Animals最新文献

{"title":"Physiological Responses of European Seabass (<i>Dicentrarchus labrax</i>) Juveniles to Long-Term Feeding with Increasing Levels of EPA and DHA: Effects of Thermal Challenge.","authors":"Lúcia Vieira, Diogo Amaral, Bruno Silveira, Thaís Cavalheri, Filipa Fontinha, Narcisa Bandarra, Sara Magalhães, Tiago Aires, Rodrigo O A Ozório, Aires Oliva-Teles, Helena Peres, Rui Magalhães","doi":"10.3390/ani16193119","DOIUrl":"10.3390/ani16193119","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Fish oil has traditionally been the primary source of n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated FA (n-3 LC-PUFA) in aquafeeds but is increasingly being replaced by alternative lipid sources. However, marine carnivorous fish require dietary n-3 LC-PUFA, particularly eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), which these alternative sources lack. This study assessed the long-term impact of graded levels of dietary EPA+DHA from microalgal oil on European seabass growth, feed utilization, immunological and oxidative status, and muscle FA profile. Six isoproteic (47% protein) and isolipidic (17% lipid) diets containing 0.56%, 0.66%, 0.71%, 0.90%, 1.11%, and 1.27% EPA+DHA were fed to fish (107 g initial weight) for 180 days at 23 °C, followed by a 7-day thermal challenge at 30 °C. At the end of the feeding trial, growth performance, feed utilization, organosomatic indices, blood and innate immune parameters, and oxidative stress were unaffected. Muscle FA composition mirrored that of the diets, and linear correlations were observed between muscle and dietary n-3 LC-PUFA levels. In the thermal challenge, no mortalities occurred, but hematological parameters, immune responses, and oxidative stress were intensified. Muscle FA composition remained unchanged, indicating that a dietary EPA+DHA level of 0.56% appears sufficient to meet physiological needs during an acute temperature challenge.</p>","PeriodicalId":7955,"journal":{"name":"Animals","volume":"16 19","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13663603/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149190890","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bioinformatic Analysis and Tissue-Specific Expression of Clock Genes and <i>Opn5</i> in the Chinese Giant Salamander (<i>Andrias davidianus</i>) Under Different Light Conditions.","authors":"Biao Chen, Qin Zhou, Zhizhi Jing, Dong Yao, Jing Chen, Xianwen Zhou, Pei Wang","doi":"10.3390/ani16193118","DOIUrl":"10.3390/ani16193118","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Circadian rhythms are essential for physiological regulation and environmental adaptation of animals. Light, as a primary exogenous synchronizing signal, significantly influences the maintenance and remodeling of the circadian system. In vertebrates, circadian rhythms depend on the synergistic action of central and peripheral clocks; however, systematic studies on the molecular responses to light across different tissues in amphibians are still lacking. In this study, 64 juvenile Chinese giant salamanders (<i>Andrias davidianus</i>) were randomly assigned to four groups: a control group (approximately 12L:12D, 5-12 lx, C), a continuous intermediate-light group (24L:0D, 80 ± 5 lx, I), a continuous high-light group (24L:0D, 220 ± 10 lx, H), and a continuous dark group (0L:24D, 0 lx, B). The experiment spanned 13 days. We first identified candidate <i>Clock</i> and <i>Opn5</i> homologues from transcriptome-derived sequences using homology searches, phylogenetic analysis and conserved-domain analysis. We then used RT-qPCR to measure expression changes across sampling days of <i>Clock</i>, <i>Bmal1</i>, <i>Per2</i>, <i>Cry1</i> and <i>Opn5</i> in the brain, eye and skin. The results indicated that under control and continuous intermediate-light conditions, the expression changes in core clock genes in brain and eye tissues were generally consistent, while the skin exhibited a relatively independent response pattern. Under continuous high-light conditions, the brain and eye exhibited distinct temporal expression patterns, whereas constant darkness was associated with a later-stage transcriptional response in the skin. In summary, prolonged exposure to bright light and continuous darkness were associated with distinct tissue-specific and time-dependent transcriptional responses of <i>Opn5</i> and core clock genes in the brain, eye, and skin of juvenile Chinese giant salamanders. This study provides foundational data on the molecular responses of the clock genes and non-visual opsin in amphibians to abnormal lighting conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":7955,"journal":{"name":"Animals","volume":"16 19","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13663383/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149190699","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dietary