Animals最新文献

{"title":"Do Activity Sensors Identify Physiological, Clinical and Behavioural Changes in Laying Hens Exposed to a Vaccine Challenge?","authors":"Hyungwook Kang, Sarah Brocklehurst, Marie Haskell, Susan Jarvis, Victoria Sandilands","doi":"10.3390/ani15020205","DOIUrl":"10.3390/ani15020205","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study aimed to identify if sensor technology could be used to detect sickness-type signs (caused by a live vaccine) in laying hens compared to physiological and clinical sign scoring and behaviour observation. The experiment comprised 5 replicate batches (4 hens and 12 days per batch) using previously non-vaccinated hens (<i>n</i> = 20). Hens were moved on day 1 to a large experimental room with various designated zones (e.g., litter, perches, nest box), where they wore two sensors (FitBark, TrackLab). Saline was applied using ocular and nasal drops on day 3 as a control. A live vaccine (Infectious Laryngotracheitis, ILT, vaccine), applied using the same method on day 6, was used to induce mild respiratory and other responses. Physiological and clinical signs, and behaviour from videos were also recorded by a single observer. There were significant changes in body weight (<i>p</i> < 0.001), feed intake (<i>p</i> = 0.031), cloacal temperature (<i>p</i> < 0.001) and three out of five clinical signs (ocular discharge (<i>p</i> < 0.001), conjunctivitis (<i>p</i> < 0.001) and depression (<i>p</i> = 0.009)) over days. A significant decrease (<i>p</i> < 0.001) in activity level (FitBark) and distance travelled (both sensors) were identified over the study days, and activity and distance travelled were highly significantly associated (<i>p</i> < 0.001) with total clinical scores, with hens showing reduced activity and distance travelled with worsening total clinical scores. With behaviour observations from videos, the proportions of sitting, foraging and feeding behaviours (<i>p</i> = 0.044, 0.036 and 0.004, respectively), the proportion of total visit duration to the litter zone (<i>p</i> < 0.001) and perch (<i>p</i> = 0.037) with TrackLab and the proportions of visit counts of hens in the litter zone (<i>p</i> = 0.012) from video scanning changed significantly with days. This study suggests that the vaccine challenge caused associated changes in clinical/physiological signs and activity/distance travelled data from the sensors. Sensors may have a role in detecting changes in activity and movement in individual hens indicative of health or welfare problems.</p>","PeriodicalId":7955,"journal":{"name":"Animals","volume":"15 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11758295/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143036014","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Grazing-Induced Habitat Degradation: Challenges to Giant Panda Survival Resulting from Declining Bamboo and Soil Quality.","authors":"Huawei Tian, Ying Zeng, Zejun Zhang, Ming Lu, Wei Wei","doi":"10.3390/ani15020202","DOIUrl":"10.3390/ani15020202","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Grazing is the primary human-induced disturbance affecting giant panda (<i>Ailuropoda melanoleuca</i>) habitats and has a severe impact on the long-term sustainability of the giant panda population. To address the lack of quantitative studies on grazing's impact on habitat quality, we selected China's most heavily grazed giant panda nature reserve. Utilizing the Maxent model and stoichiometric analysis, we investigated habitat quality degradation caused by grazing and quantified changes in bamboo nutritional quality and soil physicochemical properties. The results indicate that grazing has significantly reduced the suitable habitat area for giant pandas from 101.87 km² to 80.64 km². Specifically, high-suitability habitats declined by 14.14%, moderate-suitability habitats declined by 22.70%, and low-suitability habitats declined by 22.88%. Grazing has forced pandas to move to higher altitudes (2650-3057 m) with taller (12-20 m) trees, denser (28-55 plants) shrubs, and sparser (30-69%) bamboo. Additionally, the soil water content has decreased, while soil bulk density, total N, available N, and pH have significantly increased. Reductions in crude protein and ether extract, along with increased crude fiber and ash, have lowered bamboo's nutritional value and palatability. This study elucidates how grazing degrades giant panda habitat quality and provides a scientific basis for its conservation management.</p>","PeriodicalId":7955,"journal":{"name":"Animals","volume":"15 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11758315/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143035865","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prepartum Vaccination Against Neonatal Calf Diarrhea and Its Effect on Mammary Health and Milk Yield of Dairy Cows: A Retrospective Study Addressing Non-Specific Effects of Vaccination.","authors":"Caroline Kuhn, Holm Zerbe, Hans-Joachim Schuberth, Anke Römer, Debby Kraatz-van Egmond, Claudia Wesenauer, Martina Resch, Alexander Stoll, Yury Zablotski","doi":"10.3390/ani15020203","DOIUrl":"10.3390/ani15020203","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Prepartum vaccinations against neonatal calf diarrhea pathogens are administered in late pregnancy to provide passive immunity to calves through protective colostral antibodies. Potential non-specific effects of the vaccine on maternal innate immune responses and disease susceptibility during the sensitive transition period have not been addressed so far. In this retrospective study, data