Animals最新文献

{"title":"Reproductive and Meat Performance of Pekin Ducks (P-11 and P-22) Under a Conservation Programme.","authors":"Barbara Biesiada-Drzazga, Eugeniusz Wencek, Dorota Banaszewska","doi":"10.3390/ani15111591","DOIUrl":"10.3390/ani15111591","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The aim of this study was to evaluate selected reproductive traits and estimate selected meat traits of male and female ducks of strains P-11 and P-22 during the rearing period, in order to analyse the differences between the two duck populations in terms of these traits in three consecutive generations, i.e., in the years 2020-2022. The birds were kept at the Duck Breeding Centre in Lińsk, Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship. This study was conducted using all individually tagged individuals of both sexes of known origin and lineage. The birds were kept under standard conditions, and incubation and hatching were carried out in accordance with applicable technology. Reproductive traits were evaluated in three generations of ducks, and meat traits were evaluated during rearing. Ducks of strain P-11 were shown to have a higher laying rate than P-22 ducks, a higher egg fertilization rate, and higher hatching rates of healthy ducklings from set eggs and fertilized eggs, which confirms the differences between the two populations. Average egg fertilization rates during the three-year study period ranged from 92.38% to 94.71% in strain P-11 and from 91.37% to 92.80% in strain P-22. The rates of healthy ducklings hatched from set eggs ranged from 72.24% to 78.15% in strain P-11 and were 2.89% to 4.73% higher than for strain P-22. Egg weight at peak laying (above 80%) ranged from 91.9 to 92.3 g in strain P-22 and from 89.2 to 89 g in strain P-11, and the heritability coefficients for both strains were within the range for moderately heritable traits. Statistically significant differences were shown between the two populations for all meat traits evaluated during the rearing period, i.e., body weight at 3 and 7 weeks of age, keel length, and breast muscle thickness, in each of the three years of this study (three successive generations of birds). Male ducks had higher body weight, better musculature, and higher fat content than females. In addition, the males and females of strain P-22 had higher values for these traits than the birds of strain P-11. Minor changes were observed in successive generations in the values for these traits, as well as in the heritability coefficients estimated from variance for fathers (h²_S), mothers (h²_D), and fathers and mothers (h²_SD). For most meat traits, the heritability coefficients estimated from the variance for fathers (h²_S), mothers (h²_D), and fathers and mothers (h²_SD) took on values from low to high in both strains.</p>","PeriodicalId":7955,"journal":{"name":"Animals","volume":"15 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12153822/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144282180","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Initial Screening of Extrachromosomal Circular DNA Candidates for Pork Meat Quality Traits Using Circle-Seq and RNA-Seq Analysis.","authors":"Liyao Bai, Jiahao Wu, Tengfei Dou, Donghui Chu, Xinjian Li, Xuelei Han, Ruimin Qiao, Kejun Wang, Feng Yang, Xiuling Li","doi":"10.3390/ani15111590","DOIUrl":"10.3390/ani15111590","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Yunong Black (YN) pigs and Yunong Black × Landrace (YL) hybrid pigs exhibit significant differences in meat quality characteristics. Studies have suggested that extrachromosomal circular DNA (eccDNA) may play a regulatory role in muscle development. In order to study the differences in eccDNA between two groups with different meat quality traits and their potential biological significance, this study used the Circle-seq method to detect eccDNA in the longest dorsal muscle (LDM) of Yunong Black pigs (YN) (<i>n</i> = 3) and Yunong Black × Landrace hybrid pigs (YL) (<i>n</i> = 3). EccDNA-related differentially expressed genes (eccDEGs) were then analyzed in combination with RNA-seq to explore the mechanisms by which eccDNA affects meat quality. The results showed that 1325 and 1304 differentially expressed eccDNAs were identified in the YN and YL groups, varying in size and distributed across multiple genomic functional regions. These eccDNAs were also annotated according to several protein-coding genes. Combined analysis with RNA-seq results revealed 19 and 27 eccDEGs in the YN and YL groups. The Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) and Gene Ontology (GO) analysis enriched many lipid-related pathways, such as chemokine signals and ADP metabolic processes. By constructing a regulatory network, several potential regulatory networks that might be related to pork quality, for example, ecc_sus_8665/ssc-miR-212/ADAMTS16, were identified. In summary, we identified several potential eccDNAs that may regulate pig muscle, offering insights into the regulation of pig muscle traits for breeding.