Animals最新文献

{"title":"Current Thinking on <i>Eimeria</i> spp. in Poultry and Potential for Advancements in Control.","authors":"Kenneth Bafundo","doi":"10.3390/ani15030424","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ani15030424","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The significance of <i>Eimeria</i> infections in chicken production cannot be understated [...].</p>","PeriodicalId":7955,"journal":{"name":"Animals","volume":"15 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143405451","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Feeding Methionine Hydroxyl Analogue Chelated Zinc, Copper, and Manganese on Growth Performance, Nutrient Digestibility, Mineral Excretion and Welfare Conditions of Broiler Chickens: Part 1: Performance Aspects.","authors":"Hoang Duy Nguyen, Amy Fay Moss, Frances Yan, Hugo Romero-Sanchez, Thi Hiep Dao","doi":"10.3390/ani15030421","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ani15030421","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This floor pen study explored the effects of feeding mineral methionine hydroxyl analogue chelates (MMHACs) zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), and manganese (Mn) on growth performance, carcass processing weight and quality, nutrient digestibility, gizzard erosion score, and bone parameters of broilers. One-day-old Ross 308 male chicks (<i>n</i> = 384) were randomly allocated to four dietary treatments with eight replicate pens per treatment and 12 birds per pen. The treatments were as follows: (1) inorganic trace mineral ZnSO₄ 110 ppm, CuSO₄ 16 ppm, MnO 120 ppm (ITM); (2) MMHAC Zn 40 ppm, Cu 10 ppm, Mn 40 ppm (M10); (3) Inorganic trace mineral ZnSO₄ 110 ppm, tribasic copper chloride 125 ppm, MnO 120 ppm (T125); (4) MMHAC Zn 40 ppm, Cu 30 ppm, Mn 40 ppm (M30). The birds were fed nutritionally complete wheat sorghum soybean meal-based diets from days 0 to 42 with three feeding phases including starter (days 0-10), grower (days 10-21), and finisher (days 21-42). The findings revealed that birds on the T125, M10, and M30 groups possibly had higher feed intake (<i>p</i> = 0.052) and higher weight gain (<i>p</i> < 0.063) than birds on the ITM group from days 0 to 42. Furthermore, birds fed the M30 diet had higher thigh and drumstick weights compared to those fed the ITM diet at day 42 (<i>p</i> = 0.05). Additionally, birds offered the M30 diet had increased ileal Cu digestibility compared to birds offered the M10 and ITM diets at day 21 (<i>p</i> = 0.006). Gizzard erosion scores and bone parameters were similar between the dietary treatments. Hence, the supplementation of MMHACs to broiler diets at 30 ppm may be a more suitable strategy to increase weight gain and the thigh and drumstick processing weight while maintaining the bone health of broiler chickens.</p>","PeriodicalId":7955,"journal":{"name":"Animals","volume":"15 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143405284","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Feeding Methionine Hydroxyl Analogue Chelated Zinc, Copper, and Manganese on Growth Performance, Nutrient Digestibility, Mineral Excretion, and Welfare Conditions of Broiler Chickens: Part 2: Sustainability and Welfare Aspects.","authors":"Hoang Duy Nguyen, Amy Fay Moss, Frances Yan, Hugo Romero-Sanchez, Thi Hiep Dao","doi":"10.3390/ani15030419","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ani15030419","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study investigated the effects of the dietary supplementation of mineral methionine hydroxyl analogue chelates (MMHACs) zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), and manganese (Mn) on excreta nitrogen and mineral levels, housing conditions, and the welfare status of broilers. Three-hundred eighty-four day-old Ross 308 male chicks were randomly distributed to four dietary treatments, each consisting of eight replicate pens of twelve birds per pen. The treatments were (1) inorganic trace mineral ZnSO₄ (110 ppm), CuSO₄ (16 ppm), and MnO (120 ppm) (ITM); (2) MMHAC Zn (40 ppm), Cu (10 ppm), and Mn (40 ppm) (M10); (3) inorganic trace mineral ZnSO₄ (110 ppm), tribasic copper chloride (125 ppm), and MnO (120 ppm) (T125); and (4) MMHAC Zn (40 ppm), Cu (30 ppm), and Mn (40 ppm) (M30). Three feeding phases including the starter (days 0-10), grower (days 10-21), and finisher (days 21-42) were used. The findings showed that birds offered MMHACs at both levels had significantly lower Zn and Mn levels, and birds offered the T125 diet had higher Cu levels in the excreta compared to those fed the other diets on days 10, 16, 21, 28, and 42 (<i>p</i> < 0.001). The life cycle assessment showed that MMHAC supplementation at 30 ppm can be expected to improve the sustainability of the poultry industry in terms of reduced emissions into the environment, whereas excreta nitrogen and moisture content, litter conditions, levels of air gases (ammonia, carbon dioxide, and methane), and welfare indicators were similar between the dietary treatments. Hence, the supplementation of MMHACs to broiler diets at 30 ppm could maintain litter quality and welfare status while reducing emissions into the environment and the Zn, Mn, and/or Cu excretion of broilers, therefore reducing the environmental impacts of broiler production.