{"title":"Processing Temporal Growth Factor Patterns by an Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Network Dynamically Established in Space.","authors":"Aneta Koseska, Philippe I H Bastiaens","doi":"10.1146/annurev-cellbio-013020-103810","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-cellbio-013020-103810","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The proto-oncogenic epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor (EGFR) is a tyrosine kinase whose sensitivity and response to growth factor signals that vary over time and space determine cellular behavior within a developing tissue. The molecular reorganization of the receptors on the plasma membrane and the enzyme-kinetic mechanisms of phosphorylation are key determinants that couple growth factor binding to EGFR signaling. To enable signal initiation and termination while simultaneously accounting for suppression of aberrant signaling, a coordinated coupling of EGFR kinase and protein tyrosine phosphatase activity is established through space by vesicular dynamics. The dynamical operation mode of this network enables not only time-varying growth factor sensing but also adaptation of the response depending on cellular context. By connecting spatially coupled enzymatic kinase/phosphatase processes and the corresponding dynamical systems description of the EGFR network, we elaborate on the general principles necessary for processing complex growth factor signals.</p>","PeriodicalId":7944,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of cell and developmental biology","volume":"36 ","pages":"359-383"},"PeriodicalIF":11.3,"publicationDate":"2020-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1146/annurev-cellbio-013020-103810","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38175794","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"F-Actin Cytoskeleton Network Self-Organization Through Competition and Cooperation.","authors":"Rachel S Kadzik, Kaitlin E Homa, David R Kovar","doi":"10.1146/annurev-cellbio-032320-094706","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-cellbio-032320-094706","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Many fundamental cellular processes such as division, polarization, endocytosis, and motility require the assembly, maintenance, and disassembly of filamentous actin (F-actin) networks at specific locations and times within the cell. The particular function of each network is governed by F-actin organization, size, and density as well as by its dynamics. The distinct characteristics of different F-actin networks are determined through the coordinated actions of specific sets of actin-binding proteins (ABPs). Furthermore, a cell typically assembles and uses multiple F-actin networks simultaneously within a common cytoplasm, so these networks must self-organize from a common pool of shared globular actin (G-actin) monomers and overlapping sets of ABPs. Recent advances in multicolor imaging and analysis of ABPs and their associated F-actin networks in cells, as well as the development of sophisticated in vitro reconstitutions of networks with ensembles of ABPs, have allowed the field to start uncovering the underlying principles by which cells self-organize diverse F-actin networks to execute basic cellular functions.</p>","PeriodicalId":7944,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of cell and developmental biology","volume":"36 ","pages":"35-60"},"PeriodicalIF":11.3,"publicationDate":"2020-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1146/annurev-cellbio-032320-094706","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38463271","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Role of Immune Factors in Shaping Fetal Neurodevelopment.","authors":"Alice Lu-Culligan, Akiko Iwasaki","doi":"10.1146/annurev-cellbio-021120-033518","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-cellbio-021120-033518","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Fetal neurodevelopment in utero is profoundly shaped by both systemic maternal immunity and local processes at the maternal-fetal interface. Immune pathways are a critical participant in the normal physiology of pregnancy and perturbations of maternal immunity due to infections during this period have been increasingly linked to a diverse array of poor neurological outcomes, including diseases that manifest much later in postnatal life. While experimental models of maternal immune activation (MIA) have provided groundbreaking characterizations of the maternal pathways underlying pathogenesis, less commonly examined are the immune factors that serve pathogen-independent developmental functions in the embryo and fetus. In this review, we explore what is known about the in vivo role of immune factors in fetal neurodevelopment during normal pregnancy and provide an overview of how MIA perturbs the proper orchestration of this sequence of events. Finally, we discuss how the dysregulation of immune factors may contribute to the manifestation of a variety of neurological disorders.