from 73,378 dairy cows on 20 farms in Germany were analyzed, using linear mixed-effects regression, quantile regression, and decision-tree-algorithms, to investigate the effects of prepartum vaccination on mammary health and milk yield by comparing non-vaccinated and vaccinated transition periods. Herd management-related factors were found to be most influential for mammary health and milk yield. Vaccinated cows were not significantly more likely to develop mastitis and did not have significantly different somatic cell counts and milk yields compared to non-vaccinated cows. Healthy primiparous cows with and without vaccination had similar energy-corrected milk yields. The study concludes that prepartum vaccination against calf diarrhea has no significant effects on mammary health and milk yield. Further research is recommended to investigate potential non-specific vaccine effects on other organ systems, infectious diseases, and production metrics of the dairy cow.</p>","PeriodicalId":7955,"journal":{"name":"Animals","volume":"15 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11758672/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143035866","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of Hypocaloric Diets on Weight Loss and Body Composition in Obese Dogs: A Meta-Analysis.","authors":"Karoline Vanelli, Rafael Fernando Wisneski, Camila Estevão, Fernanda Caroline Mayer, Leandro Batista Costa, Saulo Henrique Webber, Cláudia Turra Pimpão","doi":"10.3390/ani15020210","DOIUrl":"10.3390/ani15020210","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Canine obesity is a complex, multifactorial condition marked by excessive body fat accumulation due to a sustained positive energy balance. Over the past decade, its global prevalence has risen significantly in most industrialized nations. Despite the availability of numerous commercial diets designed for obesity management in dogs, these products exhibit considerable variability in nutrient composition, and there is currently no standardized guideline on optimal macronutrient levels for effective weight loss. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of specific macronutrient levels on weight loss and body composition in obese dogs. A comprehensive literature search was conducted from 2022 to 2024 across PUBMED, Scielo, Web of Science, and Google Scholar. Out of an initial 1727 documents, 20 studies met the inclusion criteria and were incorporated into this meta-analysis. Diets with energy densities below 3.275 kcal, protein levels above 25%, total dietary fiber exceeding 12%, lower fat (<10%), and reduced non-nitrogenous extract (<40%) demonstrated beneficial effects on all evaluated parameters, including weight loss and body composition assessment. This meta-analysis provides evidence-based nutritional recommendations on optimal caloric, protein, fiber, fat, and carbohydrate levels for hypocaloric diet formulations, supporting healthy weight loss and lean mass preservation in obese dogs. These findings contribute to the development of effective dietary strategies that enhance canine quality of life and longevity.</p>","PeriodicalId":7955,"journal":{"name":"Animals","volume":"15 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11759159/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143036081","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ten Candidate Genes Were Identified to Be Associated with the Great Growth Differentiation in the Three-Way Cross Hybrid Abalone.","authors":"Qizhen Xiao, Shihai Gong, Zekun Huang, Wenzhu Peng, Zhaofang Han, Yang Gan, Yawei Shen, Weiwei You, Caihuan Ke, Xuan Luo","doi":"10.3390/ani15020211","DOIUrl":"10.3390/ani15020211","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Abalone is an economically important mollusk, whose slow growth has impeded the recovery of its wild populations and development of aquaculture. The three-way cross hybrid abalone ((<i>Haliotis discus hannai</i>♀ × <i>H. fulgens</i>♂)♀ × <i>H. gigantea</i>♂, DF × SS) demonstrated notable diversity in growth traits across the population with genetic differentiation, offering a model for exploring the molecular mechanisms of abalone growth. In this study, a total of 89 SNPs and 97 candidate genes were identified to be associated with growth-related traits of abalone using whole-genome resequencing and a genome-wide association study (GWAS) analysis. Then, ten overlap genes were found among these candidate genes by combining the results of GWAS and comparative transcriptomic analyses between the large individuals (L group) and small individuals (S group) of DF × SS. These overlap genes include up-regulated genes (<i>fabG</i>) and down-regulated genes (<i>HMCN1</i>, <i>TLR3</i>, <i>ITIH3</i>) between the L and the S groups, which are thought to function in growth in other organisms. The biological functions of these candidate genes in abalone still have to be confirmed, but they have improved our understanding of the molecular mechanisms behind abalone growth traits and provided molecular markers for abalone breeding programs.