</p>","PeriodicalId":7955,"journal":{"name":"Animals","volume":"15 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143405336","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unlocking Gut Health: The Potent Role of Stilbenoids in Intestinal Homeostasis.","authors":"Tiantian Meng, Ziwei Wen, Xiaofang Cheng, Cencen Li, Pengpeng Zhang, Dingfu Xiao, Yongjie Xu","doi":"10.3390/ani15030417","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ani15030417","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Stilbenoids are a class of naturally occurring phenolic compounds found in various plant species, characterized by a stilbene backbone with diverse substituents that confer a range of biological activities. These compounds exhibit antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial properties, making them promising candidates for improving intestinal health. The intestinal tract plays a critical role in nutrient digestion, absorption, and immune defense, and maintaining its integrity is vital for animal growth. Stilbenoids contribute to gut health by enhancing intestinal morphology, supporting mucosal immune responses, regulating gut microbiota composition, modulating metabolic pathways, and maintaining mitochondrial health. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of key stilbenoids, including resveratrol, pterostilbene, piceatannol, and oxyresveratrol, focusing on their biological effects and regulatory mechanisms. By highlighting their roles in mitigating intestinal inflammation and promoting gut function, this review provides a basis for the practical application of stilbenoids in animal health and husbandry.</p>","PeriodicalId":7955,"journal":{"name":"Animals","volume":"15 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143405476","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pathologic Findings of Cranial Abscesses Involving the Pituitary Gland in Free-Ranging White-Tailed Deer (<i>Odocoileus virginianus</i>) in Pennsylvania.","authors":"Jack Timmons, Matthew Shaub, Luke Scherer, Ian Gereg, Lauren Maxwell, Lane Potts, Madison Stevens, Madeline Vile, Erica A Miller, Kevin D Niedringhaus","doi":"10.3390/ani15030409","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ani15030409","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Intracranial abscesses are a common cause of morbidity and mortality in neurologic free-ranging white-tailed deer (<i>Odocoileus virginianus</i>). These infections are typically attributed to <i>Trueperella pyogenes</i> and occur most often in adult males with concurrent antler and skull infections. A subset of intracranial abscesses in white-tailed deer are localized to the pituitary gland, with previously described reports in five white-tailed deer. In this case series, five additional free-ranging white-tailed deer in Pennsylvania were diagnosed with pituitary abscesses at necropsy. Two cases were female deer, and four cases were yearling or juvenile deer. Two cases presented with conjunctivitis and keratitis due to extension of pituitary abscesses into the retrobulbar and peri-orbital spaces. One case had a concurrent liver abscess. This case series demonstrates a unique clinical presentation of keratitis and conjunctivitis and emphasizes the potentially unique pathogenesis for pituitary abscesses compared to other intracranial abscesses described in white-tailed deer.</p>","PeriodicalId":7955,"journal":{"name":"Animals","volume":"15 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143405452","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Performance Comparison of Genomic Best Linear Unbiased Prediction and Four Machine Learning Models for Estimating Genomic Breeding Values in Working Dogs.","authors":"Joseph A Thorsrud, Katy M Evans, Kyle C Quigley, Krishnamoorthy Srikanth, Heather J Huson","doi":"10.3390/ani15030408","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ani15030408","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study investigates the efficacy of various genomic prediction models-Genomic Best Linear Unbiased Prediction (GBLUP), Random Forest (RF), Support Vector Machine (SVM), Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGB), and Multilayer Perceptron (MLP)-in predicting genomic breeding values (gEBVs). The phenotypic data include three binary