defined daily dose (DDD) and mg/kg. We found significant differences in beta-diversity between cattle from high- and low-AMU groups using either method and found that <i>Corynebacterium</i> and <i>Clostridium</i> abundances increased with farm AMU. Additionally, we found fecal bacterial communities differed across farms within high- and low-AMU groupings, highlighting the need to account for farm-to-farm variation when assessing AMU impacts. These findings suggest that dairy farm AMU influences the fecal microbiome and identifies specific taxa that warrant further investigation as potential reservoirs for antimicrobial resistance genes.</p>","PeriodicalId":7955,"journal":{"name":"Animals","volume":"15 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12189718/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144493501","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of Delivery Method on Serum Cortisol Levels and Neonatal Outcomes in Canine Cesarean Sections.","authors":"Renatha Almeida de Araújo, João Domingos Rocha-Júnior, Jaqueline Tamara Bonavina, Melissa de Oliveira Bianchini, Samara Beretta, Daniella Jorge Coutinho Armani, Marina Vilela Estevam, Gilson Hélio Toniollo, Henry David Mogollón García, Eunice Oba, Maricy Apparício","doi":"10.3390/ani15121739","DOIUrl":"10.3390/ani15121739","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In this study, thirty female dogs, aged one to five years and varying in weight, in the last week of gestation were evaluated. The animals were divided into two groups: GC, which comprised twenty-two bitches undergoing elective cesarean section, and GD, which consisted of eight dogs requiring therapeutic cesarean section as a treatment to dystocia. We found that cortisol levels in the amniotic fluid were significantly higher in pups delivered via elective cesareans (mean: 9.86 ng/mL) compared to those from therapeutic c-sections (mean: 4.11 ng/mL). This observation contrasted with previous studies that reported lower cortisol levels in elective procedures, suggesting complexities in the physiological responses to different delivery methods that warrant further investigation. Notably, our study observed no significant association between amniotic fluid meconium presence and other distress markers, indicating that meconium may be more closely associated with fetal maturation rather than distress (<i>p</i> > 0.05). Neonatal viability (Apgar score) revealed that 92.86% of the neonates from elective procedures demonstrated no distress shortly after delivery, contrasting with 56.25% in therapeutic c-section. Fetal distress can be a direct consequence of dystocia caused by various stressors, such as pain and hypoxia. These factors can impair the fetus' ability to adapt to extrauterine life, often leading to lower Apgar scores. Notably, neonatal weight was directly related to fetal cortisol levels, while no significant associations were noted between the litter size or birth order and cortisol concentrations, irrespective of the delivery type. These findings underscore the need for ongoing investigation into the relationships between cesarean delivery types, maternal and neonatal stress markers, and resultant health outcomes, aiming to enhance care strategies for expectant canine mothers and their puppies.</p>","PeriodicalId":7955,"journal":{"name":"Animals","volume":"15 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12189658/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144493524","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of Thermal Manipulation of Broiler Eggs on Growth Performance, Splenic Inflammatory Cytokine Levels, and Heat Shock Protein Responses to Post-Hatch Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) Challenge.","authors":"Mohammad Borhan Al-Zghoul, Seif Hundam, Mohammad Mayyas, David E Gerrard, Rami A Dalloul","doi":"10.3390/ani15121736","DOIUrl":"10.3390/ani15121736","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Thermal manipulation (TM) during embryogenesis is a promising non-pharmacological strategy to enhance physiological resilience in broiler chickens. This study evaluated the impact of thermal conditioning of fertile eggs on growth performance, inflammatory responses, and molecular stress markers following a post-hatch lipopolysaccharide (LPS) challenge. Fertilized eggs (average weight 62 ± 3 g) were obtained from 35-week-old Indian River broiler breeder hens. A total of 720 eggs were randomly assigned to either the control group (<i>n</i> = 360) or the TM group (<i>n</i> = 360), with each group consisting of two replicates of 180 eggs. Control eggs were maintained under standard incubation conditions (37.8 °C, 56% RH), while TM eggs were subjected to elevated temperature (38.8 °C, 65% RH) for 18 h daily from embryonic day 10 to 18. On post-hatch day 15, control and TM groups were administered either saline or LPS via intraperitoneal (IP) injection. Body weight and temperature, internal organ weights, and splenic mRNA expression levels of inflammatory cytokines, toll-like receptors, transcription factors, and heat shock proteins were assessed. TM did not alter hatchability (<i>p</i> = 0.633), but significantly shortened hatch time (<i>p</i> < 0.05) and improved feed efficiency (<i>p</i> < 0.05). While LPS induced marked inflammatory responses in all birds, those subjected to TM exhibited attenuated proinflammatory cytokine expression, enhanced anti-inflammatory signaling, and differential regulation of stress-associated genes, including nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), heat shock protein 70 (HSP70), and heat shock factors (HSFs). These findings suggest that TM during incubation promotes a more regulated immune response and improved stress adaptation post-hatch. This approach offers a potential antibiotic-free intervention to enhance broiler health, performance, and resilience under immunological stress.</p>","PeriodicalId":7955,"journal":{"name":"Animals","volume":"15 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12189522/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144493526","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}