Cadmium Exposure in Black Goats: Impacts on Growth Performance, Serum Biochemical and Immune Parameters, Meat Quality, and Tissue Accumulation.","authors":"Yang Luo, Bin Yang, Qinyang Jiang","doi":"10.3390/ani16193115","DOIUrl":"10.3390/ani16193115","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cadmium (Cd) present in soil can accumulate in plants and subsequently affect the safety and quality of animal-derived food products. This study investigated the effects of dietary Cd exposure derived from rice straw on the growth performance, serum biochemical and immune parameters, meat quality, and tissue accumulation of black goats. A 90-day feeding trial was carried out with 42 healthy male black goats at 4 months. Prior to the feeding trial, six goats were slaughtered to establish baseline group, and the remaining 36 goats were randomly assigned to two groups fed with a diet containing Cd-contaminated rice straw (CAD, <i>n</i> = 18) or not (CON, <i>n</i> = 18). At 30, 60, and 90 d, six goats per group (<i>n</i> = 6) were randomly selected and slaughtered for sample collection. The results showed that dietary Cd exposure had no significant effects on growth performance and the indices of heart, liver, spleen, lung, and kidney (<i>p</i> > 0.05). Meanwhile, it induced tissue-specific and time-dependent Cd accumulation, with lymph nodes identified as the primary Cd target tissue in goats, followed by kidney and liver (<i>p</i> < 0.05). The CAD group exhibited higher concentrations of serum urea nitrogen and interleukin-10, and lower concentrations of serum glucose and creatinine. Fecal cadmium deposition efficiency (CdE) ranged from 95.68% to 97.01% in the CON group and from 68.48% to 88.74% in the CAD group, whereas the CdE in muscle and internal organs remained below 2% in both groups. These findings indicate that fecal excretion constitutes the predominant elimination pathway for ingested Cd, with only a negligible proportion retained in edible tissues and internal organs. However, based on the present findings, we cannot recommend the use of Cd-contaminated rice straw as a feed source for goats, nor can we confirm the safety of meat from exposed animals for human consumption. Further long-term studies, including human health risk assessments, are needed before any recommendations can be made.</p>","PeriodicalId":7955,"journal":{"name":"Animals","volume":"16 19","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13663565/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149190648","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Rapid Scoping Review of Nutritional Management of Beef Cows and Pre-Weaning Calves and the Occurrence of Bovine Respiratory Disease in Pre- and Post-Weaning Calves in North America.","authors":"Barbara Wilhelm, Margarita Sanguinetti, Colleen Pollock, Cheryl L Waldner","doi":"10.3390/ani16193116","DOIUrl":"10.3390/ani16193116","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Bovine respiratory disease (BRD) causes economic loss and antimicrobial use in North American beef production. This rapid scoping review examined whether nutritional management of beef cows and pre-weaning calves affects BRD morbidity or mortality before or after weaning. Eligible sources were English- or French-language North American studies published from 2000 onward that evaluated nutrition or colostrum management in beef cows or calves and reported BRD-specific, secondary, or tertiary outcomes. Six bibliographic databases and grey-literature sources were searched. One reviewer charted and verified data using a pre-tested form. Findings were synthesized narratively without formal critical appraisal. Forty-seven studies were included: 22 reported BRD-specific morbidity or mortality, 20 reported only secondary outcomes (e.g., crude mortality), and five reported only tertiary outcomes (e.g., vaccine antibody titres). Three of five controlled trials of maternal protein supplementation reported favourable offspring BRD outcomes, although incomplete comparisons, absent treatment effect estimates, and the absence of formal critical appraisal limited interpretation. Selected maternal trace mineral trials reported reduced post-weaning BRD morbidity or fewer aggregated sick incidents. Direct evidence for colostrum-management strategies was sparse; other findings were inconsistent or based on few or no BRD events. Evidence remains insufficient for specific recommendations. Adequately powered commercial trials should report prespecified BRD outcomes, effect sizes, and confidence intervals.