</p>","PeriodicalId":7955,"journal":{"name":"Animals","volume":"15 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12153846/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144282117","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Rumen-Protected 5-Hydroxytryptophan and Melatonin Supplementation on Antioxidant Capacity, Meat Quality, and Shelf Life of Hu Sheep.","authors":"Shiheng Xu, Honghai Yang, Zulibina Ainiwaer, Wenpeng Fan, Tongxiang Xu, Kailun Yang, Caidie Wang","doi":"10.3390/ani15111582","DOIUrl":"10.3390/ani15111582","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study aimed to investigate the impact of dietary supplementation with RPT 5-HTP and MT on the meat quality and shelf life of Hu sheep. Thirty 4-month-old male Hu sheep with similar body weights (30.84 ± 1.16 kg) were randomly allocated into three groups (one sheep per replicate): a control group (fed a basal diet), a RPT 5-HTP group (basal diet + 222 mg/kg BW RPT 5-HTP), and an MT group (basal diet + 4 mg/d MT). The experimental period lasted 37 days, including a 7-day adaptation phase and a 30-day formal trial. The results show that supplementation with RPT 5-HTP and MT significantly increased MT levels in the <i>longissimus dorsi</i> muscle of Hu sheep (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Compared to the control group, the malondialdehyde (MDA) content in the <i>longissimus dorsi</i> muscle was significantly reduced in the MT and RPT 5-HTP groups (<i>p</i> < 0.05), while catalase (CAT) activity was significantly increased in the MT group (<i>p</i> < 0.05). The drip loss of the <i>longissimus dorsi</i> muscle in Hu sheep was significantly reduced after supplementation with RPT 5-HTP and MT (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Essential amino acids, non-essential amino acids, sweet-tasting amino acids, and umami amino acids in the <i>longissimus dorsi</i> muscle of supplemented groups were significantly elevated (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Both 5-HTP and MT extended the shelf life of mutton; compared to the control, the shelf life was prolonged by 22.08 h in the RPT 5-HTP group and by 45.36 h in the MT group. In conclusion, it was found that 5-HTP and MT had a certain effect on improving the antioxidant capacity of Hu sheep, thereby enhancing the meat quality of mutton and extending its shelf life, with the amino acid content in mutton being increased to improve its umami and flavor.</p>","PeriodicalId":7955,"journal":{"name":"Animals","volume":"15 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12153834/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144282134","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study of the Association Between SNPs and External Pelvimetry Measurements in Romanian Simmental Cattle.","authors":"Ioana-Irina Spătaru, Alexandru Eugeniu Mizeranschi, Daniela Elena Ilie, Iuliu Torda, Daniel George Bratu, Bianca Cornelia Lungu, Ioan Huțu, Călin Mircu","doi":"10.3390/ani15111586","DOIUrl":"10.3390/ani15111586","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The evaluation of external pelvimetry measurements and the genetic factors influencing them is essential for improving morphological characteristics and reproductive performance in cattle. This study represents the first comprehensive analysis of the association between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and external pelvimetry traits in Romanian Simmental cattle, a breed recognized for its distinctive pelvic morphology. The relationship between single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and external pelvimetry traits-including croup height (CH), buttock height (BH), croup width (CW), rump angle (RA), and croup length (CL)-was examined in Simmental cows. From an initial set of 110 SNPs, 33 markers were retained after applying quality control filters, including a minor allele