health traits (anodontia, distichiasis, oral papillomatosis) and one behavioral trait (distraction) in a population of guide dogs. These traits impact the potential for success in guide dogs and are therefore routinely characterized but were chosen based on differences in heritability and case counts specifically to assess gEBV model performance. Utilizing a dataset from The Seeing Eye organization, which includes German Shepherds (<i>n</i> = 482), Golden Retrievers (<i>n</i> = 239), Labrador Retrievers (<i>n</i> = 1188), and Labrador and Golden Retriever crosses (<i>n</i> = 111), we assessed model performance within and across different breeds, trait heritability, case counts, and SNP marker densities. Our results indicate that no significant differences were found in model performance across varying heritabilities, case counts, or SNP densities, with all models performing similarly. Given its lack of need for parameter optimization, GBLUP was the most efficient model. Distichiasis showed the highest overall predictive performance, likely due to its higher heritability, while anodontia and distraction exhibited moderate accuracy, and oral papillomatosis had the lowest accuracy, correlating with its low heritability. These findings underscore that lower density SNP datasets can effectively construct gEBVs, suggesting that high-cost, high-density genotyping may not always be necessary. Additionally, the similar performance of all models indicates that simpler models like GBLUP, which requires less fine tuning, may be sufficient for genomic prediction in canine breeding programs. The research highlights the importance of standardized phenotypic assessments and carefully constructed reference populations to optimize the utility of genomic selection in canine breeding programs.</p>","PeriodicalId":7955,"journal":{"name":"Animals","volume":"15 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143405460","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Healing of Comminuted Fractures of Long Bones in Dogs.","authors":"Mario Candela Andrade, Franziska Petereit, Pavel Slunsky, Ignacio de Rus Aznar, Leo Brunnberg","doi":"10.3390/ani15030413","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ani15030413","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Fracture healing in dogs is a complex process influenced by factors such as age, weight, fracture type, and underlying conditions. Among fractures, complex diaphyseal comminuted fractures stand out due to their susceptibility to complications like delayed union or nonunion. Despite the recognized complexities, veterinary-specific data on their incidence, complications, and effective treatment strategies remain surprisingly scarce. This retrospective study analyzed 99 comminuted fractures among 542 long bone fractures treated at the Small Animal Clinic of the Freie Universität Berlin (2007-2014). The femur (n = 42) was most affected, followed by the tibia/fibula (n = 29), radius/ulna (n = 24), and humerus (n = 4). Plates (n = 81) and intramedullary pins or external fixators (n = 16) were used for osteosynthesis. Healing occurred without complications in 72%, while 28% experienced issues such as implant failure or delayed union. Open fractures, high-energy trauma, and >3 fragments were associated with higher complication rates (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Fractures treated with plates healed slower (<i>p</i> = 0.016), and implants were removed later compared to other methods (<i>p</i> = 0.049). This study highlights the challenges of managing complex fractures and emphasizes the need for tailored surgical approaches. It provides new insights into their treatment and outcomes, paving the way for future research to establish standardized veterinary protocols.</p>","PeriodicalId":7955,"journal":{"name":"Animals","volume":"15 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143405521","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Exercise Speed and Circle Diameter on Markers of Bone and Joint Health in Juvenile Sheep as an Equine Model.","authors":"Renee M Harbowy, Brian D Nielsen, Aimee C Colbath, Cara I Robison, Daniel D Buskirk, Alyssa A Logan","doi":"10.3390/ani15030414","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ani15030414","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Though circular exercise is commonly used in equestrian disciplines, it may be at the detriment of horses' musculoskeletal system. To investigate the effects of circular exercise on bone and joint health, 42 lambs were randomly assigned to a non-exercised control, straight-line, small circle, or large circle exercise regime at a slow (1.3 m/s) or fast (2.0 m/s) speed for 12 wk. Blood samples were taken biweekly. Animals were humanely euthanized upon study completion, and