</p>","PeriodicalId":7944,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of cell and developmental biology","volume":"36 ","pages":"441-468"},"PeriodicalIF":11.3,"publicationDate":"2020-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1146/annurev-cellbio-021120-033518","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38210730","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Msp1/ATAD1 in Protein Quality Control and Regulation of Synaptic Activities.","authors":"Lan Wang, Peter Walter","doi":"10.1146/annurev-cellbio-031220-015840","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-cellbio-031220-015840","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Mitochondrial function depends on the efficient import of proteins synthesized in the cytosol. When cells experience stress, the efficiency and faithfulness of the mitochondrial protein import machinery are compromised, leading to homeostatic imbalances and damage to the organelle. Yeast Msp1 (mitochondrial sorting of proteins 1) and mammalian ATAD1 (ATPase family AAA domain-containing 1) are orthologous AAA proteins that, fueled by ATP hydrolysis, recognize and extract mislocalized membrane proteins from the outer mitochondrial membrane. Msp1 also extracts proteins that have become stuck in the import channel. The extracted proteins are targeted for proteasome-dependent degradation or, in the case of mistargeted tail-anchored proteins, are given another chance to be routed correctly. In addition, ATAD1 is implicated in the regulation of synaptic plasticity, mediating the release of neurotransmitter receptors from postsynaptic scaffolds to allow their trafficking. Here we discuss how structural and functional specialization imparts the unique properties that allow Msp1/ATAD1 ATPases to fulfill these diverse functions and also highlight outstanding questions in the field.</p>","PeriodicalId":7944,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of cell and developmental biology","volume":"36 ","pages":"141-164"},"PeriodicalIF":11.3,"publicationDate":"2020-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1146/annurev-cellbio-031220-015840","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38344887","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kirsty Logan, George Du Toit, Mattia Giovannini, Victor Turcanu, Gideon Lack
{"title":"Pediatric Allergic Diseases, Food Allergy, and Oral Tolerance.","authors":"Kirsty Logan, George Du Toit, Mattia Giovannini, Victor Turcanu, Gideon Lack","doi":"10.1146/annurev-cellbio-100818-125346","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-cellbio-100818-125346","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Pediatric allergic disease is a significant health concern worldwide, and the prevalence of childhood eczema, asthma, allergic rhinitis, and food allergy continues to increase. Evidence to support specific interventions for the prevention of eczema, asthma, and allergic rhinitis is limited, and no consensus on prevention strategies has been reached. Randomized controlled trials investigating the prevention of food allergy via oral tolerance induction and the early introduction of allergenic foods have been successful in reducing peanut and egg allergy prevalence. Infant weaning guidelines in the United Sates were recently amended to actively encourage the introduction of peanut for prevention of peanut allergy.</p>","PeriodicalId":7944,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of cell and developmental biology","volume":"36 ","pages":"511-528"},"PeriodicalIF":11.3,"publicationDate":"2020-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1146/annurev-cellbio-100818-125346","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38126850","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Giovanna R Mallucci, David Klenerman, David C Rubinsztein
{"title":"Developing Therapies for Neurodegenerative Disorders: Insights from Protein Aggregation and Cellular Stress Responses.","authors":"Giovanna R Mallucci, David Klenerman, David C Rubinsztein","doi":"10.1146/annurev-cellbio-040320-120625","DOIUrl":"10.1146/annurev-cellbio-040320-120625","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>As the world's population ages, neurodegenerative disorders are poised to become the commonest cause of death. Despite this, they remain essentially untreatable. Characterized pathologically both by the aggregation of disease-specific misfolded proteins and by changes in cellular stress responses, to date, therapeutic approaches have focused almost exclusively on reducing misfolded protein load-notably amyloid beta (Aβ) in Alzheimer's disease. The repeated failure of clinical trials has led to despondency over the possibility that these disorders will ever be treated. We argue that this is in fact a time for optimism: Targeting various generic stress responses is emerging as an increasingly promising means of modifying disease progression across these disorders. New treatments are approaching clinical trials, while novel means of targeting aggregates could eventually act preventively in early disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":7944,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of cell and developmental biology","volume":"36 ","pages":"165-189"},"PeriodicalIF":11.4,"publicationDate":"2020-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38463274","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Joseph Lewis Bedont, Daniel Maxim Iascone, Amita Sehgal
{"title":"The Lineage Before Time: Circadian and Nonclassical Clock Influences on Development.","authors":"Joseph Lewis Bedont, Daniel Maxim Iascone, Amita Sehgal","doi":"10.1146/annurev-cellbio-100818-125454","DOIUrl":"10.1146/annurev-cellbio-100818-125454","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Diverse factors including metabolism, chromatin remodeling, and mitotic kinetics influence development at the cellular level. These factors are well known to interact with the circadian transcriptional-translational feedback loop (TTFL) after its emergence. What is only recently becoming clear, however, is how metabolism, mitosis, and epigenetics may become organized in a coordinated cyclical precursor signaling module in pluripotent cells prior to the onset of TTFL cycling. We propose that both the precursor module and the TTFL module constrain cellular identity when they are active during development, and that the emergence of these modules themselves is a key lineage marker. Here we review the component pathways underlying these ideas; how proliferation, specification, and differentiation decisions in both developmental and adult stem cell populations are or are not regulated by the classical TTFL; and emerging evidence that we propose implies a primordial clock that precedes the classical TTFL and influences early developmental decisions.