frequency (MAF) greater than 0.05 and Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. These SNPs, located on multiple chromosomes, were identified within intronic, exonic, or regulatory regions of relevant genes such as <i>CLSTN2</i>, <i>DPYD</i>, <i>FBXL7</i>, <i>FBXL13</i>, <i>SEMA6A</i>, <i>RUNX2</i>, <i>FSTL4</i>, <i>DST</i>, <i>DCBLD2</i>, <i>FRMD6</i>, <i>CAV2.3</i>, <i>ABL2</i>, <i>SH3BP4</i>, <i>RSBN1L</i>,and <i>SAMD12</i>, suggesting that these genetic variants may influence the development and morphology of the pelvic bones. Statistical analysis revealed significant relationships between certain allele variants and croup measurements, highlighting that the presence of alternative alleles can modify their morphological traits. Notably, the G allele in CLSTN2 reduced croup height by 5.74 cm (<i>p</i> = 0.0227), while the T allele in RUNX2 decreased rump angle by 4.49° (<i>p</i> = 0.0119).</p>","PeriodicalId":7955,"journal":{"name":"Animals","volume":"15 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12153695/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144282195","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Coagulation Status Assessment in Dogs with Chronic Enteropathy Using Viscoelastic Point-of-Care Coagulation Monitor.","authors":"María José Marín Lucas, Tim Sparks, Chantal Rosa","doi":"10.3390/ani15111571","DOIUrl":"10.3390/ani15111571","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Canine chronic inflammatory enteropathy (CIE) has been associated with coagulation abnormalities, predisposing affected dogs to a hypercoagulable state and potential thromboembolic events. This study aimed to evaluate the coagulation status in dogs with CIE using a viscoelastic point-of-care device, a Viscoelastic Coagulation Monitor (VCM Vet^®). A retrospective review of medical records identified 38 dogs diagnosed with CIE that underwent VCM Vet^® testing. Coagulation profiles were classified as hypercoagulable, normocoagulable, or hypocoagulable. The results demonstrate that 81.5% of dogs exhibited hypercoagulability, and significant associations were found between the coagulation status and the type of CIE. Hypercoagulability was more commonly found in immunosuppressive-responsive enteropathy (IRE) cases. Albumin and cobalamin were significantly higher in food-responsive enteropathy, whereas the canine chronic enteropathy clinical activity index (CCECAI) was significantly higher in immunosuppressive-responsive enteropathy and non-responsive enteropathy. One dog with protein-losing enteropathy (PLE) was suspected of having developed possible pulmonary thromboembolism. These findings reinforce previous reports of hypercoagulability in CIE and suggest that VCM Vet^® is a valuable and easy tool to assess coagulation abnormalities in a clinical setting. Further investigation is warranted to evaluate the clinical implications of hypercoagulability in CIE and the potential role of anticoagulant therapy in disease management.</p>","PeriodicalId":7955,"journal":{"name":"Animals","volume":"15 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12153535/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144282062","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reproductive Management of Peruvian Grunt <i>Anisotremus scapularis</i> in Captivity: Spawning Dynamics, Hatching Rate, and Larval Survival.","authors":"Jordan I Huanacuni, Renzo Pepe-Victoriano, Pablo Presa, Luis A Espinoza-Ramos","doi":"10.3390/ani15111579","DOIUrl":"10.3390/ani15111579","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The Peruvian grunt, <i>Anisotremus scapularis</i>, is a commercially valuable coastal fish in the southeastern Pacific that is facing overexploitation. To support its aquaculture development, this study evaluated the spontaneous reproductive dynamics of a captive broodstock held under natural photoperiod and temperature conditions in a flow-through system. Eleven wild adult specimens (3 females and 8 males) with an average size of 34.9 ± 5.4 cm and a weight of 986 ± 470 g were housed in a 9 m³ tank and monitored over five consecutive spawning seasons (2016-2021). Fish were fed a semi-moist, animal-protein-based diet (37% protein and 6.6% lipid) at 2% body weight/day. A total of 214 spontaneous spawning events produced over 83 million eggs. The highest reproductive output occurred in the first season (2016-2017) with 94 spawnings and 23.3 million eggs. Fertilization, hatching, and larval survival rates averaged 94.7%, 89.7%, and 75%, respectively, but declined in later years. Spawning showed marked seasonality from October to May, with a major reproductive pause in late January. The temperature (16-20 °C) and photoperiod (>12 h daylight) appeared to influence reproductive timing, alongside diet and broodstock handling. The findings reported herein are observational in nature and provide valuable baseline data for future experimental designs aimed at optimizing broodstock management in <i>A. scapularis</i> aquaculture.