</p>","PeriodicalId":7955,"journal":{"name":"Animals","volume":"15 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11758661/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143036100","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Probiotic Characterization of Lactic Acid Bacteria from Donkey Feces in China.","authors":"Yanqiu Wu, Shousong Yue, Jinhui Yu, Fei Bian, Gao Chen, Yan Zhang","doi":"10.3390/ani15020207","DOIUrl":"10.3390/ani15020207","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Probiotics are beneficial to humans and animals and often used for regulating immunity, intestinal microbiota balance, and animal growth performance. Donkey husbandry has boomed in China in recent years and there is an urgent need for probiotics effective for improving donkey health. However, studies on potential probiotic strains isolated from donkeys are scarce. This project aimed to screen LAB strains from donkey feces, detect their antimicrobial activity and evaluate their probiotic characteristics in vitro. Thirteen LAB isolates showed different degrees of antimicrobial activity against four indicator bacteria: three common pathogens (<i>Escherichia coli</i>, <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>, and <i>Salmonella typhimurium</i>) and one pathogen restricted to equines (<i>Salmonella. abortus equi</i>), eight of which could inhibit all four pathogens. Seven isolates showed higher tolerance to low pH and bile salts, with >50% and >60% survival rates, respectively. Five of them had more than 50% survival rate to artificial gastric and intestinal fluids. Only three isolates possessed good properties, with >40% auto-aggregation, >40% hydrophobicity, and high co-aggregation with the indicator pathogens. An L9 isolate, identified as <i>Ligilactobacillus salivarius</i>, was sensitive to most antibiotics tested. Overall, these results indicate that the <i>L. salivarius</i> L9 isolate meets the requirements of the probiotics selection criteria in vitro and can potentially be developed as a probiotic for donkeys.</p>","PeriodicalId":7955,"journal":{"name":"Animals","volume":"15 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11758317/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143035915","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of Long-Term Antibody Titers in Calves Treated with Different Conjunctival and Subcutaneous <i>Brucella abortus</i> S19 Vaccines.","authors":"Ali Uslu, Zafer Sayın, Aslı Balevi, Yasin Gulcu, Fırat Ergen, Islam Akıner, Oguzhan Denizli, Osman Erganis","doi":"10.3390/ani15020212","DOIUrl":"10.3390/ani15020212","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Brucellosis is still the most common zoonosis worldwide despite advanced technology and animal husbandry. Since there is still no effective &lt;i&gt;Brucella&lt;/i&gt; vaccine for humans, it is crucial to control the disease in ruminants through eradication and vaccination. Although some countries around the world have achieved this circumstance, every country aims to become free of Brucellosis through vaccination, animal movements, and various eradication measures. For this purpose, the &lt;i&gt;Brucella abortus&lt;/i&gt; S19 strain has been used safely for about 100 years. However, due to the O-polysaccharide (OPS) antigen in its structure, the antibody response created by the vaccine causes confusion in serological tests. For this purpose, researchers have provided both mucosal immunity and short-term antibody response by using the &lt;i&gt;B. abortus&lt;/i&gt; S19 vaccine in conjunctival form instead of subcutaneous form. This study aimed to determine how long the post-vaccination titer levels persisted in animals vaccinated with vaccines from 3 different companies and different routes. In this study, a total of 115 calves aged 3 to 4.5 months were created in five groups, with 23 animals in each group: group 1 (vaccine brand A), group 2 (vaccine brand B), and group 3 (vaccine brand C) received the two-dose conjunctival vaccine, group 4 received the single-dose subcutaneous vaccine (vaccine brand C), and group 5 received the subcutaneous vaccine (vaccine brand C) plus the booster dose conjunctival vaccine (vaccine brand B). Brucellosis antibody titers were monitored each 21 days until the cattle were 26-28 months old. The collected sera were analyzed using the Rose Bengal Plate Test (RBPT), Serum Agglutination Test (SAT), and Complement Fixation Test (CFT), which are the preferred serological methods for Brucellosis eradication plans worldwide. In the conjunctival vaccination groups, only 3 (13%) of the animals in group 1 developed antibody titers one month after vaccination, and there was no antibody response detected against Brucellosis in group 2 and group 3. In animals that were stimulated conjunctivally, the threshold value of 30 International CFT Units (ICFTUs) (for distinguishing between infective titers and vaccination titers) was observed in one animal each in group 1 and group 2 and 0 animal in group 3. It was found that antibody titers turn to Brucellosis negative in all conjunctival vaccine groups at 7 months after vaccination. In groups 4 and 5, the first-month serological screening detected over 30 ICFTUs in 17 (89.47%) animals and 16 (69.5%) animals, respectively. In group 4, CFT titers were found to fall below 30 on the 17th month and 9.3 on the 22nd month. On the 14th month, the CFT titers of group 5 were found to be below 30, and all animals in this group turned negative after the 19th month. It was found that the single dose &lt;i&gt;B. abortus&lt;/i&gt; S19 subcutaneous vaccination in calves caused persistent antibodies in 5% of the population. It is believed that ","PeriodicalId":7955,"journal":{"name":"Animals","volume":"15 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11758667/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143035998","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rumen Bacterial Community Responses to Three DHA Supplements: A Comparative In Vitro Study.","authors":"Jianmin Zou, Genna Ba, Dian Wang, Mengmeng Li, Shaohong Jin, Chong Chen, Wei Tan, Jian He, Hengsheng Du, Pengjie Wang, Yinhua Zhu","doi":"10.3390/ani15020196","DOIUrl":"10.3390/ani15020196","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The aim of this study was to investigate the loss of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) from three supplements (two powders and one oil) after digestion (rumen and gastrointestinal) and their effects on the number and composition of rumen bacteria, using an in vitro approach. The concentration of supplements has a significant impact on the DHA loss rate and algal oil exhibited the highest rate of loss, but bioaccessibility was not significantly different from the other supplements. 