Impact of Delivery Method on Serum Cortisol Levels and Neonatal Outcomes in Canine Cesarean Sections.

IF 2.7 2区 农林科学 Q1 AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE
Animals Pub Date : 2025-06-12 DOI:10.3390/ani15121739
Renatha Almeida de Araújo, João Domingos Rocha-Júnior, Jaqueline Tamara Bonavina, Melissa de Oliveira Bianchini, Samara Beretta, Daniella Jorge Coutinho Armani, Marina Vilela Estevam, Gilson Hélio Toniollo, Henry David Mogollón García, Eunice Oba, Maricy Apparício
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Abstract

In this study, thirty female dogs, aged one to five years and varying in weight, in the last week of gestation were evaluated. The animals were divided into two groups: GC, which comprised twenty-two bitches undergoing elective cesarean section, and GD, which consisted of eight dogs requiring therapeutic cesarean section as a treatment to dystocia. We found that cortisol levels in the amniotic fluid were significantly higher in pups delivered via elective cesareans (mean: 9.86 ng/mL) compared to those from therapeutic c-sections (mean: 4.11 ng/mL). This observation contrasted with previous studies that reported lower cortisol levels in elective procedures, suggesting complexities in the physiological responses to different delivery methods that warrant further investigation. Notably, our study observed no significant association between amniotic fluid meconium presence and other distress markers, indicating that meconium may be more closely associated with fetal maturation rather than distress (p > 0.05). Neonatal viability (Apgar score) revealed that 92.86% of the neonates from elective procedures demonstrated no distress shortly after delivery, contrasting with 56.25% in therapeutic c-section. Fetal distress can be a direct consequence of dystocia caused by various stressors, such as pain and hypoxia. These factors can impair the fetus' ability to adapt to extrauterine life, often leading to lower Apgar scores. Notably, neonatal weight was directly related to fetal cortisol levels, while no significant associations were noted between the litter size or birth order and cortisol concentrations, irrespective of the delivery type. These findings underscore the need for ongoing investigation into the relationships between cesarean delivery types, maternal and neonatal stress markers, and resultant health outcomes, aiming to enhance care strategies for expectant canine mothers and their puppies.

分娩方式对犬剖宫产术中血清皮质醇水平和新生儿结局的影响。
在这项研究中,30只母狗,年龄在1到5岁之间,体重不同,在妊娠的最后一周进行了评估。动物分为两组:GC组22只选择剖宫产,GD组8只选择剖宫产治疗难产。我们发现,选择性剖宫产的羊水皮质醇水平(平均:9.86 ng/mL)明显高于治疗性剖宫产的羊水皮质醇水平(平均:4.11 ng/mL)。这一观察结果与之前报道的选择性手术中皮质醇水平较低的研究形成对比,表明对不同分娩方式的生理反应的复杂性值得进一步研究。值得注意的是,我们的研究未发现羊水胎粪与其他窘迫标志物之间存在显著关联,这表明胎粪可能与胎儿成熟而非窘迫更密切相关(p > 0.05)。新生儿生存能力(Apgar评分)显示,92.86%的选择性手术的新生儿在分娩后不久没有出现窘迫,而治疗性剖腹产的新生儿则为56.25%。胎儿窘迫可能是由各种压力源(如疼痛和缺氧)引起的难产的直接后果。这些因素会损害胎儿适应子宫外生活的能力,通常会导致Apgar评分较低。值得注意的是,新生儿体重与胎儿皮质醇水平直接相关,而产仔数或出生顺序与皮质醇浓度之间没有显著关联,与分娩类型无关。这些发现强调了对剖宫产类型、产妇和新生儿压力标志物以及由此产生的健康结果之间的关系进行持续调查的必要性,旨在提高准犬妈妈及其幼犬的护理策略。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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来源期刊
Animals
Animals Agricultural and Biological Sciences-Animal Science and Zoology
CiteScore
4.90
自引率
16.70%
发文量
3015
审稿时长
20.52 days
期刊介绍: Animals (ISSN 2076-2615) is an international and interdisciplinary scholarly open access journal. It publishes original research articles, reviews, communications, and short notes that are relevant to any field of study that involves animals, including zoology, ethnozoology, animal science, animal ethics and animal welfare. However, preference will be given to those articles that provide an understanding of animals within a larger context (i.e., the animals'' interactions with the outside world, including humans). There is no restriction on the length of the papers. Our aim is to encourage scientists to publish their experimental and theoretical research in as much detail as possible. Full experimental details and/or method of study, must be provided for research articles. Articles submitted that involve subjecting animals to unnecessary pain or suffering will not be accepted, and all articles must be submitted with the necessary ethical approval (please refer to the Ethical Guidelines for more information).
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