</p>","PeriodicalId":7955,"journal":{"name":"Animals","volume":"15 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12153885/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144282181","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Detection of Dairy Herd Management Issues Using Fatty Acid Profiles Predicted by Mid-Infrared Spectrometry.","authors":"Sébastien Franceschini, Claire Fastré, Charles Nickmilder, Débora E Santschi, Daniel Warner, Mazen Bahadi, Carlo Bertozzi, Didier Veselko, Frédéric Dehareng, Nicolas Gengler, Hélène Soyeurt","doi":"10.3390/ani15111575","DOIUrl":"10.3390/ani15111575","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This article focuses on the creation of a monitoring tool using routinely collected data from milk payment analyses. Milk samples were analyzed through Fourier Transform mid-infrared spectrometry every 1 to 3 days, and their compositions were predicted using machine learning models. Among the predicted parameters, fatty acid profiles appear to be effective indicators of animal status and management practices. In this research, these profiles were summarized using 31 fatty acids or groups of fatty acids. The methodology consists of four steps: hierarchical clustering to detect patterns in a Belgian spectral dataset (<i>N</i> = 774,781), interpretation of the identified seven clusters, development of predictive models applied to a Canadian dataset (<i>N</i> = 670,165), and validation using management information collected from Canadian farms. The identified clusters revealed significant relationships with feeding management strategies and temporal evolutions, highlighting the potential to develop automated alert systems that assist farmers and advisors in herd monitoring.</p>","PeriodicalId":7955,"journal":{"name":"Animals","volume":"15 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12153918/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144282085","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Apricot Bee Pollen Alleviates Deoxynivalenol-Induced Cellular Toxicity in Bovine Granulosa Cells.","authors":"Ce Lv, Xiaoxue Zheng, Hanxiao Wu, Peihao Sun, Qun Lu, Fang Fang, Mingxiao Liu, Shuo Zhou, Rui Liu, Xiang Li, Liguo Yang, Aixin Liang","doi":"10.3390/ani15111580","DOIUrl":"10.3390/ani15111580","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Apricot bee pollen is an important natural product that exhibits antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial properties. Deoxynivalenol (DON), one of the most prevalent mycotoxins produced by <i>Fusarium</i> fungi, poses risks to both human and animal reproductive systems. We observed that exposure to DON inhibited cell proliferation and induced apoptosis in bovine granulosa cells (bGCs), accompanied by a significant downregulation of PCNA expression and an upregulation of BAX expression. RNA sequencing analysis revealed that differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were primarily enriched in the oxidation-reduction process, oxidoreductase activity, and steroid biosynthesis. We further confirmed that DON exposure inhibited the production of estrogen and progesterone by decreasing the protein expression levels of CYP19A1 and StAR. Additionally, DON exposure increased the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde (MDA) in a dose-dependent manner, suggesting that DON induced oxidative stress in bGCs. Importantly, we demonstrated that apricot bee pollen ethanol extract (ABPE) increased the cell viability of bGCs and alleviated the effects of DON-induced cell viability reduction and estrogen dysfunction. Furthermore, ABPE attenuated the DON-induced increase in ROS levels and upregulated the expression of antioxidant-related gene <i>heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1)</i>. These results reveal the protective effects of ABPE against DON-induced cell viability reduction, estrogen disorder, and oxidative stress, providing new insights into the potential of bee pollen as a promising natural agent to improve mycotoxin contamination.