16S rRNA sequencing showed that three DHA supplements altered the bacterial composition of in vitro batch cultures inoculated with rumen microorganisms from cows, and caused changes in the relative abundance of important bacterial phyla, families, and genera. DHA supplements altered the abundance of bacterial species, including <i>Prevotella</i>, <i>Ruminobacter</i>, <i>Succiniclassicum</i>, <i>Succinivibrio</i>, <i>Lachnospiraceae</i>, and <i>Muribaculaceae</i>. Importantly, these changes may be associated with the ruminal response in biohydrogenation. Algal oil has the most significant impact on rumen microbiota by reducing the richness and diversity of rumen microbiota, and significantly altering the composition of multiple important microbiota.</p>","PeriodicalId":7955,"journal":{"name":"Animals","volume":"15 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11758605/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143036073","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation of the Molecular Mechanism of Asthma in Meishan Pigs Using Multi-Omics Analysis.","authors":"Weilong Tu, Hongyang Wang, Yingying Zhang, Ji Huang, Yuduan Diao, Jieke Zhou, Yongsong Tan, Xin Li","doi":"10.3390/ani15020200","DOIUrl":"10.3390/ani15020200","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Asthma has been extensively studied in humans and animals, but the molecular mechanisms underlying asthma in Meishan pigs, a breed with distinct genetic and physiological characteristics, remain elusive. Understanding these mechanisms could provide insights into veterinary medicine and human asthma research. We investigated asthma pathogenesis in Meishan pigs through transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses of blood samples taken during autumn and winter. Asthma in Meishan pigs is related to inflammation, mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation, and tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle disorders. Related genes include <i>CXCL10</i>, <i>CCL8</i>, <i>CCL22</i>, <i>CCL21</i>, <i>OLR1</i>, and <i>ACKR1</i>, while metabolites include succinic acid, riboflavin-5-phosphate, and fumaric acid. Transcriptomic sequencing was performed on panting and normal Meishan pigs, and differentially expressed genes underwent functional enrichment screening. Metabolomic analysis revealed differential metabolites and pathways between groups. Combined analyses indicated that lung inflammation is influenced by genetic, allergenic, and environmental factors disrupting oxidative phosphorylation in lung mitochondria, affecting the TCA cycle. Mitochondrial reactive oxygen species, glutathione S-transferases, arginase 1 and RORC in immune regulation, the Notch pathway, YPEL4 in cell proliferation, and MARCKS in airway mucus secretion play roles in asthma pathogenesis. This study highlights that many cytokines and signaling pathways contribute to asthma. Further studies are needed to elucidate their complex interactions.</p>","PeriodicalId":7955,"journal":{"name":"Animals","volume":"15 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11759154/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143036124","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association Between Deforestation and the Incidence of Snakebites in South Korea.","authors":"Seoheui Lee, Junyeong Lee, Kyung-Duk Min","doi":"10.3390/ani15020198","DOIUrl":"10.3390/ani15020198","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Snakebites are a significant global health concern; despite various known risk factors, the role of environmental changes, such as deforestation, remains underexplored. Therefore, we investigated the association between deforestation and snakebite incidence in South Korea. Aggregated data were obtained from the National Health Insurance Service (NHIS) and the National Emergency Department Information System (NEDIS) from 2014 to 2021. The main explanatory variable was the level of deforestation by district and year. Additional covariates included altitude, average temperature, population size, proportion of urban land cover, proportion of agricultural land cover, and level of ecological preservation. Twelve statistical models were employed to assess the association between deforestation and snakebite incidence. The odds ratios and relative risks ranged between 1.217 and 1.452 and between 1.078 and 1.175, indicating a significant positive association between these two factors. These findings suggest that deforestation notably increases snakebite risk; collectively, our findings can help develop targeted preventive measures and healthcare strategies to reduce snakebite risk globally.</p>","PeriodicalId":7955,"journal":{"name":"Animals","volume":"15 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11758619/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143035895","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}