</p>","PeriodicalId":7955,"journal":{"name":"Animals","volume":"16 19","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13663391/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149190695","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Comprehensive Assessment of Replacing Soybean Meal with Candida Utilis-Fermented Corn Steep Liquor in Broiler Diets: Nutritional Evaluation, Growth Performance, Nutrient Digestibility, Intestinal Health and Serum Biochemical.","authors":"Li Chen, Jiankun Feng, Jiamin He, Fang Zhao, Jianmin Yuan","doi":"10.3390/ani16193117","DOIUrl":"10.3390/ani16193117","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study aimed to systematically evaluate the potential of <i>Candida utilis</i>-fermented corn steep liquor (CU-FCSL) to replace soybean meal (SBM) in broiler diets. A total of 72 twenty-one-day-old Arbor Acres Plus broilers (six replicates of six birds) were fed basal or test diets (20% substitution) to determine metabolizable energy. The same design was used to determine standardized ileal amino acid digestibility (SID), with an additional nitrogen-free diet group. In a 42-day growth trial, 288 one-day-old broilers were assigned to control, 2%, 4%, or 6% CU-FCSL diets (six replicates of 12 birds). The results showed that CU-FCSL contained AME 11.36 MJ/kg DM and AMEn 11.31 MJ/kg DM, including SID values of Lys (90.00%), Met (94.01%), Thr (84.63%), and Val (88.86%). Compared with the control, broilers fed 2% or 4% CU-FCSL consistently exhibited greater body weight and weight gain across all phases, whereas 6% inclusion impaired growth performance (<i>p</i> < 0.05). The 4% level improved ether extract digestibility, immune parameters, and intestinal villus height-to-crypt depth ratio, whereas 6% inclusion increased abdominal fat, elevated serum uric acid and ALT, decreased serum IgG, IgM, and IL-10, and inhibited intestinal development and health. In conclusion, 2% and 4% CU-FCSL could be added to replace SBM without adverse effects on broiler health.</p>","PeriodicalId":7955,"journal":{"name":"Animals","volume":"16 19","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13663451/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149190630","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Longitudinal Changes in Testicular Volume and the Additional Value of Body Weight for Estimating Histology-Linked Testicular Development in Male Cynomolgus Macaques (<i>Macaca fascicularis</i>).","authors":"Ryosuke Kawashima, Hirofumi Matsumoto, Atsushi Asano","doi":"10.3390/ani16193113","DOIUrl":"10.3390/ani16193113","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Individual variation in pubertal development limits the usefulness of chronological age alone for assessing testicular development in male cynomolgus macaques. This retrospective study characterized longitudinal changes in externally measured testicular volume and evaluated the additional information provided by body weight in Chinese- and Cambodian-origin animals. Routine records collected between 2006 and 2026 were analyzed. After data cleaning, 31,310 observations from 22,305 animals were available, including 4331 animals with repeated measurements. A prespecified mean bilateral testicular volume threshold of 8.68 cm³, previously associated with bilateral histological Grade ≥ 4, was applied. Testicular volume increased markedly between approximately 4 and 6 years of age, with substantial inter-individual variation. At 5 years, the estimated probability of attaining the threshold was 54.3% in Cambodian-origin and 51.6% in Chinese-origin animals, with no clear evidence of different age-dependent threshold trajectories between origins. In animals aged 2-8 years, body weight remained strongly associated with threshold attainment after adjustment for age and origin (OR 4.18 per kg, 95% CI 3.93-4.44; <i>p</i> < 0.001). These findings demonstrate substantial variation in testicular development among similarly aged animals and support direct testicular measurement as the primary practical screening measure, with age and body weight providing complementary information.</p>","PeriodicalId":7955,"journal":{"name":"Animals","volume":"16 19","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13663561/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149190719","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Replacement of Soybean Meal with Fermented Dried Tomato Pomace Modulates Immune Responses, Antioxidant Gene Expression, and Meat Quality in Boer Goats: Insights from Hepatic Transcriptomics.","authors":"Papungkorn Sangsawad, Yong Long, Jirawadee Kaewda, Pramote Paengkoum, Siwaporn Paengkoum, Jiezhang Li, Zhengqin Luo, Nittaya Taethaisong, Chatsirin Nakharuthai","doi":"10.3390/ani16193114","DOIUrl":"10.3390/ani16193114","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study evaluated the effects of replacing soybean meal with fermented dried tomato pomace (FDTP) on