</p>","PeriodicalId":7955,"journal":{"name":"Animals","volume":"15 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12153882/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144282050","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Locomotion, Postures, and Substrate Use in Captive Southern Pygmy Slow Lorises (Strepsirrhini, Primates): Implications for Conservation.","authors":"Dionisios Youlatos, Dimitris Pylarinos, Nikolaos Evangelos Karantanis, Leszek Rychlik","doi":"10.3390/ani15111576","DOIUrl":"10.3390/ani15111576","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Studies of positional (=locomotor and postural) behavior are central to understanding how animals interact with the challenges imposed by their environment and are crucial for conservation management. The present study investigates, for the first time, the positional behavior and substrate use of the endangered southern pygmy slow loris <i>Xanthonycticebus pygmaeus</i>. Despite their very specialized morphology and ecology, the positional behavior of lorises is understudied. Behavioral data were collected using 30-s scan instant sampling on seven captive animals housed in a large, enriched enclosure of the Poznań Nowe Zoo (Poland) during February-June 2013. Pygmy slow lorises were almost exclusively arboreal and most activities occurred on multiple substrates (82.93%). Small (57.91%) and large (28.28%) substrates were extensively used. Horizontal (42.11%) and oblique (38.47%) substrates dominated. Clamber (39.39%), quadrupedalism (33.77%), and vertical climb (17.62%) were the main locomotor modes. Standing was the dominant posture (47.23%), followed by hanging (27.32%) and clinging (11.31%). Our results concur with the limited observations available on other lorisines; pygmy slow lorises employed a diverse and flexible positional repertoire as an adaptation to the exploitation of the continuous forest layers with intertwined small substrates of various inclinations. Consequently, protecting and managing these habitats, supported by ex situ reintroduction programs, can effectively contribute to the conservation of the species' populations.</p>","PeriodicalId":7955,"journal":{"name":"Animals","volume":"15 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12153727/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144282145","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spatiotemporal Dynamics of Pro-Inflammatory Mediator Expression in <i>Pelteobagrus vachelli</i> During Ichthyophthiriasis: A 40-Day Longitudinal Study of <i>IL-1β</i>, <i>IL-6</i>, and <i>SAA</i>.","authors":"Yang He, Miaomiao Wang, Jun Wang, Yadong Wang, Xiaolan Pi, Qi Wang, Yan Fu, Wei Fan, Qian Yang","doi":"10.3390/ani15111577","DOIUrl":"10.3390/ani15111577","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and serum amyloid A (SAA) are key pro-inflammatory mediators in the regulation of immune responses. The hypothesis posits that their expression varies with the progression of <i>Ichthyophthirius multifiliis</i> (Ich) infection and may serve as predictors of disease outcome. To elucidate their spatiotemporal dynamics, the full-length CDS of <i>IL-1β</i>, <i>IL-6</i>, and <i>SAA</i> in <i>Pelteobagrus vachelli</i> were cloned, and then their mRNA levels were tracked from infection onset (day 0) to resolution (day 40) or mortality in seven tissues. Key findings revealed a surge in <i>IL-1β</i> expression in the kidney and <i>SAA</i> expression in the spleen at 5 days post-infection (dpi), coinciding with no visible symptoms. Significant <i>SAA</i> elevation in the head kidney was observed at 10 dpi, preceding the emergence of white spots on the skin. This was followed by gill-specific <i>SAA</i> downregulation at 20 dpi, when 40% of fish presented with white spots. Complete clinical resolution by 40 dpi correlated with reduced hepatic <i>SAA</i> and branchial <i>IL-1β</i> levels. Notably, the concurrent upregulation of all three mediators occurred exclusively in the skin of moribund individuals. These findings identify potential biomarkers for tracking host inflammatory responses in ichthyophthiriasis.</p>","PeriodicalId":7955,"journal":{"name":"Animals","volume":"15 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12153630/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144282192","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}