the fused third and fourth metacarpals were collected for biomechanical testing and bone density analysis. Fast groups were found to have more bone formation and less resorption activity than slow groups as evidenced by serum biomarker concentrations (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Sheep in the large fast group tended to have greater flexural rigidity and fracture force for the outside leg compared to the inside leg (<i>p</i> < 0.1). Sheep in the small slow group tended to have increased bone mineral density of the outside leg compared to the inside leg, whereas the opposite occurred in the large slow group (<i>p</i> < 0.1). These results provide further evidence for potential asymmetric musculoskeletal adaptations to circular exercise while emphasizing the importance of speed as a positive influence on bone metabolism and strength.</p>","PeriodicalId":7955,"journal":{"name":"Animals","volume":"15 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143405278","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vaginal Seeding: Is There Any Positive Effect in Canine C-Sections?","authors":"Samara Beretta, Renatha Almeida de Araújo, Melissa Oliveira Bianchini, Jaqueline Tamara Bonavina, João Domingos Rocha-Júnior, Nayara Camatta Campos, Lucas José Luduverio Pizauro, Fernanda Andreza Rodrigues-Silva, Gilson Hélio Toniollo, Marita Vedovelli Cardozo, Maricy Apparício","doi":"10.3390/ani15030416","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ani15030416","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study aimed to scrutinize variations in the intestinal microbiota of neonatal dogs born through natural birth versus elective cesarean section, focusing on evaluating the influence of vaginal seeding on the microbiota of cesarean-born neonates. Samples were collected from cesarean-sectioned females before anesthesia and from naturally birthing females during prodrome signs, along with neonates at eight time points from birth to 15 days of age. In the cesarean section group, seeding was performed in half of the neonates (cesarean section seeding group; seeding consisted of gently rubbing the gauze, obtained from the mother's vagina, onto the mouths, faces, and bodies of the newborns), while the other half underwent microbiological sample collection without seeding (cesarean section group). Another group (normal birth group) consisted of naturally born neonates. Microbiota analysis included counting for enterobacteria, <i>Staphylococcus</i> spp., and <i>Streptococcus</i> spp. The results suggested that vertical transmission played a crucial role, but the method of birth did not emerge as the primary determinant of observed differences. Under study conditions, vaginal seeding failed to effectively modulate the microbiota of neonates born through elective cesarean section. Further investigations into the gut-brain axis are suggested for understanding factors influencing the initial development of the canine intestinal microbiota in neonates born through different delivery routes.</p>","PeriodicalId":7955,"journal":{"name":"Animals","volume":"15 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143405479","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Oxazolone-Induced Immune Response in Atopic Dermatitis Using a Goat Model and Exploration of the Therapeutic Potential of Pomegranate Peel Extract.","authors":"Ahmed Elfadadny, Haney Samir, Ahmed S Mandour, Rokaia F Ragab, Besheer G Elshafey, Fawaz E Alanazi, Helal F Hetta, Ahmad A Alharbi, Abdullah S Albalawi, Suhailah S Aljameel, Maha Abdullah Alwaili, Wedad M Nageeb, Mahmoud H Emam","doi":"10.3390/ani15030411","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ani15030411","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Atopic dermatitis (AD) remains a challenging condition, necessitating effective models for investigation and therapeutic exploration. In this study, we employed a goat skin model to assess the immune response triggered by topical oxazolone (OX) application. The OX simulates a Th2-driven immune reaction typified by elevated Th2 cytokine (IL-4 and IL-13) expression and the infiltration of mononuclear cells magnified by the presence of CD3⁺ and CD4⁺ T-cells in the epidermal and dermal layers. Additionally, the application of pomegranate peel extract (PPE) demonstrated a mitigating effect on OX-induced skin alterations, suggesting potential therapeutic benefits. This study underscores the value of goats as a reliable and accessible model for studying AD in humans and/or large animals. While the therapeutic potential of PPE dosage requires further exploration.</p>","PeriodicalId":7955,"journal":{"name":"Animals","volume":"15 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143405450","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}