biochemical, immune, and antioxidant responses, meat quality, and hepatic transcriptomic profiles in Boer goats. Twenty-four male goats were assigned to a control diet or diets in which FDTP replaced 33.33% (T1), 66.66% (T2), or 100% (T3) of soybean meal for 60 days (<i>n</i> = 6). Serum biochemical parameters, total immunoglobulin, and alternative complement hemolytic activity were unaffected, whereas lysozyme activity increased linearly with FDTP replacement. FDTP increased muscular <i>SOD1</i> expression and altered cytokine expression in a tissue-specific manner, including increased <i>IL10</i> and reduced <i>IL1B</i> and <i>TNFα</i> expression in selected tissues. In gastrocnemius muscle (<i>n</i> = 3), T2 had higher collagen content and lower cooking loss than the control and T3, whereas T3 had higher drip loss than T2; selected textural properties were also altered. During refrigerated storage, lipid oxidation was affected by storage day but not by treatment or the treatment × day interaction. T2 was selected post hoc for exploratory hepatic transcriptomic comparison with the control (<i>n</i> = 5). Among 587 DEGs, significantly enriched KEGG pathways involved metabolism and biotransformation, including steroid hormone biosynthesis, retinol metabolism, bile secretion, xenobiotic metabolism, and pentose and glucuronate interconversions. In addition to the enriched pathways, PI3K-Akt, MAPK, NF-κB, and cytokine-cytokine receptor pathways contained DEGs related to metabolic, stress, and immune responses. Overall, FDTP replacement was associated with changes in selected immune and meat-quality traits and with hepatic transcriptional responses predominantly related to metabolic and biotransformation processes.</p>","PeriodicalId":7955,"journal":{"name":"Animals","volume":"16 19","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13663399/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149190828","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of Dietary Supplementation with a Blend of Organic Acids and Cinnamaldehyde on Performance and Health Status in Weaned Piglets.","authors":"Matteo Dell'Anno, Fabio Persico, Mila Meijer, Luciana Rossi","doi":"10.3390/ani16193110","DOIUrl":"10.3390/ani16193110","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The post-weaning period represents a critical phase in swine production, often associated with increased disease susceptibility, impaired growth performance, and a consequent high antibiotic use. Therefore, innovative nutritional strategies based on functional feed additives are gaining increasing attention as strategies to support intestinal health and reduce the need for antimicrobials. This study evaluated the effects of dietary supplementation with a blend of organic acids and cinnamaldehyde on growth performance, health status, and antibiotic use in weaned piglets. A total of 148 piglets (Landrace × Large White; 28 ± 1 days of age) were allocated to two dietary treatments for 54 days: a control group (CTRL) receiving a standard basal diet, and a treatment group (TRT) fed the same diet supplemented with 0.1% of a blend containing propionic acid, formic acid, sodium formate, propionic acid glycerides, butyric acid glycerides, and cinnamaldehyde. Growth performance parameters were recorded, and health status was assessed through mortality, antibiotic treatments, and the occurrence of lesions. Piglets in the TRT group showed a significantly higher final body weight (<i>p</i> < 0.01) and average daily gain (<i>p</i> < 0.05) compared with CTRL, while no significant differences were observed for average daily feed intake or feed conversion ratio. Feed efficiency calculated at the pen level was not affected by dietary treatment. Importantly, the total number of antibiotic treatments was lower in the TRT group. Additionally, the incidence of auricular lesions was numerically lower in TRT compared with CTRL. In conclusion, dietary supplementation with a blend of organic acids and cinnamaldehyde improved growth performance and reduced antibiotic use in weaned piglets without negatively affecting feed efficiency. These findings highlight the potential of combining functional feed additives as a promising approach for the development of nutritional strategies aimed at supporting growth performance and health-related outcomes during the post-weaning period, while potentially contributing to a reduced need for therapeutic antibiotic interventions in swine production systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":7955,"journal":{"name":"Animals","volume":"16 19","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13663514/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149190842","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Application of Lactobacilli on Lipid Metabolism in