</p>","PeriodicalId":7944,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of cell and developmental biology","volume":"36 ","pages":"469-509"},"PeriodicalIF":11.4,"publicationDate":"2020-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10826104/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38463272","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Combinatorial Control of Plant Specialized Metabolism: Mechanisms, Functions, and Consequences.","authors":"Elia Lacchini, Alain Goossens","doi":"10.1146/annurev-cellbio-011620-031429","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-cellbio-011620-031429","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Plants constantly perceive internal and external cues, many of which they need to address to safeguard their proper development and survival. They respond to these cues by selective activation of specific metabolic pathways involving a plethora of molecular players that act and interact in complex networks. In this review, we illustrate and discuss the complexity in the combinatorial control of plant specialized metabolism. We hereby go beyond the intuitive concept of combinatorial control as exerted by modular-acting complexes of transcription factors that govern expression of specialized metabolism genes. To extend this discussion, we also consider all known hierarchical levels of regulation of plant specialized metabolism and their interfaces by referring to reported regulatory concepts from the plant field. Finally, we speculate on possible yet-to-be-discovered regulatory principles of plant specialized metabolism that are inspired by knowledge from other kingdoms of life and areas of biological research.</p>","PeriodicalId":7944,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of cell and developmental biology","volume":"36 ","pages":"291-313"},"PeriodicalIF":11.3,"publicationDate":"2020-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1146/annurev-cellbio-011620-031429","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38066647","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Structural Biology of RNA Polymerase II Transcription: 20 Years On.","authors":"Sara Osman, Patrick Cramer","doi":"10.1146/annurev-cellbio-042020-021954","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-cellbio-042020-021954","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Gene transcription by RNA polymerase II (Pol II) is the first step in the expression of the eukaryotic genome and a focal point for cellular regulation during development, differentiation, and responses to the environment. Two decades after the determination of the structure of Pol II, the mechanisms of transcription have been elucidated with studies of Pol II complexes with nucleic acids and associated proteins. Here we provide an overview of the nearly 200 available Pol II complex structures and summarize how these structures have elucidated promoter-dependent transcription initiation, promoter-proximal pausing and release of Pol II into active elongation, and the mechanisms that Pol II uses to navigate obstacles such as nucleosomes and DNA lesions. We predict that future studies will focus on how Pol II transcription is interconnected with chromatin transitions, RNA processing, and DNA repair.</p>","PeriodicalId":7944,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of cell and developmental biology","volume":"36 ","pages":"1-34"},"PeriodicalIF":11.3,"publicationDate":"2020-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1146/annurev-cellbio-042020-021954","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38284520","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Source and Dynamics of Adult Hematopoiesis: Insights from Lineage Tracing.","authors":"Joseph N Pucella, Samik Upadhaya, Boris Reizis","doi":"10.1146/annurev-cellbio-020520-114601","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-cellbio-020520-114601","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The generation of all blood cell lineages (hematopoiesis) is sustained throughout the entire life span of adult mammals. Studies using cell transplantation identified the self-renewing, multipotent hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) as the source of hematopoiesis in adoptive hosts and delineated a hierarchy of HSC-derived progenitors that ultimately yield mature blood cells. However, much less is known about adult hematopoiesis as it occurs in native hosts, i.e., without transplantation. Here we review recent advances in our understanding of native hematopoiesis, focusing in particular on the application of genetic lineage tracing in mice. The emerging evidence has established HSCs as the major source of native hematopoiesis, helped to define the kinetics of HSC differentiation, and begun exploring native hematopoiesis in stress conditions such as aging and inflammation. Major outstanding questions about native hematopoiesis still remain, such as its clonal composition, the nature of lineage commitment, and the dynamics of the process in humans.</p>","PeriodicalId":7944,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of cell and developmental biology","volume":"36 ","pages":"529-550"},"PeriodicalIF":11.3,"publicationDate":"2020-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1146/annurev-cellbio-020520-114601","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38080242","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}