Monogastric and Aquatic Animals: Benefits and Underlying Mechanism.","authors":"Bing Han, Christopher J Andrews","doi":"10.3390/ani16193111","DOIUrl":"10.3390/ani16193111","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Lipid metabolism disorder is a common physiological problem in monogastric livestock and aquatic animals which easily leads to excessive fat deposition, poor meat quality, and inhibited growth performance, bringing huge economic losses to the aquaculture and livestock industries. Lactobacilli, as core bacteria found in the gut of animals, play a crucial role in growth and health in monogastric animals, mainly including pigs, poultry, and pets, and even in aquatic animals. Nevertheless, existing relevant reviews mostly provide simple descriptive summaries of phenotypic effects, lacking systematic collation of strain-specific differences and multi-level regulatory mechanisms. Moreover, most mechanistic conclusions are predominantly inferred from rodent studies, while the applicability and specificity of these regulatory pathways in target livestock and aquatic animals remain unclear, forming an important research gap. In view of the above deficiencies, this review summarizes the beneficial effects of different lactobacilli on lipid metabolism in monogastric (including swine, poultry and pets) and aquatic animals. Furthermore, we elucidate the underlying mechanisms in different dimensions: short-chain fatty acid-mediated lipid signal transduction, regulation of liver-adipose axis-related genes (PPARs, SREBP-1c, FAS, etc.), and improvement in intestinal barrier function to inhibit lipid absorption. Also, considering the current limitations that existing mechanistic evidence in livestock and aquatic species is insufficient, this review highlights the bottlenecks of current research and proposes future research priorities, including species-specific mechanism verification, strain functional screening and precise application exploration. This study deepens the comprehensive understanding of lactobacillus-mediated lipid metabolism regulation and provides a reliable theoretical reference for the targeted application of lactobacilli in improving lipid metabolic disorders in monogastric animals and aquaculture animals.</p>","PeriodicalId":7955,"journal":{"name":"Animals","volume":"16 19","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13663339/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149190656","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Canine Hemangiosarcoma Cell Lines In Vitro Platform Captures Morphological, Functional, and Molecular Diversity.","authors":"Lucia di Caporiacco, Francesca Merighi, Luciana Giardino, Laura Marconato, Vito Antonio Baldassarro, Laura Calzà, Corinne Quadalti","doi":"10.3390/ani16193109","DOIUrl":"10.3390/ani16193109","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Both canine hemangiosarcoma and human angiosarcoma are aggressive malignancies characterized by clinical and molecular heterogeneity. Current in vitro models rely on individual cell lines, failing to capture this biological complexity. We established a standardized 2D in vitro platform comprising a panel of three canine primary splenic hemangiosarcoma cell lines (EMN009, EMN011, EMN017) and one patient-matched brain metastasis (EMN010) evaluated in parallel. Using gold-standard assays-morphometrics, growth, migration and tube-formation assays-alongside disease-relevant transcriptomic and microRNA profiling, we characterized this multi-line system under harmonized conditions. Neoplastic lines shared a robust core angiogenic signature of 42 overexpressed genes linked to VEGF, AGE-RAGE, and S1P signaling, and a 47-gene cancer stem cell engine enriched in the Hippo/YAP1 pathway. Transcriptomic clustering divided the lines into slower-growing primary tumors (EMN009/EMN011) and highly angiogenic phenotypes (EMN017/EMN010). Isogenic comparison revealed that the metastatic EMN010 uniquely upregulates STAT signaling and peptidyl-tyrosine phosphorylation. MicroRNA profiling demonstrated a global downregulation of tumor-suppressors miR-126-5p and miR-452-5p, unleashing VEGFA-driven angiogenesis, while visceral hemangiosarcoma biomarker miR-214-3p was significantly upregulated. Conversely, miR-10b and miR-133-3p expression varied across lines, reflecting ongoing clonal evolution. This integrated platform successfully recapitulates hemangiosarcoma heterogeneity, providing a reliable, standardized framework for comparative oncology and targeted pathophysiological studies.</p>","PeriodicalId":7955,"journal":{"name":"Animals","volume":"16 19","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13663357/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149190735","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}